MR GMAT Vocabulary Advanced List

Turbocharge Your GMAT:GMAT Vocabulary List (Advanced)

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ii GMAT Vocabulary List (Advanced)

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GMAT Vocabulary List (Advanced) iii

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GMAT Vocabulary List (Advanced) v

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GMAT Vocabulary List (Advanced) vii

Introduction

A great mastery of essential English words will no doubt be very helpful to you inachieving a satisfactory GMAT score and improving communication skills. To betterassist you in your GMAT preparation, Manhattan Review has developed an exclusiveVocabulary List for your reference.

This book includes about 2,500 words and phrases which have appeared in the pastGMATs. We have categorized all of them by their grammatical forms such as transitiveverb, intransitive verb, countable noun, uncountable noun, adjective and phrase. Inaddition to the first two columns of Words and Forms, we have also included another4 columns to the right: Grammatical Details, Key Definitions, Example Sentences andRelevant Words.

Grammatical Details cover all the different verb variations in the past tense, past par-ticiple, present participle, and third-person present singular forms.

Key Definitions show all the common and most important meanings of a word in a plainand succinct manner.

Example Sentences demonstrate the actual applications of a word in a simple context.We believe it is easier for students to memorize and use new vocabularies once theysee sample sentences involving the new words.

Relevant Words include all the related adjectives, nouns, adverbs and other forms of aword. They are shown to broaden students’ knowledge of a word and their ability tobetter maneuver the language in different contexts.

Please note that a portion of this list may have been distributed to you in advance ofyour GMAT course for the purpose of warming up your English grammar skills andrefreshing your command of English vocabulary.

To keep all our course materials at a consistently high level of quality, Manhattan Re-view will continue to update and broaden this list. If you have any comments, pleasefeel free to contact us.

Happy prepping and good luck on the test!


GMAT - Vocabulary List

Words Form Grammatical

Details

Key Definitions Sentence Examples Relevant Words

(Notes: Trans: Transitive; Intrans: Intransitive; Pl: Plural; PT: Past Tense; PP: Past Participle; PresP: Present Participle;

3rd S: 3rd Person Present Singular; N: Noun; Adj: Adjective; Adv: Adverb; V: Verb)

abscisic acid Phrase A plant hormone that

causes a plant's buds and

seeds to be dormant,

retards the growth of

plants, and leads the plant

to shed its leaves, flowers

and fruits.

Due to abscisic acid, plants

haven't exhibited any sign

of growth.

abscissa Noun Pl: abscissas or

abscissae

The x-coordinate in a two

dimensional system of

Cartesian coordinates

Though the student found it

easy to determine the y-

coordinate, he had difficulty

to pinpoint the x-coordinate

or abscissa.

acquiesce Verb

(Intrans)

PT: acquiesced

PP: acquiesced

PresP: acquiescing

3rd S: acquiesces

To agree to perform a task

passively instead of

expressing consent

explicitly.

The woman acquiesced to

her employers' request and

completed her assignment.

acquiescence (N)

acquiescent (Adj)

acquiescently (Adv)

acridine Noun A type of colorless,

crystalline solid that is used

in the manufacture of dyes.

Acridine was used by the

manufacturers of fabrics to

make beautiful dyes.

adipose Adjective Fat found in the body tissue

underneath the skin and

around vital organs.

In dissecting the body in

anatomy, the medical

student found a huge area

in the stomach filled with

adipose.

adiposeness (N)

adiposity (N)

adjudication Noun Pl: adjudications The official decision made

by the court.

The judge ordered that

adjudication of the case not

be interrupted.

admonition Noun Pl: admonitions A very mild reprimand or

caution given to a person.

The judge issued an

admonition to the hostile

witness.adulatory Adjective Flattering someone

excessively.

Adulatory phrases were

offered by the President in

describing his newly

appointed ambassador.

affinity Noun Pl: affinities A connection, natural liking,

or identification with

somebody or something.

The young rock star felt an

affinity for classical musical

as his father was an opera

singer.

afoul Adjective;

Adverb

Become involved into

trouble or conflict.

The young man ran afoul of

the law when he stole a car.

amalgam Noun Pl: amalgams A mixture of two or more

different characteristics.

An amalgam of materials

was gathered to create a

new building product.

amino acid Noun Pl: amino acids A complex belonging to a

class of proteins that

contain an amino group.

Amino acids are the

cornerstone of genetic

construction.

amphetamine Noun Pl: amphetamines A stimulant drug used in

the treatment of depression

and as an appetite

suppressant.

Amphetamines were once

used in weight loss as they

speed up the metabolic

system.

anachronism Noun Pl: anachronisms A mistake of placing

something from one time

period into another time

period.

It would be an anachronism

to talk of King Edwards

surfing the Internet.

anachronous (Adj)

anachronously (Adv)

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GMAT Vocabulary List page 2 ..


Details




anaerobe Noun Pl: anaerobes An organism that does not

require oxygen for

metabolism in order for it

to survive.

Anaerobe bacteria can cause

a rare form of tuberculosis.

anaerobic Adjective 1. Occurring or living

without the presence of

oxygen.

2. Not having or providing

oxygen.

Some plants are anaerobic.

They can grow without

oxygen.

anaerobically (Adv)

anesthetic Noun Pl: anesthetics A compound, used mostly

in medicine, that decreases

the feeling or pain and may

possibly result in

unconsciousness.

The injected anesthetic

helped the dentist perform

oral surgery without causing

the patient pain.

Anesthetics relieve pain and

are essential to modern

medical practice.

anesthetic (Adj)

anesthetically (Adv)

anopheles Noun Anopheles are one of the

mosquitoes that transmits

malaria.

antebellum Adjective Relating or describing the

period of time before the

Civil War.

Antebellum homes built

before the Civil War are now

often museums.

anthropological Adjective Pertaining to the study of

human kind.

Anthropological evidence

indicates Australian

aborigines remained

hunters/gatherers.

anthropologically

(Adv)

antiaristocratic Adjective Antiaristocratic tendencies

were seen in communistic

societies where labor was

valued.

antibiotics Noun;

Adjective

Noun

Pl: antibiotics

A substance used as a

medication and produced

naturally that will kill or

deactivate bacteria.

Antibiotics prevent the

spread of bacterial

infections.

antibiotically (Adv)

anticlimactic Noun Pl: anticlimaxes An unsatisfying or normal

end after an increasingly

exciting event.

An announcement of

resignation was

anticlimactic as the news

had been developed by the

young biologist.

anticlimactic (Adj)

anticlimactically

(Adv)

antipsychotic Adjective;

Noun

Noun

Pl: antipsychotics

Adjective

Gets rid of the effects of

psychosis.

Noun

A drug created to relieve

the effects of a psychiatric

disorder.

An antipsychotic drug aids

in treatment of

schizophrenia.

antithesis Noun Pl: antitheses The other extreme in

comparison.

The antithesis of a civil

progressive society is a

brutal dictatorship.

aperiodic Adjective Occurring at non-regular

intervals.

Aperiodic assessment of

temperature allowed for a

scientific approach covering

all generalities.

aperiodically (Adv)

aperiodicity (N)




Details




apolitical Adjective Having no concern or

interest in politics.

Conservative churches in

the United States are no

longer apolitical. They often

lobby for their causes these

days.

apolitically (Adv)

apothecary Noun Pl: apothecaries Another name for a

pharmacist: a person who

supplies medicine.

A pharmacy can be called an

apothecary shop.

appropriation Noun Pl: appropriations An amount of money placed

aside, usually from a

governmental budget, to be

used for a particular

purpose.

The appropriation of land

for oil production caused

anger amongst

environmentalists.

archaeologist Noun A person who studies

ancient culture by

examining the material

remains of these cultures.

Archaeologists attempt to

understand the structure

and cultures of ancient

peoples.

archaeologist (N)

artisan Noun Pl: artisan A person who is trained in a

craft.

Fresco artisans assisted

Michelangelo in painting the

Sistine Chapel.

aspersion Noun Pl: aspersions 1. An oral attack on

someone's character or

reputation.

2. Stating a defamatory

comment.

The old woman cast

aspersions on the stranger

walking down the street.

asphyxiation Verb (Trans

and Intrans)

PT: asphyxiated

PP: asphyxiated

PresP: asphyxiating

3rd S: asphyxiates

To withhold oxygen from a

person or animal, or to be

withheld of oxygen, leading

to unconsciousness or

possibly death.

The patient's death was

resulted from asphyxiation.

asphyxiation (N)

asphyxiator (N)

asunder Adverb Broken apart or into pieces

(formal)

or dated)

The family was torn asunder

by the war.

as-yet-

unexploited

Phrase The as-yet-unexploited

mineral resources in the

mountains lie on

government-owned

property.at one stroke Phrase At one stoke of the clock,

the signal to advance was

given to the troops who

surrounded the fort.

austere Adjective Strict, disciplined,

especially suggesting

physical hardship.

