Mr. Neal's World History - Home€¦ · Web viewpinch pudding spice…India. The inclusion of...

AP UNIT 1 & 2 RE-TEST – CLASS SET

1. Which of the following environmental impacts occurred as a result of the Neolithic Revolution?(A) Overgrazing of fragile grasslands and deforestation(B) Global Warming(C) Polluted Lakes and Streams(D) Toxic waste in landfills

2. What factor contributed to the Agricultural Revolution?(A) A sharp decline in population(B) An increase in the number of large mammals(C) The rise of chiefdoms(D) A need for additional food

3. The Neolithic Revolution is often considered a turning point in history because(A) city dwellers learned to control fire(B) societies became more nomadic(C) nuclear families evolved into extended families(D) permanent settlements developed in river valleys

4. Pastoral peoples were typically- (A) Nomadic; herding domesticated animals(B) Sedentary; establishing agriculture(C) Warlike; making new weapons(D) Religious; conducting human sacrifices

5. Which of the following technological innovations were mostly responsible for improvements in agricultural production, trade, and transportation?(A) Writing systems and calendars(B) Irrigation systems and bronze weaponry(C) Pottery and wheels(D) Chariots and bows

6. Which of the following was a political changes was a direct result of a growing need for additional resources among early civilizations(A) Strong centralized governments were established to control food distribution (B) Religious freedom was allowed to quell uneasy peasant and slave populations(C) Warfare between neighboring societies over control of fertile land(D) Establishment of elaborate law codes with harsh punishment to deter crime


7. Which of the following correctly lists technologies used by expanding civilizations in times of war before 600 BCE(A) Fire and stone tools(B) Pottery and wheeled carts(C) Lateen sails and pack animals(D) Chariots and metal weaponry

8. Which of the following belief systems was established earlier than the other three(A) Judaism(B) Buddhism(C) Confucianism(D) Christianity

9. During the Neolithic period, trade could best be described as(A) Non-existent, due to lack of nearby societies(B) Local, between neighboring civilizations(C) Far-reaching, due to new maritime technologies(D) Diminishing, due to widespread diseases

10. One major change that accompanied the greater diversity of labor within river valley civilizations was which of the following?(A) The creation of harsh law codes(B) A decreasing use of slave labor(C) Expanding social hierarchies(D) The introduction of coined money

11. Which of the following is one way in which classical empires adapted to their environments(A) The development of writing systems such as cuneiform(B) The development of weapons technology such as the crossbow(C) The development of stone and wood tools used for farming(D) The development of irrigation systems such as the Qanat system

12. Which of the following was an unintended consequence of trade during the Classical Era?(A) The spread of new technologies(B) The spread of religions to neighboring regions(C) The spread of luxury items(D) The spread of diseases


13. Which of the following correctly lists internal factors contributing to the downfall of Rome and Han China?(A) Introduction to new diseases, introduction of new religions, and barbaric invasions(B) Government corruption, economic problems, and over-reliance on peasant and slave labor(C) Military chaos, over-reliance on peasant labor, and the introduction of new disease(D) Barbaric invasions, government corruption, and economic problems

14. Which of the following correctly lists religions that offered monastic lifestyles to those who wished to live in secluded religious societies(A) Christianity and Buddhism(B) Daoism and Judaism(C) Hinduism and Roman paganism(D) Confucianism and Legalism

15. What was a feature of society during the Paleolithic Era that declined during the Neolithic Era?(A) Widespread slavery(B) Class conflict(C) Relative egalitarianism between genders(D) High population density

Critical Thinking Questions

16. Many historians agree that the Neolithic Revolution occurred once people discovered how to do which of the following?

