Mr. Wells Hickory Ridge HS Labor Unions EQ: Why were they developed? Working conditions: unsanitary,...
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Transcript of Mr. Wells Hickory Ridge HS Labor Unions EQ: Why were they developed? Working conditions: unsanitary,...
Mr. WellsHickory Ridge HS
Mr. WellsHickory Ridge HS
Labor UnionsLabor UnionsEQ: EQ: Why were they developed?Why were they developed?
• Working conditions: unsanitary, dangerous
• Wages: too low
• Hours: too long, 12 hour days
• Child Labor: no school, cruelty (low pay, long hours)
The Changing American
Labor Force
The Changing American
Labor Force
Child Labor
- Early 1800s: ages 7-12 made up 1/3 of workforce in US factories
- 1848: Pennsylvania establishes age of 12 to work in silk, cotton, wool mills
- 1853: Many states adopt 10 hr. workday for children
- 1900: 1/5 of all American children were employed
- 1924: Congress prohibits labor under 18
Child Labor
- Early 1800s: ages 7-12 made up 1/3 of workforce in US factories
- 1848: Pennsylvania establishes age of 12 to work in silk, cotton, wool mills
- 1853: Many states adopt 10 hr. workday for children
- 1900: 1/5 of all American children were employed
- 1924: Congress prohibits labor under 18
Child LaborChild Labor
“Galley Labor”“Galley Labor”
The Molly Maguires
- Secret Irish organization in coal fields of Pa.
- Striking because of a 20% pay reduction
The Molly Maguires
- Secret Irish organization in coal fields of Pa.
- Striking because of a 20% pay reduction
The Molly Maguires(1875)
The Molly Maguires(1875)
JamesJamesMcParlandMcParland
Labor Unrest: 1870-1900
Labor Unrest: 1870-1900
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
- Baltimore & Ohio railroad workers protest 2nd wage cut in two months
- President Rutherford B. Hayes intervenes by sending in federal troops saying strike was impeding interstate commerce
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
- Baltimore & Ohio railroad workers protest 2nd wage cut in two months
- President Rutherford B. Hayes intervenes by sending in federal troops saying strike was impeding interstate commerce
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
Homestead Steel Strike
(1892)
Homestead Steel Strike
(1892)
Steel workers went on strike at the Carnegie Steel Steel workers went on strike at the Carnegie Steel Company’s plant in Company’s plant in PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
Homestead Steel Homestead Steel WorksWorks
Pinkerton Agents
- used to infiltrate unions and to keep strikers and unionists out of factories. (The Homestead Strike)
- used as guards in coal, iron, and lumber disputes in Illinois, Michigan, NY, Pa.
Pinkerton Agents
- used to infiltrate unions and to keep strikers and unionists out of factories. (The Homestead Strike)
- used as guards in coal, iron, and lumber disputes in Illinois, Michigan, NY, Pa.
The Corporate “Bully-Boys”:
PinkertonAgents
The Corporate “Bully-Boys”:
PinkertonAgents
Management vs. Labor
Management vs. Labor
““Tools” of Tools” of ManagementManagement
““Tools” of Tools” of LaborLabor
““scabs”scabs”
P. R. campaignP. R. campaign
PinkertonsPinkertons
lockoutlockout
blacklistingblacklisting
yellow-dog yellow-dog contractscontracts
court injunctionscourt injunctions
open shopopen shop
boycottsboycotts
sympathy sympathy demonstrationsdemonstrations
informational informational picketingpicketing
closed shopsclosed shops
organized organized strikesstrikes
““wildcat” strikeswildcat” strikes
A Striker Confronts a SCAB!
A Striker Confronts a SCAB!
• Trade UnionTrade Union—group of workers —group of workers organized principally for the organized principally for the purpose of increasing wages and purpose of increasing wages and improving conditionsimproving conditions
• Craft UnionCraft Union—union that admits —union that admits only workers of a particular trade, only workers of a particular trade, skill, or occupationskill, or occupation
Video: Union OrganizationVideo: Union Organization
Video: Union OrganizationVideo: Union Organization
The Knights of Labor
The Knights of Labor Founded secretly in 1869 by
Uriah Stephens Grouped workers by industry, not by trade or skill Women and African Americans allowed membership
Chinese excluded
Goals of the Knights of Labor
Goals of the Knights of Laborù 88 hour workday. hour workday.