The dorm life of St.

Stephen's School was

Spartan and austere.

austerely (Adv)

austereness (N)

auxin Noun Pl: auxins A plant hormone that is

produced either naturally of

synthetically that affects

the growth and

development of the plant's

shoots, roots, fruit, and

flowers.

auxinic (Adj)

auxinically (Adv)




Details




balk Verb;

Noun

Verb

PT: balked

PP: balked

PresP: balking

3rd S: balks

Noun

plural balks

Verb

1. To refuse to go on or

stop suddenly.

2. To refuse to do

something based on your

own moral scruples or

because you have a natural

revulsion towards what you

are doing.

Noun

1. A large piece of wood

that is shaped like a square.

The teenager balked at the

idea of a weekend with his

grandparents in the country.

balker (N)

baroque Adjective;

Noun

Adjective

In a highly ornamental style

that is either bizarre or very

exaggerated.

Noun

A type of architecture that

is highly ornamental and is

particular to European

architecture of the mid-

16th to early 18th

centuries.

Baroque style furniture is

opulent, grandiose and

detailed in its design.

baroquely (Adv)

be at issue Phrase To disagree; to have a

different viewpoint.

To be at issue with the

prevailing view point, the

newspaper supported

alternative views.

be contained in Phrase To be included in. Alternative methods of

taxation were contained in

the legislation.

be priced out of Phrase To be forced out of

competition due to pricing.

Due to deep discounting by

large retailers, smaller

shops were priced out of the

market as a result of lack of

scale.

beatific Adjective Showing or emanating

extreme happiness and

serenity.

The beatific nature of the

young nun made her actions

seem angelic.

beatifically (Adv)

biota Noun Pl: biotas The total number of

organisms that live in a

specific area.

bona fide Adjective A true statement or account

of good intentions.

The bona fide winning

lottery ticket was presented

for cash.

boreal Adjective Describes a region with cold

winters and warm

summers, similar to a

northern temperate climate.

The aurora boreal is one of

the universe's primary star

systems.

bout Noun Pl: bouts An attack of illness that has

a limited duration.

A bout of flu forced the

student to remain in bed for

three days.

brandling Noun Pl: brandlings An earthworm that is

reddish brown in color and

is often used as bait.

The brandling was the

perfect worm to catch the

fish.

briny Adjective comparative: brinier

superlative: briniest

Having a connection with

made up of, or having the

quality of sea water.

Pickles are preserved in a

briny solution of vinegar

and salt.

brininess (N)




Details




budworm Noun Pl: budworms A larva of a moth that lives

off conifer buds.

bugbear Noun Pl: bugbears A source of irritation or

difficulty that is

continuous.

The old husband was a

bugbear when it came to

pestering his wife about

dinner.

calamitous Adjective Creating great difficulty,

disaster, or tragedy.

Calamitous events in the

country included famine,

disease and pestilence.

calamitously (Adv)

caliph Noun Pl: caliphs The title taken by Muslim

rulers that claim religious

authority from Muhammad

to be able to rule.

A caliph, acting as lifetime

monarch, is a preferred

system of ruling in some

Islamic sects.

calligraphic Adjective Delightful and imaginative

handwriting.

The calligraphic design on

the wedding invitation made

the print look baroque.

calligrapher (N)

campesino Noun Pl: campesinos The name of an agricultural

worker in Latin-America.

Campesino did all the labor

on the fruit and vegetable

farm.

capricious Adjective Being predisposed to make

abrupt and random

changes.

Women are often spoken of

as capricious and flighty in

their decisions.

capriciously (Adv)

capriciousness (N)

captious Adjective Being predisposed to find

fault and make unimportant

and unnecessary criticisms.

We should not be concerned

with captious comments

from our peers from time to

time.

captiously (Adv)

captiousness (N)

carcinogen Noun Pl: carcinogens A compound or chemical

agent that can cause cancer.

Tobacco and asbestos are

carcinogens that cause

cancer.cardiopulmonary Adjective Involving both the heart

and lungs.

Cardiopulmonary

physicians treat ailments of

the heart and lungs.

cardiovascular Adjective Involving both the heart

and the blood vessels.

Cardiovascular disease

affects the arterial system

around the heart.

carol Noun;

Verb (Trans

and Intrans)

Noun

Pl: carols

Verb (Transitive and

Intransitive)

PT: caroled

PP: caroled

PresP: caroling

3rd S: carols

Noun

A joyful song or hymn that

is religious in nature.

Verb (Trans & Intrans)

To sing a hymn that

celebrates Christmas.

A group of singers

performed old fashioned

Christmas carols.

caroler (N)

carpal Adjective;

Noun

Pl: carpals Adjective

Pertaining to the bones that

are located in the wrist.

Noun

One of the bones located in

the wrist.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

affects hand and wrist

performance.

cartographer Noun Pl: cartographers A person that creates maps. Cartographers create

detailed maps of the

physical, cultural and

political features of the

earth.




Details




caveat Noun Pl: caveats A statement that is made to

warn or caution.

A caveat for the lottery

winner was that taxes must

first be taken before

winnings are dispersed.

caviar Noun The salty fish eggs of a big

fish that

are consumed as a delicacy.

The tiny black fish eggs

were with hardboiled eggs

indicating Russian caviar.

centrifugal Adjective;

Noun

Adjective

In physics, it is describing

the action of either pulling

or moving away from the

center or the axis of

something.

Noun

A piece of machinery that

uses centrifugal force.

Centrifugal force separates

particles in the chamber.

centrifugalism (N)

centrifugally (Adv)

chaise Noun Pl: chaises A carriage for one or more

than one person that is

light, two-wheeled, drawn

by one horse, and is usually

hooded.

A chaise lounge is a long

decorative chair allowing

the legs to be extended.

chalice Noun Pl: chalices A goblet or drinking cup

that is made of metal.

The silver chalice sat on the

altar for ceremonial wine

drinking.

chameleon Noun Pl: chameleons A lizard mostly found in

Africa and Madagascar, that

is a tree-dweller and has

long thing legs, a long

sticky tongue, a small

curled tail, and is able to

change color.

The chameleon changes

colors to mesh with its

environment.

chameleonic (Adj)

chauvinism Noun Patriotism that is too

enthusiastic, aggressive, or

unreasoning.

The feminist movement

attempted to eradicate male

chauvinism from the

culture.

chiaroscuro Noun The artistic use of light and

shade in paintings and

drawing, especially for

contrast purposes.

The chiaroscuro approach in

the drawing is a

breakthrough in the era.

chiaroscurism (N)

chiaroscurist (N)

chisel Noun;

Verb (Trans

and Intrans)

Noun

Pl: chisels


Intransitive)

past tense: chiseled

PP: chiseled

PresP: chiseling

3rd S: chisels

A tool used to cut and

shape wood or stone that is

made up of a straight flat

blade with a sharp edge

shaped as a square placed

in the handle.


To work, cut, or carve wood

or stone with the use of a

chisel.

Sculptors chisel a block of

stone to create artistic form.

chlorofluorocarbo

ns

Noun A gas made of carbon,

hydrogen, chorine, and

fluorine mainly used as a

refrigerant and propellant

of aerosol.

Chlorofluorocarbons are

refrigerants used in air

conditioning systems.




Details




cholesterol Noun A steroid alcohol, solid in

nature, that is found in

tissue, bile, blood, eggs, and

fats.

Cholesterol counts are used

to determine the potential

for heart disease.

chordate Adjective A class of animals that

includes the vertebrates

that at some developmental

stage has a main dorsal

nerve cord, a skeletal rod,

and gill slits.

All animals will a spinal

chord are known as

chordates.

chromosome Noun Rod shaped structures in

the nucleus of a cell that

carry the genes that

determine sex and other

characteristics that are

inherited from parents.

Chromosome studies maybe

used as indicators of genetic

diseases.

chromosomal (Adv)

cinder Noun Pl: cinders Noun

A little piece of burned

wood or coal that continues

to light up.

Plural Noun

The ashes that linger even

after the fire has stopped

burning.

The cinder's sparks on a dry

day caused a forest fire.

cindery (Adj)

circadian Adjective Describes a pattern that is

repeated every 24 hours.

Some job requires a

circadian work schedule.

climatologist Noun A person who studies the

science of climates.

The climatologist predicted

a change in weather

patterns.

coalesce Verb (Trans

and Intrans)

PT: coalesced

PP: coalesced

PresP: coalescing

3rd S: coalesces

To combine or make things

combine into one body or

group.

At the meeting, their ideas

coalesced into something

grand.

coalescence (N)

coalescent (Adj)

coda Noun The final section of a piece

of music that inserts

dramatic energy into the

musical work.

The coda of the composition

was challenging to most of

the musicians in the

orchestra.

coinage Noun Pl: coinages Money in the form of coins. The new country decided

against a coinage system in

favor of bills.

collaborate Verb PT: collaborated

PP: collaborated

PresP: collaborating

3rd S: collaborates

To work together with any

other or a group of people

so that a particular outcome

can be achieved.

