STIMULANTS

Mr. Prall

Stimulants

Stimulants are a psychoactive drug that increases activity in the brain. This temporarily elevates a persons… Alertness Attention Energy Blood pressure Heart rate Dopamine

STIMULANTS What are some of the stimulants we will

discuss? Crystal Meth Nicotine Caffeine Cocaine

Which drug above is the most powerful (addicting?) Nicotine!

NICOTINE

Every year nicotine kills more people than World War II and the Vietnam War combined!

Nicotine, which is found in tobacco, is the single most preventable cause of death in the United States.

Three drops of pure nicotine in a hand can kill a person!!!!

Cigarettes > Chewing tobacco Higher concentration of nicotine in

cigarettes.

Nicotine cont.

Nicotine is used in organic gardening to kill insects.

Tobacco plants produce nicotine to protect themselves against natural enemies in the food chain like grazing animals.

Can a person overdose on nicotine? YES!

Nicotine (Found)

Nicotine can be found in the following: Cigarettes Chewing tobacco Cigars Snuff Nicorette patch Nicorette chewing gum Snus

Nicotine cont. How it moves through the body…

Speed on how quickly it enters the blood and brain depends on how it is administered.

Chewing tobacco: Quick. This effect may last longer than

smoking because of how long it is in the mouth. Absorbed through mucous membranes in the mouth.

Smoking: Very quickly. Enters blood through the

lungs and then blood brings it to the brain within seconds.

How it moves through the body cont.

Cigars: Where does nicotine enter the body?

Mouth or Lungs?▪ Enters the mouth because smokers don’t

usually inhale cigars. ▪ Longer last effect because of how long it is in

the mouth, but it takes a while to be absorbed by the blood.

Quickest effect?

Which of the following would offer a drug user the quickest high? Smoking? Injecting? Inhaling?

INJECTION!▪ Immediately enters the bloodstream!

Psychological effects of Nicotine

Pattern behavior Use of nicotine can be continuous after

meals, while driving, or socializing.Mental focus

User’s needing it in order to accomplish small tasks.

Stress reliever? Many users believe nicotine will calm

them, however it actually has a reverse effect.

Psychological & Physical effects cont.

Psychological dependence: can last for many weeks and causes changes in behavior. Signs: strong cravings, anxiety, irritability,

restlessness, difficulty concentrating, depressed mood, frustration, anger

Physically Dependence: the body reacts to the absence of nicotine.

Signs: Headaches, Tiredness , Increased appetite,Weight gain ,Constipation , Cough, dry mouth, sore throat, and nasal drip, slower heart rate.

Physical effects of Nicotine

Increases dopamine levels in the brain.

Raises LDL (bad) cholesterol levels. Lowers oxygen levels in the blood.Adrenaline (epinephrine) levels

decrease. Leads to rapid heartbeat. Rapid shallow breathing. Increased blood pressure.

Dangers in Nicotine

StrokeHeart AttackCancerEmphysemaTourette’s SyndromeAlzheimer’s Disease

Caffeine

The world’s most popular drug! 10 grams of caffeine is actually

considered a lethal dose! 90% of Americans consume it in some

way every day. First isolated from coffee in 1820. Caffeine is naturally present in more

than 60 plants. The British, well known for their tea

drinking, sip 196,000,000 cups a day!

Caffeine (found)

Chocolate!Coffee/teaSoft drinksEnergy drinksOver-the-counter stimulantsSome prescription medications

Caffeine

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rf-OZA7ODy0

Caffeine in soda

Caffeine Content from Popular Soda

Caffeine content per can•Diet Mountain Dew: 55 mg •Mountain Dew: 55 mg •Diet Coke: 46 mg •Diet Dr Pepper: 44 mg •Dr Pepper: 43 mg •Pepsi: 39 mg •Diet Pepsi: 37 mg •Coke: 34 mg

Jolt Cola = 72 MG

Caffeine…How it moves through the body

Almost always taken by mouth, and absorbed by the linings of the stomach, large intestine, and small intestine (most).

Caffeine takes approximately 30-60 minutes before results are felt.

Caffeine remains in the body for a rather long time. Half-life is 3 hours.

Caffeine Psychological effects

After eating = coffeeWaking up = coffeeAll nighters (college students) =

coffeeGym/Workouts = Energy drinksCan you think of anymore?