(A) Fight wars using metal weapons(B) Grow food and domesticate animals(C) Trade with others in nearby civilizations (D) Make stone temples for religious ceremonies

17. Which of the following environmental impacts occurred as an immediate result of the Neolithic Revolution?(A) Global Warming(B) Polluted Lakes and Streams(C) Overgrazing of fragile grasslands and deforestation(D) Toxic waste in landfills

18. Archaeological evidence indicates that Paleolithic hunter-gatherer societies used which of the following technologies in order to adapt to their harsh environments?(A) Smelting of metals such as copper and iron (B) Controlled use of fire for warmth and as an aid in hunting and foraging(C) Systems of written symbols to preserve knowledge of favorable hunting and gathering sites(D) Harnesses and other tools to control draft animals


19. The excerpt above from the Code of Hammurabi illustrates which of the following about Babylonian society?

(A) It made provision for the economic wellbeing of all classes.(B) It moved away from reliance on corporal punishment.(C) It was marked by social inequalities.(D) The king was regarded as blessed by divine forces.

A Chinese Northern Wei Buddha Maitreya, 443 C.E.

20. The statue above can best be used as evidence for which of the following trends that took place during the period 600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.?

(A) Governments using art and architecture to beautify urban areas.(B) The diffusion of South Asian artistic styles into Chinese artistic styles.(C) The increasing use of art to reflect religious values throughout much of Eurasia during

this period.(D) The increasing use of art to reflect philosophical values throughout much of Eurasia

during this time period.

“If a [noble] man puts out the eye of another [noble] man, his eye shall be put out. If he breaks another [noble] man’s bone, his bone shall be broken.If he puts out the eye of a [commoner] or breaks the bone of a [commoner], he shall pay one [silver] mina.


21. A historian of ancient Greece would probably find Athenian dramas to be most useful as a source of information about which of the following aspects of Greek society?

(A) Life expectancies in ancient Greece (B) Agricultural productivity in ancient Greece (C) Military tactics of ancient Greek armies (D) Greek religious beliefs and moral values

“The(re is) persistence of pagan practices and folk beliefs among newly Christianized peoples- as in the morphing of local deities into minor saints, or the conversion of pagan holidays like the winter and summer solstices into Christian ones like Christmas and St John's Eve.”

22. The description above best illustrates which idea?(A) The conversion into Christianity(B) An illustration of religious diffusion(C) A verse from the Holy Bible(D) A function of religious syncretism

“For the sake of the preservation of this entire creation, Purusha, the exceedingly resplendent one, assigned separate duties to the classes which had sprung from his mouth, arms, thighs, and feet.”- Code of Manu, circa 300 BCE

23. The passage above most reflects which of the following cultural traditions? (A) The concept of caste in the Vedic religions of India(B) The Daoist emphasis on the balance between humans and nature(C) Buddha’s teaching about the search for enlightenment(D) Confucius’ teaching on social harmony


Ingredients for “Roman Salted Cod”

Ingredient Origin

1 lb Cod … England

500ml White Wine … Greece

2 tbsp Olive Oil … Greece

Salt and Pepper … North Africa

Spice … Arabia

1 pinch pudding spice … India

24. The inclusion of pudding spice from India is a consequence of which of the following from the time period of 600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.?

(A) The use of monsoon winds to travel the Indian Ocean.(B) The spread of Bantu languages across North Africa.(C) The development of interregional trade on the Silk Roads.(D) The creation of massive design projects using coerced labor.

25. Which of the following aspects of the painting could most effectively be used to argue that the artist held a patriarchal view of society?

(A) The children are shown as nude.(B) The presence of the dog in the painting.(C) The woman is seated while the man is standing.(D) The man’s foot is touching the woman’s foot


26. Before 600 C.E., large centralized empires, such as the Han, Persian, and Roman empires, extended their military power by

(A) giving more political power to the common people in conquered territories, thus eliminating the need for large armies of occupation

(B) developing supply lines and building infrastructure, including defensive walls and roads(C) creating open societies inclusive of different religious and cultural practices, thus

decreasing the chance of revolts(D) recruiting their armies entirely from inhabitants of their core territories and excluding

members of newly conquered lands

27. Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic shared by Afro-Eurasian urban centers, such as Athens, Rome, and Chang’an, before 600 C.E.?

(A) Cities promoted cultural homogeneity. (B) Cities gained increasing economic independence from hinterland regions. (C) Cities were generally politically independent of larger political units. (D) Cities served as centers of commercial activity.