The two academics in

different departments will

collaborate to create a

multidisciplinary work.

compulsory Adjective;

Noun

Pl: compulsories Adjective

Obligatory either by law or

some sort of authority.

Noun

An obligatory routine or

exercise that athletes in a

particular support are

required to do as part of

their competition.

Compulsory attendance at

school is required until a

minor turns sixteen.

compulsorily (Adv)

compulsoriness (N)




Details




concerto Noun Pl: concertos or

concerti

A musical piece of work for

an orchestra that shows off

the work of a soloist or a

group of soloists.

Rachmaninoff's concerto in

D minor is a deeply moving

piece of music.

congenial Adjective Enjoyable and right to

someone's personality or

taste or particular to a

situation.

A congenial atmosphere

within the office creates

happier and more

productive employees.

congeniality (N)

congenially (Adv)

congenialness (N)

connive Verb

(Intrans)

PT: connived

PP: connived

PresP: conniving

3rd S: connives

To arrange something

secretly because it is

usually wrong or illegal.

The dishonest employee

connived with his friend to

steal company funds.

conniver (N)

connivery (N)

consortia Noun A combination or grouping

of institutions, financial

organization, and business

that are commonly set up

for a mutual purpose that

would beyond the actual

abilities of one individual

member of the group.

The consortia of media

companies lobbied for

stricter rules on media

piracy.

consortial (Adj)

contemptuous Adjective Demonstrating or showing

strong dislike or complete

lack or respect for someone

or something.

The daughter was

contemptuous of her

mother's advice.

contemptuously (Adv)

contemptuousness (N)

contralto Noun Pl: contraltos Also known as alto; The

lowest vocal range for

women's voices.

The contralto's rich tones

thrilled opera patrons for

years.coriander Noun A plant that grows every

year and is indigenous to

Asia and the

Mediterranean; it is grown

for its leaves and seeds that

are used in the flavoring of

food used in cooking.

Coriander and cilantro are

different names for the

same herb.

cornerstone Noun Pl: cornerstones A person or a thing is

extremely important to

something else.

The teacher laid the

cornerstone for the new

classroom building in honor

of his years of service.

corny Adjective comparative: cornier

superlative: corniest

Unoriginal and simple. Corny jokes are often silly. cornily (Adv)

corniness (N)

coronary Adjective Describing the arteries that

bring blood to the heart, or

the veins that take blood

away from the heart.

Coronary disease involves

the heart and its vascular

area.

coronary

angiography

Noun An artery that bring blood

to the muscles of the heart.

Coronary angiography

assists the physician in

determining vascular

blockage.

cortex Noun Pl: cortices or

cortexes

The outside layer of an

organ that is solid or the

outside part of the body.

The accident seems to have

bruised the women's

cerebral cortex.




Details




cosmic Adjective Pertaining to the entire

universe.

Those interested in

astrology often refer to

cosmic forces at play in the

universe which influence

human emotions and action.

cosmically (Adv)

Cossack Noun Pl: Cossacks A farmer of Polish or

Russian ancestry that lives

in southeastern Russia,

Ukraine, or Siberia.

Brave Cossacks fought

invaders in the seventeenth

century Ukraine.

countervail Verb (Trans

and Intrans)

PT: countervailed

PP: countervailed

PresP:

countervailing

3rd S: countervails

To apply a power or

influence that acts against

something else.

We must countervail with

force and conviction to

defend our territory.

countervailing

duty

Noun Pl: countervailing

duties

An import tax on the

commodities that are made

inexpensively in their

nation of origin.

The countervailing duty on

goods from certain

countries aids domestic

producers.

courier Noun;

Verb

(Trans)

Noun

Pl: couriers

Transitive Verb

PT: couriered

PP: couriered

PresP: couriering

3rd S: couriers

Noun

A person that is entrusted

with the responsibility of

transporting and

distributing official

documents; this person is

generally either a diplomat

or a soldier.

Verb (Trans)

To transport a document or

package by a commercial

messenger service.

The courier came with a

message and papers for the

lawyer.

crass Adjective comparative: crasser

superlative: crassest

Inconsiderate, offensive,

and, uncaring as to be void

of refinement and

gracefulness.

There was a crass element

in her way of speaking.

crassitude (N)

crassly (Adv)

crassness (N)

crest Noun;

Verb

Noun

plural; crests

Transitive Verb

PT: crested

PP: crested

PresP: cresting

3rd S: crests

Noun

The uppermost part of

something that rises or

slants upwards.


To arrive at or rise to a

peak.

The artist painted the crests

of mountains.

cupidity Noun Greediness. Her cupidity led her to

marry the wealthy old man.

cytokinin Noun Pl: cytokinins A hormone made in plants

that is responsible for

regulating cell division and

growth.

The cytokinin hormone

would enable the fern to

grow.

cytology Noun A section of biology that

deals with the study of

cells.

One section of the Biology

course focused on cytology.

cytologic (Adj)

cytological (Adj)

cytologically (Adv)

cytologist (N)

cytoplasm Noun A fluid consisting of the

chemical compounds and

structures within a plant or

animal cell, not including

the nucleus of the cell.

The diagram of the cell

identified its cytoplasm and

the many other cellular

structures within the cell.

cytoplasmic (Adj)

cytoplasmically (Adv)




Details




darn Verb;

Noun

Verb

PT: darned

PP: darned

PresP: darning

3rd S: darns

Noun

Pl: darns

Verb

To mend a hole in an

article of clothing or piece

of fabric using long

connected stitches to fill

the hole.

Adjective; Adverb

Used in place of a curse

word to give importance to

or to show annoyance or

displeasure with a person

or thing.

Noun

To mend an article of

clothing or piece of fabric

using long connected

stitches.

Interjection

Used in place of a curse

word to show annoyance,

displeasure, or shock.

After doing the laundry, the

mother darned holes in the

children's clothes.

debenture Noun Pl: debentures A bond financed only by the

credit standing of the

person who issued the

bond; it may sometimes be

made into stock.

The company has issued a

few publicly traded

debentures.

debentured (Adj)

deferential Adjective Presenting or expressing

courtesy or high respect.

A deferential attitude was

shown to the hotel's guest

by the employees.

deferentially (Adv)

deice Verb

(Trans)

PT: deiced

PP: deiced

PresP: deicing

3rd S: deices

To get rid of ice from

something like a

windshield, or to stop ice

from developing on it.

The driver needed to deice

his windshield in the winter,

in order to be able to see

while he drove.

demobilization Noun To release members of the

armed forces from duty and

then send then home.

Demobilization of the

Japanese military occurred

after WWII.

demur Verb PT: demurred,

PP: demurred

PresP: demurring

3rd S: demurs

Show reluctance; try to not

do something because of

someone's own personal

objections or unwillingness.

The young girl demurred

against her mother's

suggestion to quit eating

sweets.

denationalization Noun Pl:

denationalizations

The sale of businesses or

other very large assets

owned by either the state or

private investors.

Denationalization of basic

utilities is required to create

capitalist societies.

denigrate Verb PT: denigrated

PP: denigrated

PresP: denigrating

3rd S: denigrates

To insult someone's

character or reputation.

Teachers should not

denigrate a student in the

presence of others.

denigration (N)

denigrator (N)

denouement Noun Pl: denouements A last and final part in

which all things are made

apparent so that no

question or surprises are

remained unanswered.

The denouement of the

novel occurred when the

hero was able to resolve his

self doubt.

dentition Noun The kind, number, and

organization of a group of

teeth.

The wildlife expert

examined the deer's teeth

and created a dentition

chart of its teeth.




Details




denunciatory Adjective Accusatory, condemning. Denunciatory activity

against minority groups

occurred during the Spanish

Inquisitions.

deride Verb

(Trans)

PT: derided

PP: derided

PresP: deriding

3rd S: derides

To mock or show disrespect

for a person or a thing.

To deride a friend for his

failures creates a lack of

trust.

derider (N)

deridingly (adverb)

derision Noun Dislike and ridicule. Young boys often use

derision against weaker

members of the group.

detractor Noun Pl: detractors Someone who belittles or

undervalues someone or

something.

The old detractor attempted

to make the woman feel

unattractive.

diapir Noun Pl: diapirs A dome shaped mass of

stone that moves upwards

through heavier overlying

stone.

Diapirs or salt-deposits

often creates magnificent

geological structures.

diapiric (Adj)

dichotomy Noun Pl: dichotomies A division into two separate

parts or situations that are

very different or are

opposite to each other.

The dichotomy between the

serene message and its

brutal undertone was typical

of the dictator's

communication.

dichotomic (Adj)

dichotomous (Adj)

dichotomously (Adv)

didactic Adjective Having an ethical or

political message;

Inclination to instruct or

advise others.

