Literary TermsGrade 10

Mrs. Williams

Poetry is…The art or work of a poet.There are different types of poetry.These are the ones you need to be familiar

withNarrative PoetryLyric PoetryDramatic Poetry

Narrative PoetryWhat is it? _Tells a story

An example of narrative poetry is an epic poem.

An Epic PoemIs a long narrative poem in elevated style

presenting the adventures of a central hero who possesses superhuman qualities and generally embodies national ideals.You should have read one of these last year in

9th grade

What was it called? The Odyssey

A Ballad is…A fairly short narrative poem written in a

songlike stanza. Often transmitted orally from generation to

generation.

Dramatic Poetry is…Verse in the form of a monologue by one

character or a dialogue between two or more

characters.The dramatic qualities of this type of poetry

often result from stressful situations and conflicting emotions. A conversational poem.

Speeches in Shakespeare’s plays

Lyric Poetry is…Verse in which a speaker expresses personal

thoughts and feelings.Lyric poems are usually short and can take

many forms. These forms include: the elegy, ode, and another

form. Lyric poems were also written in another form

which Shakespeare wrote a lot of his poems. What was that form?

•sonnet

The Sonnet is…A fixed form of 14 lines, normally in iambic

pentameter, with a rhyme scheme conforming to or approximating one of 2 main types:

The Italian and The English.

Does anyone know the other names that can be used in place of Italian and English?

The Petrarchan Sonnet is a…Italian SonnetIt consists of an octave rhyming: abbaabba

and a sestet using any arrangement of two or three additional rhymes, such as cdcdcd or cdecde.

Originated in Italy

The Shakespearean Sonnet is…A sonnet rhyming: ababcdcdefefggIt’s content or structure ideally parallels the

rhyme scheme, falling into three coordinate quatrains and a concluding couplet.

Is often structured like the Italian sonnet, into octave and sestet, the principle break in thought coming at the end of the line.

The Elegy is…A serious poem lamenting the death of an individual or group.

An Ode is…A long lyric poem,

serious and dignified in subject , tone, and style.Usually written to

celebrate an event or honor a person.

Rhyme Scheme is…Any fixed pattern of rhymes characterizing a whole poem or its stanzas.Two types to discuss

BlankFree

Rhyme SchemeBlank Verse is…Unrhymed iambic pentameter

Free Verse is…NON Metric verse.

Poetry written in free verse is arranged in lines (may be more or less rhythmical), but has no fixed metrical pattern.

Rhythm is…The pattern

created by arranging stressed and unstressed syllables, particularly in poetry.MeterFoot

Meter is…The predictable and regular alternation between stressed and unstressed syllables that gives poetry its rhythm

FootThe basic unit

of meter in a line of poetry.A foot usually consists of one stressed syllable and one or two unstressed syllables.

Four types you need to be familiar with:a. Iambic_Foot:

a. Unstressed followed by a stressed.

b. Trochaic foot:a. Stressed followed by an

unstressed.

c. Dactylic Foot:a. Stressed followed by

two unstressed.

d. Anapestic Foot:a. Two unstressed followed

by a stressed.

Other Terms to Remember from 9th Grade:Figurative Language- Language

employing figures of speech; language that cannot be taken literally or only literally

Allusion-A reference to a historical figure, place, or event.

Simile- A direct comparison between two basically different things. A simile is introduced by the words like or as

Metaphor- A figure of speech in which an implicit comparison is made between two things essentially unlike.

Personification- A figure of speech in which human attributes are given to an animal, an object or concept.

Onomatopoeia- The use of words that supposedly mimic their meaning in their soundExample: boom, click,

pop

Other Terms to Remember from 9th Grade English:Repetition of Sounds:Assonance- The repetition at

close intervals of the vowel sounds of accented syllables or important words.

Consonance- The repetition at close intervals of the FINAL consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words.

Alliteration- The repetition at close intervals of the INITIAL (beginning) consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words.

Rhyme scheme- Any fixed pattern of rhymes characterizing a whole poem or its stanzas.

Internal Rhyme- A rhyme in which one or both of the rhyme-words occur WITHIN the line.

Slant Rhyme- A rhyme in which the rhyme words approximate identical sounds. Also known as OFF Rhyme

External Rhyme- A rhyme in which the rhyme-words occur at the END of the line.

Other Terms to Remember from 9th Grade English:Irony- A situation, or use

of language, involving some kind of incongruity or discrepancyWhen things turn out

DIFFERENTLY than expected.

Tone- The writer’s or speaker’s attitude toward his subject, his audience, or himself; the emotional coloring, or emotional meaning, of a work

Mood- The emotional feeling or atmosphere in a work of literature, sometimes created by descriptions of the setting.EX: “It was the best

of times; it was the worst of times.”