28. The map above shows which of the following? (A) The most significant trade routes in early medieval Europe (B) The spread of Christianity within the Roman Empire (C) Barbarian migrations into the Roman Empire (D) The spread of iron-working technology


POPULATION OF CHINA, 400 B.C.E to 1800 C.E.

29. Which of the following best explains the changes illustrated in the chart during the period approximately 200 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.

(A) The development of the Silk Road trade networks(B) The rise and collapse of the Han dynasty(C) The increased number and variety of domesticated animals(D) The development of large cities as social and administrative centers

30. Which of the following is a possible reason for the explanation for the fact agricultural villages developed independently in different parts of the world yet around the same time period?

(A) Climate change permitted agriculture to emerge along river valleys(B) Similar systems of writing allowed civilizations to exchange ideas(C) Early belief systems included ceremonies dedicated to agricultural production(D) Nomadic pastoralists spread agricultural techniques to the people encountered along the

way

Unit 1 & 2 TestPre-AP/AP World History 2018-19

AP Style Questions

Questions 31-34 refer to the image below.

Kharbine-Tapabor/The Art Archive at ArtResource, NY

Basalt stela showing King Hammurabi of Babylon (circa 1750 B.C.E.) on the left and the sun god Shamash on the right. The Code of Hammurabi is inscribed at the bottom of the stela.

31. The relationship between Hammurabi and Shamash as depicted in the image best illustrates which of the following features of ancient civilizations.

(A) Rulers deferred to the priestly class for religious guidance(B) Rulers claimed that their authority derived directly from divine power.(C) Rulers asserted that royal laws were superior to divine laws.(D) Rulers created new religions to unify conquered peoples.

32. The system of writing etched into the artifact above is known as which of the following?(A) Cuneiform(B) Hieroglyphics(C) Pictographs(D) Phoenician alphabet

33. In addition to commissioning the creation of objects such as the one shown in the image, rulers of early civilizations most commonly used which of the following activities to demonstrate their religious authority?

(A) The creation of systems of record keeping(B) The creation of epic mythologies(C) The construction of water-control systems(D)The construction of monumental architecture


34. Which of the following best describes the significance of legal codes to early civilizations?(A) They granted citizens the right to choose their rulers and representatives.(B) They reflected and reinforced existing social and political hierarchies.(C) They facilitated the introduction of monotheistic religions.(D) They effectively settled disputes between pastoralist and agrarian communities.

Questions 35-37 refer to the two sources below.

Source 1:

“Petition to the Persian governor, from your servants, the Jews of the city of Elephantine [in Southern Egypt]: May the God of Heaven seek your welfare and give you favor before the Persian Emperor Darius II. Three years ago, the local priests of Khnub, a local Egyptian river god, conspired with the local Persian commander to wipe out the temple of our God. The troops and the Egyptians entered the temple and razed it to the ground. Now we, your servants all say thus: ‘If it please our lord, please rebuild this temple. If you send a letter to that effect to the city authorities, then the offerings and incense in the new temple shall be offered in your name and all the Jews will pray for you at all times. And you shall have a merit before the God of Heaven even more than a man who offers Him burnt offerings and sacrifices worth a thousand weights of silver and gold’.”

Response from the governor: “Let this be an instruction to you in Elephantine…to rebuild the temple on its site as it was before, and offerings to be made and incense to be poured on that altar as they used to be.”

Petition of Jewish citizens of Elephantine and response by the Persian governor, 407 B.C.E.

Source 2:

“When news of the recent fighting between Greeks and Jews in Alexandria reached me, I was not willing to assign any specific blame, but I have stored up great anger against anyone who begins fighting again. And I will say that if you do not end this deadly conflict, I will be forced to show you what even a benevolent leader is like when he is turned to righteous anger. Therefore, I command you, the Alexandrian Greeks, to behave tolerantly and benevolently towards the Jews, since they have lived in the same city as you for many years, and not to abuse the religious rites which they practice, but to allow them to observe their own customs which they observed also in the time of the Emperor Augustus. However, I also order the Jews not to agitate for greater privileges than they enjoyed in the past, and not to send to me in the future another separate delegation to advocate their cause without first referring the matter to the Roman municipal authorities in Alexandria.”