The didactic teachings of

the minister were meant to

communicate morals.

didactically (Adv)

diphtheria Noun A severe contagious disease

that is caused by the

bacterium Corynebacterium

diphtheria, that

contaminates the throat

membranes and causes

toxins to be released that

hurt the heart and the

nervous system.

Diphtheria has been

eliminated throughout

much of the world through

the use of vaccinations.

diphtherial (Adj)

diphtheric (Adj)

diphtheritic (Adj)

diphtheroid (Adj)

disavow Verb

(Trans)

PT: disavowed

PP: disavowed

PresP: disavowing

3rd S: disavows

To reject or deny any

knowledge of or blame for

something, or any

connection with someone or

something.

The young woman

disavowed all responsibility

for the failure of her

marriage.

disavowable (Adj)

disavowal (N)

disavowedly (Adv)

disavower (N)

discretionary Adjective Giving someone the choice

to make decisions in

agreement with someone's

own circumstances.

Discretionary funds were

used to improve the

playground after all other

budgetary needs were met.

discretionarily (Adv)

disparate Adjective Describing things or people

that cannot be compared

because they are absolutely

different.

Disparate factions of

political parties have been

established in recent years.

disparately (Adv)

disparateness (N)

disparity Noun Pl: disparities Lack of equality or

similarity between things or

people.

There remains a great deal

of disparity among the

opportunities available to

young people based on their

education and class.




Details




dissenter Noun Pl: dissenters Someone who holds a

different opinion.

A dissenter stood up in the

forum and spoke against the

proposed plan.

dissipate Verb (Trans

and Intrans)

PT: dissipated

PP: dissipated

PresP: dissipating

3rd S: dissipates

To make something fade or

vanish, or to partake in

such an event.

A steady decrease in rainfall

dissipated the probability of

high yield crops.

dissipater (N)

dissipative (Adj)

dissipator (N)

divest Verb

(Trans)

PT: divested

PP: divested

PresP: divesting

3rd S: divests

To remove something like

status or power from a

person or a thing.

In order to divest himself of

conflicts, the new politician

placed stocks in a blind

trust.

divestible (Adj)

divestment (N)

divesture (N)

divestment Noun The removal of something

like status or power from a

person or a thing.

The divestment of stocks

left the young politician free

to make better decisions.

dividend Noun Pl: dividends Something worthy or

desired that is acquired as a

bonus in conjunction with

something else.

Because profits were up a

dividend was granted to

shareholders.

dogma Noun Pl: dogmas or

dogmata

A principle or set of

principles that are held to

be true by a religion.

Strict dogma insures

rigorous adherence to

cultural tradition.

dogwood Noun Pl: dogwoods or

dogwood

A tree or bush that has

small clusters of white

flowers enclosed by four

large white or reddish

leaves.

The dogwood trees bloom in

spring throughout the

southern United States.

dopamine Noun Noun: plural

dopamines

A chemical compound that

transmits nerve impulses

and is involved in the

formation of epinephrine; it

is found in the brain.

Dopamines are used in

prescription drugs to

improve depression.

dote on Phrase Fond of; like a lot about. The grandmother doted on

the child and always

brought gifts.

dubious Adjective Unsure about a result or

outcome.

It was dubious that the

property sold despite the

poor economy.

dubiously (Adv)

dubiousness (N)

ductile Adjective Capable of being made into

a wire or into very thin

sheets.

Ductile work on the air-

conditioning unit was

necessary during

construction.

ductilely (Adv)

ductileness (N)

ductility (N)

dyskenesia Noun An impairment of the

control over regular muscle

movements, that usually

result in sporadic

movements or twitches.

The doctor diagnosed the

woman with dyskenesia

after she injured her chest

muscles.

echelon Noun;

Verb (Trans

and Intrans)

Noun

Pl: echelons


Intransitive)

PT: echeloned

PP: echeloned

PresP: echeloning

3rd S: echelons

Noun

A level of influence or order

in an association or

organization.


To organize something in

or create an echelon.

The echelon of success was

reached with his

appointment as chairman of

the board.




Details




ecological systems Phrase Relating to the

environment, with a focus

on the interrelationship

between organisms and the

environmental system

Ecological systems are

easily destroyed by human

disruption or climactic

change.

effigy Noun Pl: effigies A mannequin made to

amuse or insult someone on

purpose; it is a

representation of a person

or a thing that is highly

loathed or disliked.

The radical group burned in

all the effigies of its brutal

dictator.

effluent Noun Pl: effluents Liquid waste released from

a sewage plant or other

type of industrial plant that

produces nuclear wastes.

Effluent waste from Calcutta

was carried by rivers to the

Indian Ocean.

egalitarianism Noun Pertaining to or founded on

an idea that every person is

equal and should be able to

enjoy social, and political

and equality, as well as the

same economic rights.

The egalitarianism of the

Bahia faith creates a sense

of equality among all its

members.

egregious Adjective Incredibly bad, ridiculous

or obvious.

The egregious acts of a

fraudulent accounting firm

left the company bankrupt.

egregiously (Adv)

egregiousness (N)

electromagnetic Adjective Made by or pertaining to

electromagnetism.

An electromagnetic field

was set up to prevent robots

from entering the secret

chamber.

electromagnetically

(Adv)

electron Noun Pl: electrons A negatively charged

fundamental particle with a

small mass; it is the

fundamental unit of matter

and it travel around the

nucleus of the atom.

An atom is made up of

protons, neutrons, and

electrons.

emanate Verb (Trans

and Intrans)

PT: emanated

PP: emanated

PresP: emanating

3rd S: emanates

To emerge from or out of a

person, place, or thing.

A sense of joy emanated

from the new mother's face

when she held her child.

emanative (Adj)

embalm Verb

(Trans)

PT: embalmed

PP: embalmed

PresP: embalming

3rd S: embalms

To add preservatives to a

body to prevent it from

decaying.

The Egyptian practice of

mummification involved the

embalming of the body with

chemicals.

embalmer (N)

embalmment (N)

embellish Verb

(Trans)

PT: embellished

PP: embellished

PresP: embellishing

3rd S: embellishes

Adding decorations or

ornaments in order to

intensify the beauty of

something.

The ambassador

embellished his speech with

platitudes but did not

appease the leadership.

embryo Noun Pl: embryos A baby in the mother's

womb before the end of the

eighth week, after which it

is classified as a fetus.

The embryo symbolizes the

beginning of a life.

empirical Adjective Centered on or

differentiated by

observation and experiment

instead of using theory.

Empirical data was utilized

to complete the US census.

empirically (Adv)




Details




encapsulate Verb (Trans

and Intrans)

PT: encapsulated

PP: encapsulated

PresP: encapsulating

3rd S: encapsulates

To show something in a

brief way.

Her theories encapsulate the

full range of possible

alternatives in addition to

addressing exceptions to

the rule.

encapsulation (N)

encapsulator (N)

encephalitis Noun Pl: encephalitides A viral infection that causes

the brain to swell.

After becoming infected

with encephalitis, the

woman regretted not having

gotten the vaccine.

encephalitic (Adj)

encroach Verb

(Intrans)

PT: encroached

PP: encroached

PresP: encroaching

3rd S: encroaches

To trespass or intrude

slowly or cautiously on

someone, usually taking

away the person's rights,

property, or authority.

The city's authentic center

is being encroached upon by

unappealing commercial

shopping malls.

encroacher (N)

encroachingly (Adv)

encroachment (N)

endorphin Noun Pl: endorphins A chemical compound in

the brain that uses the

same receptors that

morphine has.

Positive endorphins often

are released by the brain as

a result of good exercise.

endothermic Adjective Describes a chemical

reaction in which heat is

absorbed.

The endothermic nature of

the human body enables it

to always keep the same

body temperature despite

climactic changes.

endothermy (N)

enervation Verb

(Trans)

PT: enervated

past participle tense:

enervated

PresP: enervating

3rd S: enervates

To diminish someone's

physical, emotional, or

ethical liveliness.

The enervation induced by

the long hot summer caused

everyone to loose any

motivation to do anything.

enervation (N)

engender Verb PT: engendered

PP: engendered

PresP: engendering

3rd S: engenders

To happen or arise into

being, or make something

do so.

The engendered the values

of politeness and good

manners in their children

from a very young age.

engenderer (N)

epic Noun;

Adjective

Noun

Pl: epics

Noun

A long story-telling poem

that uses lofty language to

celebrate the adventures

and triumphs of a

legendary hero.

Adjective

Pertaining to or being an

epic.

The epic poem written by

Milton Paradise Lost is read

and treasured today.

epical (Adj)

epically (Adv)

epochal Adjective Extremely important or

meaningful.

World War II was an epochal

event in world history.

ersatz Adjective Imitating something of

superior quality; artificial.

Movie stars of the 1930s

possessed a certain glamour

and ersatz not present in

contemporary actors.

eschew Verb

(Trans)

PT: eschewed

PP: eschewed

PresP: eschewing

3rd S: eschews

To evade doing or using

something based on a

dogma.

