Mr. Lanik - Weathering/Erosion Quiz Answer on separate sheet!!

1. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram below shows the stump of a tree whose root grew into a small crack inbedrock and split the rock apart.

1) chemical weathering 2) deposition 3) erosion 4) physical weathering

The action of the root splitting the bedrock is an example of

2. The cross section below shows residual soils that developed on rockoutcrops of metamorphic quartzite and sedimentary limestone.

1) The quartzite formed from molten magma.2) The limestone is thicker than the quartzite.3) The quartzite is older than the limestone.4) The limestone is less resistant to weathering than the quartzite.

Which statement best explains why the soil is thicker above thelimestone than it is above the quartzite?

1) local air pressure2) angle of insolation

3) age of the bedrock4) regional climate

3. Which factor has the greatest influence on the weathering rate ofEarth’s surface bedrock?

1) cools the surroundings when it evaporates2) dissolves many of the minerals that make up rocks3) has a density of about one gram per cubic centimeter4) has the highest specific heat of all common earth materials

4. Water is a major agent of chemical weathering because water

1) cold and dry2) cold and humid

3) warm and dry4) warm and humid

5. In which climate would chemical weathering occur at the greatestrate?

1) decrease due to a decrease in surface area2) decrease due to an increase in surface area3) increase due to a decrease in surface area4) increase due to an increase in surface area

6. As a particle of sediment in a stream breaks into several smallerpieces, the rate of weathering of the sediment will

7. Base your answer to the following question on The diagram belowshows granite bedrock with cracks. Water has seeped into the cracksand frozen. The arrows represent the directions in which the crackshave widened due to weathering.

1) Enlargement of the cracks occurs because water expands when itfreezes.

2) This type of weathering occurs only in bedrock composed ofgranite.

3) The cracks become wider because of chemical reactionsbetween water and the rock.

4) This type of weathering is common in regions of primarily warmand humid climates.

Which statement best describes the physical weathering shown by thediagram?

1) rocks falling off the face of a steep cliff2) feldspar in granite being crushed into clay-sized particles3) water freezing in cracks in a roadside outcrop4) acid rain reacting with limestone bedrock

8. Which event is an example of chemical weathering?

Answer on separate sheet!!

1)

2)

3)

4)

9. The four limestone samples illustrated below have the samecomposition, mass, and volume. Under the same climatic conditions,which sample will weather fastest?

10. Base your answer to the following question on The demonstrationshown in the diagram below indicates that powdered limestone reactsfaster than a single large piece of limestone of equal mass when bothare placed in acid.

1) less total volume2) more chemical bonds

3) more total surface area4) lower density

The most likely reason powdered limestone reacts faster is that it has

1) Solid rock must be transported to break.2) Weathering changes transported rock materials more easily

than residual rock materials.3) Most rock materials are moved by some agent of erosion at

some time in their history.4) Residual rock material forms only from bedrock that is

difficult to change into soil.

11. Transported rock materials are more common than residual rockmaterials in the soils of New York State. Which statement bestexplains this observation?

1) the lack of an atmosphere on the Moon2) extremely low surface temperatures on the Moon3) lack of biological activity on the Moon4) large quantities of water in the lunar "seas"

12. Rock samples brought back from the Moon show absolutely noevidence of chemical weathering. This is most likely due to

13. Base your answer to the following question on The two photographsbelow show dates on tombstones found in a cemetery in St. Remy,New York. The tombstones were 5 meters apart and both facednorth. Tombstone A had dates cut into the rock in 1922. Tombstone B had dates cut into the rock in 1892.

1) Tombstone A is composed of minerals less resistant toweathering than tombstone B.

2) Tombstone A has undergone a longer period of weathering thantombstone B.

3) Tombstone A experienced cooler temperatures than tombstone B.

4) Tombstone A was exposed to less acid rain than tombstone B.

Which statement best explains why the dates are more difficult toread on tombstone A than on tombstone B?

14. Base your answer to the following question on The generalizedcross section below shows the sedimentary rock layers at NiagaraFalls in western New York State.

1) Lockport dolostone2) Rochester shale

3) Grimsby sandstone4) Queenston shale

Which rock layer appears to be most resistant to weathering anderosion?

Answer on separate sheet!!

15. The cross section below shows layers of soil.

1) melting and solidification of magma2) erosion and uplifting

3) weathering and biologic activity4) compaction and cementation

Which two processes produced the layer of dark brown to black soil?

16. The cross section below shows rock layers that underwent crustalmovement during an igneous intrusion in the Cretaceous Period.