Roman Emperor Claudius, letter to the people of Alexandria in Roman Egypt, 41 C.E.

35. The presence of Jewish communities in Elephantine and Alexandria was most directly the result of which of the following?

(A) The proselytizing activities of Jewish priests and missionaries(B) The migration of Jews as a result of foreign conquest and trade opportunities(C) The unification of Israel and Judea under the House of David(D) The expansion of Hellenism in the eastern Mediterranean under the successor states to the Macedonian

empire


36. Taken together, the two sources best illustrate which of the following aspects of political authority in the period circa 600 B.C.E.-600 C.E.?

(A) Rulers used local administrative institutions to manage the affairs of far-flung regions.(B) Rulers claimed to rule by virtue of having the approval and support of the gods.(C) Rulers relied on the consent of the governed to prevent religious conflicts.(D) Rulers’ ability to set policies and resolve conflicts was limited by existing legal codes and precedents.

37. Taken together, the two sources best support which of the following inferences about large empires and religious minorities in the period circa 600 B.C.E.-600 C.E.?

(A) Many empires used their militaries to persecute religious groups suspected of being disloyal to the state.(B) Led by a desire to preserve political unity, many empires curbed intercommunal conflicts and offered

minorities limited religious toleration.(C) Seeking to expand trade, many imperial governments actively encouraged the immigration of religious

minorities and their settlement in imperial cities.(D) Because of their traditions of democratic government, empires relied on petitions and delegations from local

populations to help them formulate policies.

Questions 38-40 refer to the chart below.

38. The diagram above depicts unequal relationships in society and was used by leaders in which region during the classical period (600 BCE to 600 CE) to justify ideas such as filial piety and patriarchy?

(A) Western Europe(B) The Middle East(C) South Asia(D) East Asia

39. These relationships are most directly aligned with the teachings of which historical figure?(A) Hanfezi(B) Confucius(C) Siddhartha Gautama(D) Jesus of Nazareth


40. A historian researching social stratification would most likely find the diagram above useful as a source of information for which of the following?

(A) The similarities in social/political hierarchy and familial hierarchy in the region.(B) The absence of a king or ruler in certain world regions(C) The absence of patriarchy as a prevalent means of social stratification(D) The lack of importance of age in determining one’s social or political standing

Questions 41-43 refer to the excerpt below

Husband and Wife

The Way of husband and wife is intimately connected with Yin and Yang and relates the individual to gods and ancestors. Truly it is the great principle of Heaven and Earth, and the great basis of human relationships…

If a husband is unworthy, then he possesses nothing by which to control his wife. If a wife is unworthy, then she possesses nothing which to serve her husband. If a husband does not control his wife, then the rules of conduct manifesting his authority are broken. If a wife does not serve her husband, then the proper relationship between men and women and the natural order of things are neglected and destroyed…

Yet to only teach men and not to teach women—is that not ignoring the essential relationship between them? …It is the rule to begin to teach children to read at the age of eight years, and by fifteen they ought then to be ready for cultural training. Only why should it not be that girls’ education as well as boys’ be according to this principle?

--excerpt from Admonitions for Women, by Ban Zhao (116 C.E.)

41. The author of the above stimulus challenges the paternally established society by arguing which of the following? (A) Change should only occur after consulting with ancestors(B) A strong society consists of hierarchy in family affairs and government business(C) Boys and girls must both be educated for the good of a peaceful society(D) Husbands and wives were to have equal roles in the household to maintain the balance.

42. The importance of Yin and Yang, as described above, most likely shows the influence of which of the following?(A) Hinduism(B) Buddhism(C) Daoism(D) Confucianism

43. The above principals outlining a paternally based society would most likely be implemented during which Chinese dynasty?

(A) Shang(B) Zhou(C) Qin(D) Han


Questions 44-46 refer to the image below.