The old man eschewed the

possibility of traveling then

decided to stay home.

eschewal (Adj)

espionage Noun Using spies to acquire

information that is secret.

Espionage and spying were

clearly acceptable during

the Cold War period.




Details




espouse Verb

(Trans)

PT: espoused

PP: espoused

PresP: espousing

3rd S: espouses

To take up or support

something as a basis or

belief.

The minister espoused the

practice of abstinence as a

clear moral choice.

espouser (N)

estrange Verb

(Trans)

PT: estranged

PP: estranged

PresP: estranging

3rd S: estranges

To make someone stop

feeling friendly or loving

toward another person,

tradition, or belief.

The two friends felt distant

and estranged after years of

separation.

estranger (N)

extrangement (N)

et al Phrase And elsewhere. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

et al were philosophers of

the classical period.

ethnocentric Adjective A faith in or assumption of

the dominance of your own

social or ethnic group.

The ethnocentric nature of

Latin American studies

appealed to the young

woman.

ethnocentric (Adj)

ethnocentrically (Adv)

ethnocentricity (N)

ethnographic Noun A section of anthropology

that concerns itself with the

explanation of cultural

groups.

Ethnographic charts

explained the percentage of

various cultural groups in

the country.

ethnographer (N)

ethnographic (Adj)

ethnographically (Adv)

ethnologist Noun Study of the comparison of

why and how cultures differ

from one another.

Ethnologists study the

effects of distinct cultures

historically and

geographically.

ethylene Noun A flammable colorless gas

contained in petroleum,

other natural gases, and

when fruit ripens.

Ethylene is an ingredient in

higher grade petroleum.

ethylenic (Adj)

etymology Noun Pl: etymologies The study of the origin of

words and how words got

their meaning.

Etymology, the study of

word origins, helps in

linguistic development.

eukaryotic Noun Pl: eukaryotes An organism that has one

or more cells and nuclei

and organelles that are

visible.

eukaryotic (Adj)

exacerbate Verb

(Trans)

PT: exacerbated

PP: exacerbated

PresP: exacerbating

3rd S: exacerbates

To worsen an already bad

or difficult situation.

The child's temper tantrum

only exacerbated the

mother's already strained

emotional state.

excise Noun;

Verb

(Trans)

Noun

Pl: excises

Verb (Transitive)

PT: excised

PP: excised

PresP: excising

3rd S: excises

Noun

Imposing a tax on products

that are sold in the

domestic market.

Verb (Trans)

To remove, delete, or edit a

piece of something .

Excise taxes were charged at

the Canadian border on

goods purchased in the

United States.

excisable (Adj)

exclusionary Adjective The act of prohibiting the

inclusion of someone or

something.

Exclusionary efforts have

always been part of

immigration law preventing

some groups from entering

the United States




Details




exigency Noun Pl: exigencies Something that a condition

needs or makes

immediately necessary and

that places pressure on the

people involved in the

situation unable to handle

the demands of a political

life.

Exigency plans need to be

considered should the

project not meet its goals.

exodus Noun Pl: exoduses An exit or departure of a

large amount of people

from a place.

The exodus of the monarch

butterfly each year from

Mexico to Texas is quite a

phenomenon.

expatriate Noun;

Adjective;

Verb

Noun

Pl: expatriates

Verb

PT: expatriated

PP: expatriated

PresP: expatriating

3rd S: expatriates

Noun

A person that has left his

home nation in order to live

or work in another nation.

Adjective

Pertaining to people that

live outside of their home

nation.


To live in another nation.

The expatriate ignored the

value of local customs and

behaviors.

expound Verb (Trans

and Intrans

PT: expounded

PP: expounded

PresP: expounding

3rd S: expounds

To explain or describe a

theory or opinion in detail

or the explanation or

description of the

significance of a written

piece of work.

The workers expounded

upon their need for benefits

at the union rally.

expounder (N)

extrapolation Noun - The use of facts that are

already known as the initial

point from where to draw

assumptions or conclusions

about an unknown thing.

The extrapolation of the

novel was performed by the

professor.

extraterrestrial Adjective;

Noun

Noun

Pl: extraterrestrials

Adjective

Stemming from or living

outside of the Earth.

Noun

An unknown creature that

supposedly lives outside of

the Earth.

Extraterrestrial existence is

deemed very likely to exist

by scientists.

extricate Verb

(Trans)

PT: extricated

PP: extricated

PresP: extricating

3rd S: extricates

To free a person or a thing

with difficulty from a

physical limitation or a

disagreeable or complex

situation.

The associate at the

investment bank tried to

extricate himself from the

scandal.

façade Noun Pl: façades The front side of a building

that shows the most

important part of that

building.

The building's façade

concealed its true state.

fall into a rut Phrase A consistent trend or track

record from which a person

cannot get out.

The man had fallen into a

rut of bad luck.




Details




farce Noun - An absurd or ridiculous

situation where all things

go wrong or turn out to be a

sham.

Farce as a dramatic form

was used by Oscar Wilde in

the early 20th century to

provoke social ridicule and

enable understanding.

far-reaching Phrase With extensive or

widespread effects,

implications, or impacts.

The belief in equal

opportunity has led to far-

reaching positive reforms.

fauna Noun Pl: faunas or faunae The total animal life or a

specific area or era.

The flora and fauna of the

Indian Ocean can be viewed

by snorkeling or scuba

diving.

faunal (Adj)

faunally (Adv)

fava Noun A plant grown all over the

world because it is able to

produces edible seeds that

are called beans.

On the Thanksgiving

holiday, the family feasts on

turkey, cranberry sauce and

fava beans.

fervent Adjective Expressing fervent or very

passionate interest.

The gentleman has long

been a fervent supporter of

the arts.

fervently (Adv)

ferventness (N)

fetal Adjective Pertaining to or typical of a

fetus.

The children dissected a

fetal pig in their Biology

class.

fid Noun Pl: fids A pole or rod that is used to

give support to the topmast

of a ship or large boat.

field studies Phrase Part of the research is

carried out outside the

laboratory.

During his field studies in

Peru, the anthropologist met

his future wife.

filibuster Noun;

Verb

Noun

Pl: filibusters

Verb

PT: filibustered

PP: filibustered

PresP: filibustering

3rd S: filibusters

Noun

1. A method used to delay

or prevent the passage of a

law or laws.

2. A person who uses

methods, like performing

lengthy speeches, to hinder

or prevent the passage of

laws.


To try and block or stop

laws from being passed by

stating long speeches.

The minority senators have

chosen to filibuster the bill

as a last effort to prevent it

coming to a vote.

filibusterer (N)

fillibusterism (N)

filibusterous (Adj)

financial crash Phrase Economic debacle; Sudden

drop in finance or economy

The financial crash of five

years ago still affects

consumer confidence today.

fjord Noun Pl: fjord An elongated narrow

coastal cove, often formed

by glaciers, with steeply

sloping sides, especially

along the west coast of

Norway.

We will have to push the

wagon across the fjord.




Details




fleck Noun;

Verb

(Trans)

Noun

Pl: flecks

Verb (Transitive)

PT: flecked

PP: flecked

PresP: flecking

3rd S: flecks

Noun

Very small dots, speck, or

streaks that are dispersed

throughout the surface or

block of something.

Verb (Trans)

To place streaks, spots, or

specks on something.

There was just a fleck of

white in the puppy's black

coat which indicate to the

breeder the dog might not

be full bred.

fledgling Noun;

Adjective

Noun

Pl: fledglings

Noun

1. A baby bird that just

developed its feathers that

are used for flying.

2. A person that is young or

lacks experience.

Adjective

Lacking experience because

the person or animal is still

in the act of learning.

The fledging business

struggled to attract

customers.

flippant Adjective Expressing a lack of

maturity that is considered

to be inappropriate.

The discussion of flippant

matters by management is

often a waste of time and

energy.

flippancy (N)

flippantly (Adv)

fly by Phrase Go by in a quick and

unrealizable way.

Time flies by.

fool around Phrase To act in a way that lacks

thought or responsibility.

His wife persisted to fool

around despite the fact that

she knew her husband was

aware of her actions

forebear Noun Pl: forebears A relative who died a very

long time ago.

My forebears were natives

of this country.

foreshorten Verb

(Trans)

PT: foreshortened

PP: foreshortened

PresP:

foreshortening

3rd S: foreshortens

1. To abridge or make the

written work shorter.

2. To make something look

shorter than it really is so

that a three dimensional

effect is created.

In order to show distance,

the artist foreshortened

figures.

formaldehyde Noun A clear gas with a particular

odor that is used in the

production of resins and

fertilizers. If the gas is

dissolved in water, then this

allows for the preservation

of organize specimens.

The fetal pigs were

preserved in formaldehyde.

fratricide Noun Pl: fratricides The killing of someone's

own brother.