1) The rock layers were evenly weathered.2) Some rock layers were more resistant to weathering and

erosion.3) The igneous intrusion flowed over the surface.4) More deposition occurred at the ridge sites after uplift.

Which statement best describes the cause of the ridges shown?

17. The cross section below shows sedimentary rocks being eroded bywater at a waterfall.

1) formed during different time periods2) contain different fossils3) have different compositions4) are horizontal

The sedimentary rock layers are being weathered and eroded atdifferent rates primarily because the rock layers

18. Two different kinds of minerals, A and B, were placed in the samecontainer and shaken for 15 minutes. The diagrams below representthe size and shape of the various pieces of mineral before and aftershaking. What caused the resulting differences in shapes and sizesof the minerals?

1) Mineral B was shaken harder.2) Mineral B had a glossy luster.3) Mineral A was more resistant to abrasion.4) Mineral A consisted of smaller pieces before shaking began.

1) deposition2) sedimentation

3) weathering4) cementing

19. Which process involves either a physical or chemical breakdown ofearth materials?

1) shape2) mass

3) volume4) composition

20. Which characteristic would most likely remain constant when alimestone cobble is subjected to extensive abrasion?

1) All the soil has been removed by glaciation.2) Wind erosion has been the dominant agent in soil formation.3) Transported soils are similar in composition to underlying

bedrock.4) Transported soils are far more common than residual soils.

21. Which statement best characterizes the soils found in New YorkState?

Answer on separate sheet!!

22. Base your answer to the following question on on the photographs and news article below.

Old Man’s Loss Felt in New Hampshire

      FRANCONIA, N.H. — Crowds of visitors were drawn to Franconia Notch on Sunday to mourn the loss of New Hampshire’swell-known symbol — the Old Man of the Mountain granite profile. The 700-ton natural formation was just a pile of rocks after breaking loose from its 1,200-foot-high mountainside perch. It wasunclear when the outcropping fell because clouds had obscured the area Thursday and Friday; a state park trail crew discoveredthe collapse Saturday morning. The famous mountain’s history dates millions of years. Over time, nature carved out a 40-foot-tall profile resembling an oldman’s face, and it eventually became New Hampshire’s most recognizable symbol. The Buffalo News, May 5, 2003

1) running water 2) glacial ice 3) wave action 4) mass movement

Which agent of erosion is most likely responsible for the collapse of the granite profile?

23. The cross section below represents large boulders made of granite,gneiss, and quartzite that are found lying on limestone bedrock nearOswego, New York.

1) The limestone was changed by contact metamorphism causedby a lava flow.

2) The limestone bedrock formed under conditions of high heatand pressure.

3) Older igneous and metamorphic bedrock that once covered thelimestone eroded away, forming the boulders.

4) The boulders were transported and deposited on the limestonebedrock by a glacier.

If no overturning of bedrock has occurred, which statementcorrectly explains the source of the boulders?

1) breaking apart of shale as a result of water freezing in a crack2) dissolving of rock particles on a limestone gravestone by acid

rain3) rolling of a pebble along the bottom of a stream4) crumbling of bedrock in one area to form soil

24. Which event is the best example of erosion?

1)

2)

3)

4)

25. Which quartz sample has probably undergone abrasion in a streamfor the longest period of time?

Answer on separate sheet!!

26. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below, which shows the effect that average yearly precipitation andtemperature have on the type of weathering that will occur in a particular region.

1) moderate chemical weathering2) very slight weathering

3) moderate chemical weathering with frost action4) slight frost action

Which type of weathering is most common where the average yearly temperature is 5°C and the average yearly precipitation is 45cm?

27. The landscape diagram below shows a fan-shaped pattern ofsediment deposits.

1) glacial ice2) ocean waves

3) running water4) prevailing winds

The fan-shaped pattern of these sediments is most likely the resultof deposition by

Answer on separate sheet!!

28. The diagrams below show the stages, A through D, in the formationof an oxbow lake over a period of time. [The arrows indicate thedirection of streamflow.]

1) erosion, resulting in a sudden increase in the stream's gradient2) deposition, resulting in a sudden increase in the stream's

gradient3) erosion along the outside banks of the curve in a meandering

stream4) deposition along the outside banks of the curve in a

meandering stream

Oxbow lakes are generally formed by

1)

2)

3)

4)

29. A stream is entering the calm waters of a large lake. Which diagrambest illustrates the pattern of sediments being deposited in the lakefrom the stream flow?