Terracotta Warrior, Qin Shihuangdi Funerary Complex, ca 210 BCE

44. Chinese building projects such as the Terracotta army, and later The Great Wall, is clearly an example of

(A) The ability of Classical rulers to mobilize resources within a state, utilize corvee’ labor, and specialize jobs.(B) The practice of Classical rulers commissioning art that exalted the ruler to his people. (C) The practice of Classical rulers of imposing belief systems from the top down. (D) The continuity of the Chinese practice of ancestor veneration.

45. The belief that Shihuangdi would “forever rule over his vast domain, although invisible to the living,” reinforces which continuing Chinese religious belief?

(A) Animism(B) Ancestor veneration(C) Shamanism(D) Filial Piety

46. The author of the secondary source believes that by placing the tomb complex purposefully in the shape of a mountain, Shihuangdi was showing what pattern in Chinese history?

(A) The continuing Chinese belief in ancestor veneration.(B) The continuing Chinese belief that rulers were gods in Chinese culture.(C) The continuing Chinese belief that spirits existed in nature.(D) The continuing pattern of Chinese emperors building great tombs to honor their rule.

“This massive project was no mere monument to a deceased ruler. In a culture that believed the living and the dead formed a single community, Qin Shihuangdi’s tomb complex was a parallel society, complete with walls, palaces, cemeteries, demons, spirits, soldiers, administrators, entertainers, calendars, texts, divination records, and the luxurious objects appropriate to royalty. The tomb itself was like a mountain, a geographic feature that in Chinese thinking was home to gods, spirits, and immortals. From this mound Qin Shihuangdi would rule forever over his vast domain, although invisible to the living.”

Robert Strayer & Eric Nelson: Ways of the World Sourcebook


Questions 47-49 refer to the image and transcript below.

Photo of Behistun Inscription: Western Iran

from the reign of Darius (522-486 BCE)

47. The inscription pictured is best understood in the context of which of the following historical developments of the period of 600BCE to 600 CE?(A) States competed for limited resources in the classical period. (B) Empires became more powerful as rulers imposed political unity using a variety of methods. (C) Weaker states cooperated with conquering empires to gain trade partnerships. (D) Rulers imposed strict social hierarchies using legal edicts across their empires.

48. The document best supports which of the following conclusions?(A) Rulers used religion to validate and justify imperial expansion and the legitimacy of their rule. (B) Empires made inscriptions to project an image of the emperor as a benevolent ruler. (C) Emperors used harsh punishments for subjects who did not worship their gods. (D) The Persian Empire was the largest and most diverse of all the Classical Empires.

49. The argument made by the inscription of Darius most clearly supports which of the following? (A) Darius used the acceptance that he was a god to enforce his political rule across his Empire. (B) Darius overthrew the Acaemenids, so he was forced to use Zoroastrianism as a means to keep his Empire

together. (C) Under the Achaemenids, kings were absolute rulers, willing to crush any rebellion from conquered areas. (D) Darius forcibly converted his subjects to Zoroastrianism, requiring that they worship Ahura Mazda.

“I am Darius, the great king, king of kings, the king of Persia, the king of countries, the son of Hystaspes, the grandson of Arsames, the Achaemenid.

King Darius says: Eight of my dynasty were kings before me; I am the ninth. Nine in sucession we have been kings…. By the grace of Ahura Mazda am I king; Ahura Mazda has granted me the kindom….These are the countries which are subject unto me, and by the grade of Ahura Mazda I became king of them. [follows a list of states he conquered.]

King Darius says: This is what I have done. By the grace of Ahura Mazda have I always acted. After I became king, I fought nineteen battles in a single year and by the grace of Ahura Mazda I overthrew nine kings and I made them captive…As to those provinces which revolted, lies made them revolt, so that they deceived the people. Then Ahura Mazda delivered them into my hand; and I did unto them according to my will…. If you do not conceal my edict, but publish it to the world, then may your family be numerous, and my you live long. If you conceal this edict…may Ahura Mazda slay you and may your house cease to exist.”


Questions 50-51 refer to the image and passages below.