The killing of someone's

own brother.

fratricidal (Adj)

freestanding Adjective Not connected to a wall,

ceiling, or other type of

structure that is commonly

used for support.

The freestanding sculpture

made quite an impression

on the viewer.




Details




fresco Noun;

Verb

(Trans)

Noun

Pl: frescoes or

frescos

Verb (Transitive)

PT: frescoed

PP: frescoed

PresP: frescoing

3rd S: frescoes

Noun

A painting created on a wall

or ceiling that has fresh

plaster on it.

Verb (Trans)

To paint a fresco on a wall

or a ceiling.

We traveled to Italy to view

some of the greatest fresco

paintings.

frescoer (N)

frescoist (N)

Freudian Adjective Pertaining to Sigmund

Freud, or is

psychoanalytical theories,

methods, or writings

Freudian notions of

psychoanalysis remain vital.

Freudianism (N)

geometrid Noun Pl: geometrids A moth with a thin body,

wide wings, and larvae that

move with a distinctive

looping movement.

Slender moths belong to the

geometrid family.

geometrid (Adj)

gibberellin Noun Pl: gibberellins A fungi and plant hormone

that causes cells, stems,

and leaves to grow.

The expert gardener

described to us the process

by which gibberelin

enhances his plant's growth.

girdle Noun;

Verb

(Trans)

Noun

Pl: girdles

Verb (Transitive)

PT: girdled

PP: girdled

PresP: girdling

3rd S: girdles

Cord or belt fastened round

the waist to keep clothes in

position; Corset

The girdle was designed to

improve a woman's figure.

gland Noun Pl: glands A group of cells or an organ

that is responsible for the

removal and excretion of

substances from the

bloodstream.

The thyroid gland directs

the growth hormones.

glandless (Adj)

glean Verb PT: gleaned

PP: gleaned

PresP: gleaning

3rd S: gleans

To accumulate small

quantities of information

gradually.

By rereading the text the

young student was able to

glean understanding.

gleaner (N)

glycerol Noun Glycerin. Glycerol is an ingredient in

many skin toner products.

GNP Abbreviation Gross National Product: the

nation's profits including

foreign assets.

The Economist reports GNP

and debt ratios of most

countries regularly.

gradient Noun;

Adjective

Noun

Pl: gradients

Noun

An upward or downward

slope.

Adjective

Sloping uniformly and

equally throughout.

The gradient on the steep

entrance forced the cars to

proceed in lower gears

grandiloquent Adjective An ostentatious or snobby

way to speak or write.

The writer waxed

grandiloquent to the press

about her new novel

grandiosity Noun Ostentatious, showy, and

pompous.

The grandiosity of the

palace made the poor

people sad and envious.




Details




gravitate Verb PT: gravitated

PP: gravitated

PresP: gravitating

3rd S: gravitates

To gradually or carefully

move toward a person as if

done due to some external

force or attraction.

The magician was

fascinating and children

gravitated toward him

gregarious Adjective Extremely friendly and

outgoing.

The gregarious and

rambunctious children were

not easy to control

gregariously (Adv)

gregariousness (N)

gynecologist Noun The area of medicine that

focuses on women's health.

The gynecologist urged

annual woman's health

visits to her office

gynecologist (N)

gyration Noun Pl: gyrations A movement in a circular

pattern around a permanent

center.

The gyration of the rock star

began with Elvis Presley.

haberdashery Noun Pl: haberdasheries The products sold by a

haberdasher or person that

sells men's clothing.

A man's clothing store is

rarely call a haberdashery in

this century.

hadron Noun Pl: hadrons A subatomic particle that is

prone to strong nuclear

interaction.

The physicist was

particularly interested in the

interactions of subatomic

particles, in particular,

hadrons.

hadronic (Adj)

hedgehog Noun Pl: hedgehogs A type of small mammal

that is native to Europe,

Africa, and Asia that has a

small cone shaped head and

round body with hard

bristles on the back.

The hedgehogs appeared

tough from a distance

despite their size.

hegemony Noun Authority or governing

influence by one person or

group over another person

or group.

The hegemony of the U.S. in

political and economic

affairs has faded.

hegemonic (Adj)

hegemonism (N)

hegemonist (N)

helium Noun An inert, colorless, and

odorless gas that is

nonflammable.

Helium balloons flew up

into the sky.

hemoglobin Noun A protein found in red

blood cells that is able to

transport oxygen because it

has iron.

The doctor treated the red

blood cell count in her

hemoglobin.

hepatitis Noun The swelling of the liver

which causes fever,

abdominal pain, jaundice,

and fragility.

Hepatitis can easily be

contracted through the

exchange of blood fluids.

herbicide Noun Pl: herbicides A chemical compound used

for the killing of weeds or

inhibition of the growth or

weeds.

Herbicides were used to

destroy the jungles.

herbicidal (Adj)

herbicidally (Adv)

hinterland Noun Pl: hinterlands An area that is isolated

from a city or ethnic

influence.

Wyoming lies in the

hinterland of economic

involvement.

hit show Phrase A show with great

popularity.

The hit show found success

many seasons ago.




Details




hominid Noun;

Adjective

Pl: hominids Noun

A primate belonging to the

same family as the current

human beings.

Adjective

Pertaining to hominids

In the classification of

species, hominids represent

the family in which human

and apes are a part.

hominization Noun The hypothesized

evolutionary progress of

human features that

separate hominids from

other primates.

Hominization is a theory

studied by evolution

specialists.

homogeneous Adjective Made up of the same

fundamental elements, or

being alike in nature.

The homogeneous nature of

the community made

anyone different stand out.

homogeneously (Adv)

homogeneousness (N)

hydrocarbon Noun Pl: hydrocarbons An organic chemical

compound that has only

hydrogen and carbon

atoms.

Hydrocarbon is a potentially

harmful molecule.

hydrocarbonaceous

(Adj)

hydrocarbonic (Adj)

hydrocarbonous (Adj)

hydrogen Noun The lightest and most

abundant chemical element

in the universe; it a

colorless and incredibly

reactive gas.

Hydrogen is a key element

in water.

hydrogenous (Adj)

hyperthermia Noun Unusually high body

temperature.

The lifeguard noticed the

blush skin of the winter

swimmer who shivered in

the water and proceeded to

treat him for hyperthermia.

hyperthermal (Adj)

hyperthermic (Adj)

hypnotist Noun The y or vertical coordinate

of a point on a graph or

diagram.

The hypnotist dazzles the

children with her magic

tricks.

hypnotism (N)

hypnotise (V)

hypnotic (Adj)

hypothalamus Noun Pl: hypothalami An area located on the

underside of the brain that

controls involuntary

functions.

The hypothalamus'

malfunction was

responsible for the child low

body temperature.

hypothalamic (Adj)

hysterectomy Noun Pl: hysterectomies A surgical removal of a

female's uterus.

In order to ensure that the

cancer would not spread the

woman chose to have a

hysterectomy

hysterectomize

(transitive verb)

ibuprofen Noun A pain-relieving and anti-

inflammatory drug that is

administered to decrease

pain and inflammation; it is

used in the treatment of

arthritis.

The doctor prescribed

ibuprofen for her pain

though she wanted

something stronger.

iconography Noun A series of symbol or

pictures that are used in a

specific area of activity and

recognized by people as

having a specific meaning.

The study of iconography

enabled the art historian to

be familiar in the Biblical

references.

iconographer (N)

iconographic (Adj)

iconographical (Adj)




Details




idioglossia Noun A defect in a child's

development where a child

replaces the different

sounds for the right

sounds, so that speech is

only able to understood by

either the parents or people

that are close to the child.

The child's idioglossia

would fade when they

entered daycare and were

forced to make themselves

understood.

idiosyncrasy Noun A specific way of feeling,

behaving, or thinking that is

usually odd or weird.

One of her idiosyncrasies

was that she only slept in

black or white nightgowns.

immune Adjective Protection from catching a

specific disease due to a

natural resistance to that

disease.

The dog was immune to

rabies.

immunological Adjective The scientific study of the

way the immune system

functions inside the body,

including allergic reactions,

immunity to diseases, and

tolerance off foreign tissue.

Immunological study has

resulted sometimes in the

discovery of vaccines.

immunologic or

immunological (Adj)

immunologically (Adv)

immunologist (N)

import relief Verb

(Trans);

Noun

Verb (Transitive)

PT: imported

PP: imported

PresP: importing

3rd S: imports

Verb (Trans)

To bring something into

this nation from another

nation for commercial

reasons.

Noun

In commerce, it is a thing

brought into this nation

from another nation for

commercial reasons.

Import relief brought

domestic producers an

increased chance at success

in local markets

in favor of Phrase Agree with. We were in favor of the

election of the mayoral

candidate.in so far as Phrase To the extent that. In so far as the belief in

slavery has been eradicated

there is no longer a legal

basis in society for its

existence.

in terms of Phrase Pertaining to something. In terms of atmosphere the

restaurant is second to

none.incandescent Adjective Heating something to a very

high temperature so that is

emits light.

