Ch. 3 Exam ReviewMr. LePera

A&P

Specialized cellular components found in cytosol (cytoplasm) are called _________.

Hint: mini-organs

Specialized cellular components found in cytosol (cytoplasm) are called Organelles.

Hint: mini-organs

Phospholipid tails in the cell membrane are ___________(hydrophobic/hydrophilic) which makes the plasma membrane impermeable to water.

Phospholipid tails in the cell membrane are hydrophobic which makes the plasma membrane impermeable to water.

_____________ increase the surface area of the plasma membrane and help with absorption

Microvilli increase the surface area of the plasma membrane and help with absorption

The rod-shaped organelle where spindle-fibers originate is the _____________.

The rod-shaped organelle where spindle-fibers originate is the centriole.

When substances move AGAINST their concentration gradient it is called _______________ transport.

When substances move AGAINST their concentration gradient it is called active transport.

Unassisted movement of molecules and ions down the concentration gradient is called _____________.

Unassisted movement of molecules and ions down the concentration gradient is called diffusion.

When the cytoplasm divides it is called _____________.

When the cytoplasm divides it is called cytokinesis.

Cell growth occurs during what phase in the cell cycle?

Cell growth occurs during what phase in the cell cycle?

Interphase

The DNA segment that is the instructions for a single protein is called a ________.

The DNA segment that is the instructions for a single protein is called a gene.

The assembling of proteins by reading mRNA is called (transcription/translation).

The assembling of proteins by reading mRNA is called translation.

Which type of muscle tissue is voluntarily controlled?

Which type of muscle tissue is voluntarily controlled?

Skeletal

Neurons are found in ______ tissue and conduct __________ _________.

Neurons are found in nervous tissue and conduct electrochemical impulses.

Where are ribosomes (rRNA) made?

Where are ribosomes (rRNA) made? Nucleolus

Where are ribosomes found? (2 places)

Where are ribosomes found? (2 places) Free in the cytoplasm and on the rough ER

2 types of passive transport are: Osmosis Endocytosis Diffusion Filtration Exocytosis

2 types of passive transport are: Diffusion Filtration

Chromatids are pulled apart during

Chromatids are pulled apart during Anaphase

__RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome

List the phases of the cell cycle in order

List the phases of the cell cycle in order Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

What molecule is made during transcription?

What molecule is made during transcription?

mRNA

Explain the structure of DNA

Explain the structure of DNA 2 chains Has deoxyribose sugars Never leaves the nucleus A-T, G-C Replicated in prep for cell division

During protein synthesis, what is the segment called that codes for a specific amino acid?

During protein synthesis, what is the segment on mRNA called that codes for a specific amino acid?

Codon

What phase of the cell cycle does DNA replicate?

What phase of the cell cycle does DNA replicate?

Interphase

Which is NOT connective tissue? Bone Cartilage Blood Skeletal muscle Adipose

Which is NOT connective tissue? Skeletal muscle

What are the 3 types of muscle and where are they found?

What are the 3 types of muscle and where are they found?

Skeletal-attached to bones Cardiac-heart Smooth-digestive system

“Cell skeleton” is made of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments is called the __________.

“Cell skeleton” is made of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments is called the cytoskeleton.

What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?

What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?

Endocytosis=take into the cell Exocytosis=out of the cell

If a cell has a tail the tail is called a _________.

If a cell has a tail the tail is called a flagella.

Facilitated diffusion requires a _______ ________.

Facilitated diffusion requires a protein channel/molecule.

Know the function of each of these organelles/cell structures

Centriole Mitochondria Ribosome Lysosome Microtubule Golgi Nucleolus Microvilli

Know the function of mRNA, rRNA, DNA, proteins

List the 3 different types of RNA and their functions◦ mRNA (Messenger)-carries message containing

info for protein synthesis from DNA in nucleus to ribosome

◦ rRNA (ribosomal)-forms ribosomes and coordinates protein synthesis

◦ tRNA (transfer)-transports amino acids to ribosome and recognizes the mRNA codons

Essay

Discuss 3 steps of protein synthesis1. Uncoil DNA2. Transcription (DNAmRNA)

◦ Genes code for specific proteins◦ mRNA forms complementary strand with codons

that code for specific amino acids

3. Translation (RNA directed synthesis of protein)

◦ mRNA travels to ribosome◦ Ribosome “reads” codons◦ Corresponding tRNA brings amino acids◦ Amino acids bond together to form a protein

Essay

Discuss the 6 stages of cell division◦ Interphase-cell growth, DNA copied◦ Prophase-Chromosomes are 2 strands of chromatid,

held together by centromere. Centrioles move to opposite ends of cells and form mitotic spindle

◦ Metaphase-chromosomes align in middle of cell◦ Anaphase-centromeres split and chromosomes move

toward opposite ends of cells◦ Telophase-chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell,

uncoil and become chromatin again. Nuclear membrane reforms

◦ Cytokinesis-organelles and cytoplasm split between 2 new cells.

Essay