Source 1: South India in this period was also the center of active seaborne trade, with networks reaching all the way to Rome. Indian sailing technology was highly advanced, and much of this trade was in the hands of Indian merchants. Romans traders based in Egypt followed the routes already used by Arab traders, sailing with the monsoon from the Red Sea to the west coast of India in about two weeks, returning about six months later when the direction of the winds reversed.

McKay, John P. “the Foundation of Indian Society.” Boston, MA: Bedford/ St. Martins, 2012.

Source 2: The Indian Ocean is a more likely home for the lateen… there seems to be no surviving possible antecedants of the sail in the Mediterranean. This implies that the sail was imported in its mature form from the Indian Ocean. Indeed, the lateen is widely regarded as characteristically the sail of Arab seafarers, and its distribution is considered largely Muslim. Its diffusion elsewhere is therefore plausibly attributed to the boldness and expansionism of so-called “Arab” sailors.

Campbell, I. “The Lateen Sail in World History.” University of Hawai’I Press.

50. Based on your knowledge of world history, how did the Indian Ocean trade take advantage of predictable weather patterns?

(A) Traders scheduled their travels around the monsoon winds.(B) Camels were used to transport goods from Arabia to India(C) Silk was only transported in winter to avoid monsoon rains(D) Spices were shipped during winter to reduce spoilage.

51. All of the following directly helped India carry on thriving long distance trade Except:(A) Access to many desirable products(B) Its centralized imperial government(C) Coinage of precious metals (D) Advanced sailing technology


Questions 52-53 refer to the excerpts below

Source: Gospel of Matthew, 5:3-13.

When Jesus saw the crowds, He went up on the mountain; and after He sat down, His disciples came to Him. He opened His mouth and began to teach them, saying,

“Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

“Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted.

“Blessed are the gentle, for they shall inherit the earth.

“Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied.

“Blessed are the merciful, for they shall receive mercy.

“Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God.

“Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God.

Source: From the Pali Canon, a collection of sermons attributed to the Buddha. This sermon, “The Poison Arrow of Needless Spectulation” describes a conversation between the Buddha, and a student of the Buddha, Malunkyaputta.

The Blessed One (Buddha): “It is as if, Malunkyaputta, a man had been wounded by an arrow thickly smeared with poison, and his friends and companions, his relatives and kinsfolk, were to procure for him a physical or surgeon; and the sick man were to say, ‘I will not have this arrow taken out until I have learned whether the man who wounded me belonged to the warrior caste, or to the Brahmin caste, or to the agriculture caste, or to the menial caste…That man would die, Malunkyaputta, without ever having learned this.”

52. The claims made by the second source can best be understood in the context of which of the following?

(A) The dominance of Hindu beliefs in India and beginnings of Buddhism during this time (B) The rise of powerful empires in India like the Maurya and Gupta (C) Increased cultural diffusion and spread of religions along the Silk Road(D) Emperor Ashoka’s support for Buddhism as demonstrated by his rock edicts

53. Taken together, the sources best support which of the following conclusions about the spread of new religions in the classical era?

(A) Political and social elites often sought to stem the spread of new religions. (B) As religions spread, they took on ideas from one another.(C) The spread of new religions depended at first on missionaries spreading the teaching of the founders.(D) New religions often found initial support from marginalized social groups during times of political or social

chaos.


Questions 54-55 refer to the map below.

Human Migration(Numbers denote thousands of years ago)

54. Migration patterns of early humans shown in the map above were most likely

influenced by(A) a need for more land due to overpopulation(B) a hunting-foraging lifestyle(C) the ability to walk great distances due to physiological development(D) a natural curiosity to explore the world

55. Which of the following developments would have contributed to the migration patterns shown in the map? (A) The growth of river valleys allowed nomadic peoples to permanently settle.(B) An increasing food supply led people to seek a variety of food sources. (C) More complex tools and the use of fire enabled people to adapt more readily to different environments.(D) Weather patterns led to increased temperatures enabling overseas travel.

Mr. Neal's World History - Home€¦ · Web viewpinch pudding spice…India. The inclusion of...

Documents

Transcript of Mr. Neal's World History - Home€¦ · Web viewpinch pudding spice…India. The inclusion of...