The incandescent lighting

distracted the workers.

incandescently (Adv)

incandescence (N)

incipient Adjective Starting to develop or show. If ovarian cancer is caught

in its incipient stage it can

be cured.

incipience (N)

incipiently (Adv)

indelible Adjective Remaining forever because

it is impossible to be

removed.

The wine had left an

indelible stain on her shirt.

indelibility (N)

indelibly (Adv)

indenture Noun Pl: indentures A contract binding a

person, either an apprentice

or servant, to work for an

employer or master for a

predetermined time period.

The indentured servant was

forced to slave away for the

family for seven years.

indentured (Adj)

indentureship (N)




Details




indices Noun singular: index Alphabetic lists. The stock indices if

observed carefully would

explain long-term trends.

Indomethacin Noun A medication that is used to

decrease pain, swelling, and

fever.


Indomethacin for the

patient's pain.

inducement Noun Pl: inducements A thing that provides a

stimulus or incentive to a

person to do something.

The applicant was offered

$10,000 as an inducement

to sign on with the

company.

induce (transitive

verb)

inexorable Adjective Not able to be stopped. There was an inexorable rise

in rainfall in the area in the

past decade.

inexorability (N)

inexorableness (N)

inexorably (Adv)

inextricable Adjective Not possible to be freed

from.

Racism seemed to have

inextricable links with

poverty and

a lack of opportunity.

inextricability (N)

inextricableness (N)

inextricably (Adv)

infield Noun Pl: infields The region of a baseball

field that is enclosed by a

home plate and the three

other bases; known as a

baseball diamond.

The infield of the baseball

field contains bases and the

pitcher's mound.

infielder (N)

iniquitous Adjective Extremely immoral, wrong,

and painful.

Iniquitous deeds of the

dictator created a brutal

environment.

iniquitously (Adv)

iniquitousness (N)

inquisitorial Adjective Looking like a formal

inquiry.

The inquisitorial nature of

the father's questions made

the child fee suspect.

inquisitorially (Adv)

interferometer Noun Pl: interferometers A mechanical instrument

that determines wave

frequency, length, or

velocity by using

interference patterns.

An interferometer was used

to measure the length of

light waves from the star.

interferometric (Adj)

interferometrically

(Adv)

interferometry (N)

internecine Adjective Happening within a group

or other type of institution.

The internecine nature of

the police state lead to

insurgency.

interpolation Noun To place something

unnecessarily between

already existing items of

another thing.

The interpolation of the

president's speech by the

translator changed its

meaning.

interpolation (N)

interpolative (Adj)

interpolator (N)

intracellular Adjective Inside a cell or cells. Intracellular activity made

tracking of the infection

point difficult.

intracellularly (Adv)

intuit Verb

(Trans)

PT: intuited

PP: intuited

PresP: intuiting

3rd S: intuits

To be conscious of or

realize something without

learning or thinking about

it.

The psychologist was able

to intuit the patients

depression without

dialogue.

intuitable (Adj)

invertebrate Noun;

Adjective

Noun

Pl: invertebrates

Noun

An animal that does not

have a backbone.

Adjective

Not having a spinal column

or backbone.

Worms are ancient

invertebrates with no spinal

formations.

inveterate Adjective Secured in a routine or

habit.

The inveterate enemies were

unable to resolve

differences after a century.

inveteracy (N)

inveterately (Adv)

inveterateness (N)




Details




invigorate Verb

(Trans)

PT: invigorated

PP: invigorated

PresP: invigorating

3rd S: invigorates

To give energy to a person

or a thing.

To invigorate the saddened

community, a large festival

was held.

invigoration (N)

invigorative (Adj)

invigoratively (Adv)

invigorator (N)

ion Noun Pl: ions An atom that has become

electrically charged because

it either lost or gained

electrons.

Electrically charged ions

moved between two cells.

iridium Noun A silver-white metallic and

easily broken chemical

element; it creates hard rust-

resistant alloys used in a

number or different

objects.

Iridium is a white metal

often found with platinum

but not used in jewelry.

isotope Noun Pl: isotopes Having the same atomic

number as the element but

differing in the number of

neutrons.

The uranium isotope was

highly unstable.

isotopic (Adj)

jasper Noun Pl: jaspers A contaminated form of the

gemstone chalcedony; it is

red in color due to the

impurities that is contains.

She always wore a jasper

necklace which her mother

had given her.

jaspery (Adj)

juxtapose Verb

(Trans)

PT: juxtaposed

PP: juxtaposed

PresP: juxtaposing

3rd S: juxtaposes

To place things side by

side.

The concert juxtaposed

early Beethoven works and

later ones.

juxtaposition (N)

juxtapositional (Adj)

kelp Noun Pl: kelps Seaweed that is

characterized by its thick

brown fronds.

Kelp is used in some

Japanese cooking.

Keynesian Adjective A major school of economic

theory developed by

Keynes.

Keynesian economics

promotes the idea of

government spending to

create jobs and boost the

economy.

Keynesianism (N)

kinetic Adjective Pertaining to, caused by, or

making motion.

Kinetic energy drives

motion.

kinetically (Adv)

lactic Adjective Pertaining to or coming

from milk.

Lactic acid caused soreness

in the runner's muscles.

laissez-faire

capitalism

Noun The theory that states that

the best way to operate the

economy is to not regulate

private industry or the

market.

Laissez-faire capitalism has

served to create growth but

increased poverty.

laurel Noun;

Verb

(Trans)

Noun

Pl: laurels

Verb (Transitive)

PT: laureled or

laurelled

PP: laureled or

laurelled

PresP: laureling or

laurelling

3rd S: laurels

Noun

A tree or shrub whose

berries, leaves, or aroma

look like those of the laurel.

Verb (Trans)

To crown a person with a

laurel as a sign or honor.

Laurel wreaths are

representative of the

classical period.




Details




leery Adjective comparative tense:

leerier

superlative tense:

leeriest

Being suspicious of a

person or thing.

The children were told to be

leery of strangers.

leeriness (N)

lepidoptera Noun A butterfly or moth. With the classifications of

various living things,

Lepidoptera represents the

order of insects in which

butterflies lie.

lepidopteran

(adjective, noun)

lepidopterist (N)

lepidopterous (Adj)

leprosy Noun Pl: leprosies A tropical disease that

causes tissue change and

affects the skin and nerves.

Leprosy plagues many

impoverished nations.

leprotic (Adj)

leucine Noun An essential amino acid

that makes up proteins.

Leucine was one of the

essential amino acids

studied by the scientist.

leukemia Noun Pl: leukemias A blood cancer in which

there is an overproduction

of white blood cells.

Children infected with

leukemia, struggle to beat

the disease.

leukemic

(adjective, noun)

lexicographer Noun The writer or editor of

dictionaries.

The lexicographer wrote

definitions after definitions

with a great passion.

lexicography (N)

limestone Noun A rock made by the shells

and skeletons of marine

organisms and usually used

in construction.

Limestone was used to

make many of the houses in

the town.

linguist Noun Pl: linguists A person who speaks

different languages.

The linguist pursued the

study of German

intensively.

linguistics Noun The study of languages. The study of linguistics

enabled the student to

develop and understanding

of the language.

linguistician (N)

lionize Verb

(Trans)

PT: lionized

PP: lionized

PresP: lionizing

3rd S: lionizes

To treat a person as if he or

she is a celebrity or to make

a person into a celebrity.

The artist was lionized for

his achievements.

lionization (N)

lionizer (N)

lipid Noun Pl: lipids A group of organic

compounds that is made up

of fats and oils, and is part

of the fundamental

components of living cells.

Lipids represent an

essential part of cells.

lipidic (Adj)

lipoprotein Noun Pl: lipoproteins A protein carrying lipid

found in the bloodstream.

Lipoproteins distribute

essential lipids and proteins

throughout the body.

luminescence Noun The release of light without

the use of heat.

The luminescence of the sun

stunned primitive man.

luminescent (Adj)

lush Adjective 1. Making a lot of strong

plush young growth.

2. Tasting juicy, rich and

sweet.

1. plant The lush vegetation

filled the woods in the

summer. 2. luxurious The

lush apartment's

furnishings were surprising

especially considering her

poor financial situation.

lushly (Adv)

lushness (N)




Details




lymph Noun A body fluid that contains

white blood cells; it is

drained from tissue spaces

by the lymphatic system.

Lymph tissues protect

against infection.

lymphatic Adjective;

Noun

Adjective

Pertaining to lymph or the

lymph system.

Noun

A vessel that moves or has

lymph.

The lymphatic system

transports materials good

and bad throughout the

body.

lymphatically (Adv)

lymphocyte Noun Pl: lymphocytes A type of white blood cell

that creates antibodies to

fight infection and

cancerous cells in the body.