ù Use Use arbitrationarbitration instead of strikes instead of strikes
ù WorkerWorker-owned factories.-owned factories.
ù Abolition of child and Abolition of child and prisonprison labor. labor.
ù Increased circulation of Increased circulation of greenbacksgreenbacks..
ù Equal pay for men and Equal pay for men and womenwomen..
ù Safety codesSafety codes in the workplace. in the workplace.
ù Prohibited hiring Prohibited hiring foreignforeign labor. labor.
Haymarket Riot (1886)
- May 4th 1886
- 3,000 people in Chicago protest killing
of striker at harvester plant by police
- bomb tossed, police open fired.
- 7 officers & several strikers killed
- Result: Public turns against labor movement
Haymarket Riot (1886)
- May 4th 1886
- 3,000 people in Chicago protest killing
of striker at harvester plant by police
- bomb tossed, police open fired.
- 7 officers & several strikers killed
- Result: Public turns against labor movement
Haymarket Riot (1886)
Haymarket Riot (1886)
McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.
Governor John Peter Altgeld
- Gov. of Illinois: Criticized because he pardoned 3 men convicted of bombing
Governor John Peter Altgeld
- Gov. of Illinois: Criticized because he pardoned 3 men convicted of bombing
The American Federation
of Labor: 1886
The American Federation
of Labor: 1886
Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers
How the AF of L Would Help the
Workers
How the AF of L Would Help the
Workersù favored the favored the skilledskilled worker. worker.
ù Maintained a national strike fund.Maintained a national strike fund.
ù Evangelized the cause of unionism.Evangelized the cause of unionism.
ù Prevented disputes among the many Prevented disputes among the many craft unions.craft unions.
ù Mediated disputes between Mediated disputes between management and labormanagement and labor.. (Called (Called collective bargaining)collective bargaining)
ù Pushed for Pushed for closedclosed shops. shops.
A “Compa
nyTown”:
Pullman, IL
A “Compa
nyTown”:
Pullman, IL
The Pullman Strike of 1894 - 3,000 workers laid off
- wage decrease 25-50%
- workers went on strike
- Pullman hires strikebreakers (scabs)
- Violence breaks out
- Pres. Cleveland send in troops
- striking workers were fired or blacklisted
The Pullman Strike of 1894 - 3,000 workers laid off
- wage decrease 25-50%
- workers went on strike
- Pullman hires strikebreakers (scabs)
- Violence breaks out
- Pres. Cleveland send in troops
- striking workers were fired or blacklisted
The Pullman Strike of 1894
The Pullman Strike of 1894
President Grover Cleveland
President Grover Cleveland
If it takes the entire army and navy to If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card
will be delivered!will be delivered!
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
1911 in 1911 in NYCNYC – Fire in clothing factory – All – Fire in clothing factory – All doors locked except one – doors locked except one – 146146 women die – women die – owners acquitted of owners acquitted of manslaughtermanslaughter – public – public outraged – NY creates task force to study outraged – NY creates task force to study working conditionsworking conditions
Triangle Shirtwaist FireVideo ClipVideo Clip
The SocialistsThe Socialists
Eugene V. DebsEugene V. Debs
Eugene V. Debs (1855-1926)–One of the leaders of the
IWW–5 time Socialist Party
candidate for President of the U.S. •Socialists believe that the means of production should be owned by the workers, not the rich minority
International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)
International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)
“Big Bill” Haywood of the
IWW
“Big Bill” Haywood of the
IWW
Violence was justified to Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.overthrow capitalism.
The Hand That Will Rule the World One
Big Union
The Hand That Will Rule the World One
Big Union
Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel”
Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel”
Mary HarrisMary Harris..
Organizer for theOrganizer for theUnited MineUnited MineWorkersWorkers..
Founded the Founded the SocialSocialDemocratic Party Democratic Party in 1898.in 1898.
1903, led 80 mill 1903, led 80 mill children to home children to home of of T. Roosevelt T. Roosevelt demanding child demanding child labor laws.labor laws.
Labor Union MembershipLabor Union Membership
Workers Benefits Today
Workers Benefits Today
Right-to-Work States Today
Right-to-Work States Today
SourceDoc Wells – Hickory Ridge HS, NC
Susan M. Pojer -Horace Greeley HS, NY
SourceDoc Wells – Hickory Ridge HS, NC
Susan M. Pojer -Horace Greeley HS, NY