Caffeine Physical Effects

Constricted cerebral blood vessels.Rapid, irregular heartbeat.Tremors.Sleep-disorders. Increased blood-pressure.Heart and breathing problems. Insomnia.OVERDOSE = FATAL!

Caffeine health benefits?

Research shows 4 cups a day lowers risk for Parkinson’s disease. (80% lower!)

2 cups/day reduces risk for colon cancer.

2 cups/day causes an 80% drop in cirrhosis.

2 cups/day prevents gallstone development by 50%.

Decrease change for prostate cancer?

COCAINE

Cocaine is made from the leaves of the coca plant.

Babies born to mothers who use cocaine can have brain damage and be pre-mature.

When a person first uses cocaine they experience a high they will never get again.

When cocaine is processed into a crystal form its known as “crack”. (Rock) Crack is a smokeable form of cocaine.

Cocaine common terms…

CokeBlow CandyCrack JackNose candyRock

Cocaine…How it moves through the body

Cocaine – Cocaine is usually snorted, and sometimes in rare occasions injected after being dissolved in water. It appears in a white powder.

When the user snorts cocaine it gets absorbed through the nasal tissues of the nose. It then enters the bloodstream, and brain. The user will not receive a high as quickly as they would if it were smoked.

Cocaine…How it moves through the body

Crack - is a drug that is smoked. It is heated into a pipe, where vapors are released and inhaled into the lungs.

It is smoked and then enters the lungs. Once in the lungs it is easily absorbed into the bloodstream, and the user experiences an almost immediate high. The high occurs almost as quick as injection.

Cocaine cont.

Crack cocaine, often nicknamed “crack” after the sound made during its manufacture and when smoked, first gained popularity in impoverished inner-city neighborhoods in New York, Los Angeles and Miami in late 1984 and 1985.

Cocaine cont.

Cocaine…How it moves through the body

Not only can it be snorted, smoked, and injected; but some users are even applying it to parts of their body where the mucous membranes are thin: Mouth Rectum Penis Vagina

Cocaine psychological effects Change in a person’s relationship

(marital and friendship) When psychological dependence

develops the user will do almost anything to get their hands on it.

“Coke Bugs” Extreme paranoia Alertness/Edgy Psychosis (delusions/ hallucinations) Socially Withdrawn

Cocaine physical effects

StrokeHeart Irregularities Increased blood pressureLow sex-driveSevere InsomniaDepressionDEATH…due to heart or lung failure.

Cocaine as a medicine?

Cocaine was used in dentistry as the first local anesthetic. 

Cocaine was considered remarkably effective for both dental procedures and curing toothaches.

Problem with using cocaine as an anesthetic is that it’s addictive and highly stimulating to the cardiovascular system, so synthetic alternatives were developed.

 Local anesthesia usually end in the suffix "-aine“ Lidocaine, Novocaine, Tetracaine Chemically very similar to cocaine

Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine releases high levels of dopamine, which stimulates brain cells and enhances mood and body movement.

Methamphetamine can damage brain cells that contain dopamine(reward/pleasure) and serotonin(mood).

Methamphetamines were given to soldiers during World War II, around the time they were created.

A high off crystal meth can last from 6-24 hours!

Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine common terms

MethCrystal IceGlass TinaCrystal Meth

Methamphetamine stats….• In 2005 6.2% of high school students reported using meth at least once.

• More than 85% of the meth in the United States comes from labs in California and Mexico.

• In 2004 8,000 meth labs were seized in the Unites States. Child welfare seized 3,000 children from these labs!

• According to police, the price of a dose of cocaine that would give a user a 20 minute high will buy enough meth to keep a user buzzed for a day or two.

Methamphetamine (Used)

How is meth used? Snorted, injected, or in its crystalline

form smoked. Smoking – Almost immediate flow to

the brain, and feelings are felt almost instantly. Smoked with a pipe.

Methamphetamine pyschological effects

Visual and auditory hallucinations. Intense anger and paranoia. – Can

lead to homicidal or suicidal thoughts, and actions.

Obsessive behaviors.ParanoiaAnxiety“Meth bugs” – The feeling or

sensation of tiny bugs crawling around your body.

Methamphetamine physical effects

Accelerated Heart BeatBrain DamageHypertension Insomnia Impaired immune systemBlood clotsKidney/liver damage Irreversible damage to blood vessels

of the brain.Cracked teeth/change in facial

appearance.

Faces of meth

Meth Story…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6muBhCF286Q