Mr. Mitchell’s CP World History. 1. Name two reasons why European nations wanted to establish a...

Mr. Mitchell’s CP World HistoryMr. Mitchell’s CP World History

1. Name two reasons why 1. Name two reasons why European nations wanted to European nations wanted to establish a sea route to Asia?establish a sea route to Asia?

Explain the importance of Explain the importance of these ideas.these ideas.

1. – They wanted to bypass the 1. – They wanted to bypass the existing trading routes that existing trading routes that were controlled by foreign were controlled by foreign

powers and gain direct access powers and gain direct access to the Spice Islandsto the Spice Islands

The Renaissance spirit of The Renaissance spirit of inquiry further fired people’s inquiry further fired people’s

desire to learn more about the desire to learn more about the lands beyond Europelands beyond Europe

Early Trade Routes to the Spice Islands

2. Identify 3 things that helped 2. Identify 3 things that helped explorers sail to the oceans explorers sail to the oceans

and go to distant lands? How and go to distant lands? How exactly did each of these exactly did each of these

factors and achievements help factors and achievements help these explorersthese explorers

2 --- 2 --- CARTOGRAPHERSCARTOGRAPHERS created created more accurate maps and sea more accurate maps and sea

chartschartsSailors learned to use the Sailors learned to use the

ASTROLABEASTROLABE – an instrument that – an instrument that determined their latitude at seadetermined their latitude at sea

Portuguese developed the Portuguese developed the CARAVELCARAVEL – which combined – which combined

square European sails with Arab square European sails with Arab lateen triangular sailslateen triangular sails

Tools of ExplorationTools of Exploration

Prince HenryPrince Henry

EXTRA NOTES – PRINCE EXTRA NOTES – PRINCE HENRYHENRY

►Prince Henry was a Portuguese Prince Henry was a Portuguese noble noble that wanted to spread that wanted to spread ChristianityChristianity throughout throughout AfricaAfrica as well as taking as well as taking control of its lucrative supply of control of its lucrative supply of GoldGold

►Henry created a school of Henry created a school of navigationnavigation in which he assembled in which he assembled specialistsspecialists – – who designed ships, prepared who designed ships, prepared mapsmaps, , and trained and trained captainscaptains and crews for and crews for distant voyagesdistant voyages

Extra Notes – Prince HenryExtra Notes – Prince Henry

►Prince Henry’s graduates were sent Prince Henry’s graduates were sent from the school to explore and from the school to explore and eventually establish eventually establish portsports in different in different areas of the areas of the WestWest African coast African coast including including GuineaGuinea and and GhanaGhana

►They took over trade that stretched all They took over trade that stretched all the way into the great African city the way into the great African city TimbuktuTimbuktu

Extra Notes – Prince Henry Extra Notes – Prince Henry

► Most of the areas that were taken over by the Most of the areas that were taken over by the Portuguese were predominantly run by Portuguese were predominantly run by MuslimsMuslims – – ChristianChristian Portuguese were dominating Portuguese were dominating MuslimMuslim traders – Hint of the traders – Hint of the CrusadesCrusades

► By By 15001500 – Portugal controlled a – Portugal controlled a majoritymajority of the of the goldgold trade that went into trade that went into EuropeEurope

► Henry has been nicknamed “Henry has been nicknamed “The NavigatorThe Navigator” ” because of his role in Portugal’s dominance of because of his role in Portugal’s dominance of the the goldgold trade and his trade and his pioneeringpioneering of future trips of future trips

Statues of the Statues of the NavigatorNavigator

Statue of him in Lagos, Portugal

Statue in Lisbon, Portugal – dedicated to the Explorers

3. Describe the routes taken by 3. Describe the routes taken by explorers for Portugal during the explorers for Portugal during the

1400’s and early 1500’s? How did 1400’s and early 1500’s? How did this affect Portugal’s trade?this affect Portugal’s trade?

3 ---- South along the coast of 3 ---- South along the coast of Africa, around the Cape of Good Africa, around the Cape of Good

Hope, and on to the Calicut on the Hope, and on to the Calicut on the West coast of IndiaWest coast of India

Portugal seized key ports around Portugal seized key ports around the Indian Ocean to create a vast the Indian Ocean to create a vast

trading empire.trading empire.

God - Gold -- GloryGod - Gold -- Glory

► - In the early years of the - In the early years of the 1616thth century Portugal century Portugal controlled Spice Trade between controlled Spice Trade between EuropeEurope and and AsiaAsia

► - Portugal was able to do this through by sheer - Portugal was able to do this through by sheer forceforce and and numbersnumbers

► - One of the main examples of how Portugal used - One of the main examples of how Portugal used their their powerpower to take over the islands of the Indian to take over the islands of the Indian Ocean was Admiral Afonso de Albuquerque’s take Ocean was Admiral Afonso de Albuquerque’s take over of over of GoaGoa, , IndiaIndia in in 15101510 - and his destruction of - and his destruction of MalaccaMalacca in in 15111511


► Both of these victories were crucial because -- Both of these victories were crucial because -- GoaGoa ended up being Portugal’s ended up being Portugal’s headquartersheadquarters for the region -- While for the region -- While MalaccaMalacca ended up ended up being Portugal’s key to the Spice Islands -- being Portugal’s key to the Spice Islands -- INDONESIAINDONESIA

► - Albuquerque used - Albuquerque used trickerytrickery and brute and brute forceforce to to destroy the Muslim Traders including destroy the Muslim Traders including massacring entire Muslim populations, massacring entire Muslim populations, burning burning HinduHindu Temples and Muslim mosques, Temples and Muslim mosques, and and crushedcrushed defenseless Muslim trading ships. defenseless Muslim trading ships.

