Mr. Weber Room 217. Take out your persuasive essays. What were the most important factors putting...
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Transcript of Mr. Weber Room 217. Take out your persuasive essays. What were the most important factors putting...
Take out your persuasive essays. What were the most important factors
putting pressure on the institution of slavery before the Civil War?
Volunteers to share?
Activator, agenda, and objective (10 minutes)
An Age of Reform lecture (30-45 minutes) Voices of Freedom Primary Source
Analysis (30 minutes) John Brown and Abraham Lincoln (30
minutes) Thanks-taking reading Exit ticket and homework (10 minutes)
1. What were the major expressions of the antebellum reform impulse?
2. What were the sources and significance of abolitionism?
3. How did abolitionism challenge barriers to racial equality and free speech?
4. What were the sources and significance of the antebellum women’s rights movement?
A. Overall patterns Voluntary associations Wide-ranging targets and objectives Activities and tactics Breadth of appeal
B. Utopian communities Overall patterns
Varieties of structures and purposes Common visions
Cooperative organization of society Social harmony Narrowing of gap between rich and poor Gender equality
B. Utopian communities2.Spiritual communities
Shakers Outlooks on gender and property Outcome
Oneida John Humphrey Noyes Outlooks on gender and property Outcome
B. Utopian communities3.Worldly communities
Brook Farm Transcendentalist origins Influence of Charles Fourier Outlooks on labor and leisure Outcome
New Harmony Communitarianism of Robert Owen Forerunner at New Lanark, Scotland Outlooks on labor, education, gender, and
community Outcome
C. Mainstream reform movements Visions of liberation
From external “servitudes” (e.g. slavery, war)
From internal “servitudes” (e.g. drink, illiteracy, crime)
Influence of Second Great Awakening “Perfectionism” Appeal in “burnt-over districts” Radicalization of reform causes Badge of middle-class respectability
D. Opposition to reform Leading sources
Workers Catholics Immigrants
Points of controversy Temperance crusade Perfectionism Imposition of middle-class Protestant
morality
E. Ambiguities of reform Impulse for liberation, individual freedom Impulse for moral order, social control
F. Program of institution building Jails Poorhouses Asylums Orphanages Common schools
Thomas Mann As embodiment of reform agenda Reception and outcome
American Colonization Society Founding Principles
Gradual abolition Removal of freed blacks to Africa
Establishment of Liberia Skepticism over Following
In North In South
Black response Emigration to Liberia Opposition
First black national convention Insistence on equal rights, as Americans
B. Take-off of militant abolitionism Distinctive spirit and themes
Demand for immediate abolition Explosive denunciations of slavery
As a sin As incompatible with American freedom
Rejection of colonization Insistence on racial equality, rights for
blacks Active role of blacks in movement Mobilization of public opinion Moral suasion
B. Take-off of militant abolitionism2.Initiatives and methods
Founding of American Anti-Slavery Society (AAAS)
Printed propaganda Oratory; public meetings Petitions
B. Take-off of militant abolitionism3.Pioneering figures and publications
David Walker; An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator Thoughts on African Colonization
Theodore Weld; Slavery As It Is Lydia Maria Child; An Appeal In Favor of
That Class of Americans Called Africans4.Spread and growth5.Strongholds of support
B. Take-off of militant abolitionism6.Visions of American freedom
Self-ownership as basis of freedom Priority of personal liberty over rights to
property or local self-government Freedom as universal entitlement,
regardless of race Right to bodily integrity
7.Identification with revolutionary heritage
C. Black and white abolitionism Prominence of blacks in movement
As opponents of colonization As readers and supporters of The Liberator As members and officers of AAAS As organizers and speakers As writers
Racial strains within movement Persistence of prejudice among white
abolitionists White dominance of leadership positions Growing black quest for independent role
C. Black and white abolitionism3.Remarkable degree of egalitarianism among
white abolitionists Anti-discrimination efforts in North Spirit of interracial solidarity
4.Black abolitionists’ distinctive stands on freedom and Americanness Exceptional hostility to racism Exceptional impatience with celebrations of
American liberty; “Freedom celebrations” Exceptional commitment to color-blind citizenship Exceptional insistence on economic dimension to
freedom5.Frederick Douglass’s historic Fourth of July
oration
D.Slavery and civil liberties Assault on abolitionism
Mob violence Attack on Garrison in Boston Attack on James G. Birney in Cincinnati Fatal attack on Elijah P. Lovejoy in Alton, Illinois
Suppression Removal of literature from mails “Gag rule” on petitions to House of
Representatives Resulting spread of antislavery sentiment
in North
E. Split within AAAS Points of conflict
Role of women in movement Garrisonian radicalism Relationship of abolitionism to American
politics Outcome
Formation of rival American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society
Founding of Liberty party Weak performance of Liberty party in 1840
election
Rise of the public woman Importance of women at grassroots of
abolitionism Forms of involvement in public sphere
Petition drives Meetings Parades Oratory
Range of reform movements involving women Abolitionism as seedbed for feminist movement
New awareness of women’s subordination Path-breaking efforts of Angelina and Sarah
Grimké Impassioned antislavery addresses Controversy over women lecturers Sarah Grimké’s Letters on the Equality of the
Sexes
C. Launching of women’s rights movement; Seneca Falls Convention Roots in abolitionism
Influence of Grimké sisters Leadership of antislavery veterans
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments
Echoes of Declaration of Independence Demand for suffrage Denunciation of wide-ranging inequalities
D. Characteristics of feminism International scope Middle-class orientation
E. Themes of feminism Self-realization
Transcendentalist sensibility Margaret Fuller’s Woman in the Nineteenth
Century Right to participate in market revolution
Denial that home is women’s “sphere” Amelia Bloomer’s new style of dress
Analogy between marriage and slavery; “slavery of sex” Laws governing wives’ economic status Law of domestic relations
Why did Americans have an impulse to improve American society in the first half of the 19th century?
In what ways was the abolitionist movement significant to the idea of American freedom?
What were the pros and cons of the colonization movement and why were many black people opposed to it?
Why is this a period of institution building? How did the abolitionist movement and the
women’s movement influence each other?
What consequences foes Grimke believe follow from the idea of rights being founded in the individual’s “moral being?”
How does Douglass turn the ideals proclaimed by white Americans into weapons against slavery?
What do these documents suggest about the language and arguments employed by abolitionists?