Central dogma of biology DNA RNA pre-mRNA mRNA Protein Central dogma.
mRNA to Protein
description
Transcript of mRNA to Protein
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mRNA to ProteinThanks to Ms. Dozier and Ms. Kimball for many of these
slides!
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3 Types of RNA•mRNA (messenger):
Brings info from DNA in
nucleus to ribosome in
cytoplasm
•tRNA (transfer):
associates three RNA
bases (codon) with
amino acid
•rRNA (ribosomal): part
of ribosomal machinery
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Protein
•A protein is a polymer
•Monomers are called Amino Acids (AAs)
•AAs are held together by peptide bonds, so a protein is also called a polypeptide
•20 types of AAs
•Protein function is determined by the order and number of AAs
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Amino
Acids•Each amino acid
has same
backbone
•Different “R”
groups
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Protein Structure
•After the AAs are
strung together they
are folded into a 3-D
shape
•Must be folded to do
a job
•Unfolded proteins
called “denatured”
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Protein Function
•Used for:
ocellular structure
omovement
odefense
otransport
ocommunication
•Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical
reactions
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How are proteins made?
•Now that we know a little more about
proteins and why they’re important, let’s
continue looking at how they are made!
•We’ve looked at the first part of protein
synthesis. What was it called?
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2 Parts of Protein
Synthesis
1.Transcription
2.Translation
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Translation (Part 2 of Protein Synthesis)•mRNA travels from nucleus to
cytoplasm and attaches to ribosome
•Ribosome "decodes" mRNA sequence
•Each 3 nucleotide mRNA section is a codon that codes for an amino acid (AA)
•Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) then transport the amino acids to polypeptide chain (each tRNA anticodon corresponds to an mRNA codon)
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Codons•Series of 3 nucleotides
which codes for a specific amino acid.
•64 codons code for 20 amino acids.
o1 codon can code for ONE amino acid ONLY
oBut…
oSeveral codons can code for the same amino acid
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Codons
•One start codon- AUG
oAlso codes for
Methionine (Met)
•3 stop codons
oUAA, UAG, UGA
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Practice
•Use your Codon
Table and list the
amino acids in your
notes that each
codon codes for.
Amino Acid:
m
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Protein Synthesis
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•Translate this DNA sequence to mRNA,
tRNA, and then AAs in your notes:
•: TAC TGC ATA CTG GGC ATC
•: AUG ACG UAU GAC CCG UAG
•: UAC UGC AUA CUG GGC AUC
•:start Thr Tyr Asp Pro Stop
DNA
mRNA
AAs
tRNA
Use mRNA codon