To Enhance the Terror of his name – Albuquerque always separated Arabs from the other inhabitants of a Captured city – and cut off the right hand of the men – and the noses of the ears of the women


► Portugal lacked the Portugal lacked the powerpower, population and , population and landland to maintain their trading empire -- once to maintain their trading empire -- once their power began to falter in the later part their power began to falter in the later part of the of the 1616thth Century, the door was opened for Century, the door was opened for the the DutchDutch who would build trading towns who would build trading towns and ground all over the and ground all over the IndianIndian Ocean and Ocean and mostly in Africa. Their led advancement mostly in Africa. Their led advancement was led by a group of wealthy Dutch was led by a group of wealthy Dutch merchants that formed the merchants that formed the Dutch East India Dutch East India Company.Company.


► The The Dutch East India CoDutch East India Co. would go on to . would go on to establish on the key African ports/ cities in the establish on the key African ports/ cities in the Spice Trade -- Spice Trade -- Cape Town Cape Town on the Cape of Good on the Cape of Good Hope. -- as well as capture Hope. -- as well as capture MalaccaMalacca from from Portugal in Portugal in 16411641, which totally ended , which totally ended Portuguese dominance in the region.Portuguese dominance in the region.

► While using some force, the Dutch learned While using some force, the Dutch learned from the Portuguese and had from the Portuguese and had alliancesalliances with with the native rulers instead of harsh relationships the native rulers instead of harsh relationships -- They would go on to trade with the -- They would go on to trade with the ChineseChinese and other nations.and other nations.


► The victories of the Dutch The victories of the Dutch enabled them to establish enabled them to establish a true trading a true trading monopolymonopoly inin the region -- something the region -- something Portugal was unable to do.Portugal was unable to do.

► The Spanish would The Spanish would attempt to take a piece of attempt to take a piece of the Spice Trade by taking the Spice Trade by taking over a group of Islands over a group of Islands that they would rename that they would rename THE PHILIPPINESTHE PHILIPPINES - - named named after the great king after the great king Phillip Phillip IIII


►The Spanish were able to The Spanish were able to take over take over the entire group of islands the natives the entire group of islands the natives themselves were not themselves were not unitedunited

►- Spanish would go on to attempt to - Spanish would go on to attempt to ChristianizeChristianize the group of islands -- In the group of islands -- In later years priests from the Philippines later years priests from the Philippines would event attempt to convert would event attempt to convert natives in natives in ChinaChina and and JapanJapan..

Christopher Columbus

4. Why did Columbus decide to 4. Why did Columbus decide to sail westward? How did he say sail westward? How did he say

that this trip was possible?that this trip was possible?

4--- He wanted to reach the 4--- He wanted to reach the Indies by sailing west across Indies by sailing west across

the Atlanticthe Atlantic- He assumed that the world - He assumed that the world

was round. was round.

5 – Briefly describe the trip of 5 – Briefly describe the trip of Christopher Columbus to the Christopher Columbus to the

New World? Include departure New World? Include departure to the New World/ the boats to the New World/ the boats

that he used/ where he landed that he used/ where he landed along with the naming of the along with the naming of the

West IndiesWest Indies

Answer 5Answer 5

► On August 3, 1492, Columbus sailed west with 3 On August 3, 1492, Columbus sailed west with 3 small ships, the NINA, PINTA, and the SANTA MARIAsmall ships, the NINA, PINTA, and the SANTA MARIA

► Although their was good weather, no land came Although their was good weather, no land came into sight – Supplies ran lowinto sight – Supplies ran low

► On October 12 – saw land On October 12 – saw land - He spent several months cruising the islands of - He spent several months cruising the islands of the Caribbeanthe Caribbean

► - He called the people – Indians – because he - He called the people – Indians – because he thought he was in Indiathought he was in India

► The land was named the West Indies as a result of The land was named the West Indies as a result of the fact he believed that he landed in Indiathe fact he believed that he landed in India

Christopher Columbus’s Christopher Columbus’s JourneyJourney

6 – How did the Exploration by 6 – How did the Exploration by Christopher Columbus impact Christopher Columbus impact the explorations of Magellan the explorations of Magellan

and Cabot? Be specific and Cabot? Be specific especially with the importanceespecially with the importance

6 –6 –Cabot was inspired by Columbus Cabot was inspired by Columbus because he wanted to find a new because he wanted to find a new northern area that Columbus had northern area that Columbus had

not foundnot found-- Magellan was inspired by -- Magellan was inspired by

Columbus because without his trip Columbus because without his trip – Magellan would not have known – Magellan would not have known that it was possible to go across that it was possible to go across the Atlantic and Cross the Pacific the Atlantic and Cross the Pacific

Ocean.Ocean.

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