Lymphocytes are part of the

immune defense system and

fight off disease.

lymphocytic (Adj)

lysis Noun Pl: lyses Cell death due to the

disruption of the cell

membrane.

Lysis resulted in the loss of

cells.

macaque Noun A strong, short-tailed

monkey that lives in the

rocky and wooded places of

Asia and northern Africa.

macrophage Noun Pl: macrophages A large cell that removes

waste products, dangerous

microorganisms, and

foreign material from the

blood; the cell is present in

blood, lymph, and

connective tissues.

macrophagic (Adj)

maim Verb

(Trans)

PT: maimed

PP: maimed

PresP: maiming

3rd S: maims

To inflict a serious and

enduring would on a person

or an animal.

That poor fellow was

maimed by a land mine.

make allowances Phrase Allocate money or resource

for special purposes.

Making allowances for

young mothers is required

by corporations.

malady Noun Pl: maladies A mental or physical

disease or illness..

The malady was diagnosed

as rheumatoid arthritis.

mammalian Adjective A class of vertebrate

animals that are warm-

blooded.

Mammalian animals feed

their young through milk

producing organs.

marrow Noun Pl: marrows Soft red or yellow fatty

tissue that is found in the

central hollow part of the

bone.

Noun: 1. Red marrow is the

site of blood cell

production. Bone marrow is

added to pet products for

dental health.

mason Noun;

Verb

(Trans)

Noun

Pl: masons

Verb (Transitive)

PT: masoned

PP: masoned

PresP: masoning

3rd S: masons

Noun

A person that creates thing

from stone, or who

prepares stones for the use

of builders.

Verb (Trans)

To construct or reinforce

something with the use of

stone.

Stone masons built houses

in Ancient Greece that still

stand today.




Details




matrix Noun Pl: matrices or

matrixes

A substance that has things

embedded in it.

The matrix created by

masses of tissue makes it

complex to perform heart

surgery.

measly Adjective An incredibly small and

inadequate amount.

The bush yielded a measly

amount of the red berries.

meek Adjective Expression a mild or quiet

nature.

The meek child lowered his

eyes and would not

respond.

meekly (Adv)

meekness (N)

megalith Noun Pl: megaliths A very large stone that is

able to stand upright or is

part of a prehistoric

structure.

A megalith of granite

signaled the opening of a

sacred cave.

megalithic (Adj)

membrane Noun Pl: membranes A flexible and thing layer of

tissue that connects, covers,

lines, or separates different

organs in an animal or

plant.

The membrane of the

placenta is thin and porous

requiring mothers to eat to

protect properly their

unborn children.

membranaceous (Adj)

membranal (Adj)

metabolize Verb (Trans

and Intrans)

PT: metabolized

PP: metabolized

PresP: metabolizing

3rd S: metabolizes

To undergo metabolism, or

to subject a person to the

biochemical process of

metabolism.

In order to metabolize the

vitamins patients must

drink much water.

metabolizable (Adj)

metamorphose Verb PT: metamorphosed

PP: metamorphosed

PresP:

metamorphosing

3rd S:

metamorphoses

To make a person or thing

undergo or to undergo a

total or noticeable change

in structure, substance, or

physical form.

The butterfly

metamorphoses from a

fuzzy caterpillar.

meteorite Noun Pl: meteorites A rock from outer space

that has reached Earth.

Some speculate a giant

meteorite hit the earth

ending the dinosaur period.

meteorologist Noun Pl: meteorologists A person who studies the

science of weather,

meteorology.

Meteorologists study

weather patterns.

meteorology Noun The scientific study of

weather.

Meteorology is concerned

with weather and climate

patterns in this age of global

warming.

meteorological (Adj)

meteorologically (Adv)

milieu Noun The setting or environment

that a person lives in and is

influenced by.

The milieu of Berlin after

World War II was physically

and emotionally depressing.

mite Noun Pl: mites An incredibly small eight-

legged creature that is

related to spiders and ticks.

The housewife checked the

children for mites when

they returned from the

woods.

mitochondria Noun singular tense:

mitochondrion

A rod-shaped or small

round body that is found in

the cytoplasm of almost all

cells and it makes enzymes

for the making of energy

from food.

Mitochondria aid the cell in

the creation of energy from

food.

molten Adjective Transformed into a liquid

by the use of heat.

Molten lava flowed from the

active volcano.




Details




monochrome Adjective;

Noun

Noun: Pl:

monochromes

Adjective

Showing, using, or

photographed in only one

shade of color.

Noun

A black and white

photograph or

transparency.

The monochrome clothing

design was clearly in

fashion this season though

many resisted the lack of

color.

monochromic (Adj)

monochromist (N)

morphine Noun A pain-relieving drug that

is made dorm opium.

The doctor treated the

patient's chronic pain with

morphine, though he

warned that the patient

would develop an addiction.

morphogenetic Adjective The development of an

organism from embryo into

an adult.

Morphogenetic creation is

one of the miracles of

Biology

morphogenesis (N)

morphogenetically

(Adv)

morphogenic (Adj)

morphological Adjective The structure and shape of

an organism.

The morphological structure

of creatures is important in

biological research.

mosque Noun Pl: mosques A place of worship for

Muslims.

From the mosque the call

for prayer sings out five

times a day.

Mouflon Noun Pl: mouflons A wild sheep, reddish-

brown in color, that is part

of the Sardinian and

Corsican breed of sheep.

-

mutation Noun Pl: mutations A change in a gene or

chromosome due to chance

that can be inherited.

The fly was a result of a

strange mutation.

mutational (Adj)

mutationally (Adv)

mythological Adjective Pertaining to,

representative of, or

appearing in myth.

The mystical stories of

Greek gods and goddesses

still influence current

thought and literature.

mythologically (Adv)

nadir Noun Pl: nadirs The lowest possible point. He reached a nadir of

sadness when his child died

in an accident .

narcissistic Adjective Extreme selfishness and

self admiration.

The narcissistic personality

of most actors made true

friendship impossible.

natal Adjective Pertaining to birth or to the

time and location of a birth.

The prenatal care given to

mothers decreases rates of

birth defects.

NATO (North

Atlantic Treaty

Organization)

Noun An international military

alliance that was

established in 1949 to

encourage mutual defense

and collective security.

NATO's alliance may be

decreasing in power.

neologism Noun Pl: neologisms A new word, phrase or

meaning.

The variety of neologisms is

astounding.

neologist (N)

nologistic (Adj)

neologistically (Adv)




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neo-orthodoxy Noun An early 20th century

Protestant movement that

places emphasis on ethics

and the teaching of the

Bible; the movement is

associated with the

theology of Karl Barth.

That church follows the

teachings of Karl Barth and

Neo-Orthodoxy.

neoorthodo (Adj)

Neurogenesis Noun The creation and growth of

cells of the nervous system.

Neurogenesis describes the

process of the creation of

nerve cells.

neurogenetic (Adj)

neurogenetically (Adv)

neuron Noun Pl: neurons A nerve cell made up of a

cell body, axon, and

dendrites that sends nerve

impulses to other cells; it is

the fundamental unit of the

nervous system.

Neurons are one of the

particles in the nucleus of

the atoms.

neuronal (Adj)

neuronally

(neuronally)

neutrino Noun Pl: neutrino An stable elementary

neutral particle with a zero

rest mass that belongs to

the lepton family.

Subatomic particles like

neutrinos have almost no

mass.

neutron star Noun Pl: neutron stars A star made up of a very

thick and condensed mass

of neutrons, the piece of a

star that has buckled under

its own gravity.

The neutron star will burn

out soon.

nexus Noun Pl: nexus or nexuses A link that associates or

connects people or things

together.

Dallas/Ft. Worth is the

nexus for American Airlines

service to the Southwestern

parts of the U.S.

nitric Adjective Produced from or having

nitrogen.

Nitric acid sometimes is

used in explosives.

nitrogen Noun A nonmetallic, odorless,

colorless gaseous element

that makes up four fifths of

the Earth's atmosphere.

Nitrogen is the largest

component of the earth's

atmosphere.

nitrogenous (Adj)

nova Noun Pl: novas or novae A star that unexpectedly

increases its brightness and

then fades to its original

brightness over a short

period of time.

The nova's rapid increase in

brightness was captured in

satellite pictures.

Novocain Noun A local anesthetic used in

medicine and dentistry that

is a white or colorless

crystalline ester.

Dentists often use Novocain

to numb the gums of their

patients.

nucleon Noun A proton or neutron located

within a nucleus.

Nucleons made up the

nucleus of an atom.

nucleotide Noun The fundamental units of

nucleic acids.

The scientists worked

toward an understanding of

the nucleotides in RNA.




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nucleus Noun Pl: nuclei or

nucleuses

1. A central or most

important element that has

others gathered or

constructed around it.

2. The positively charged

middle region of an atom,

made up of protons and

neutrons, and contains

most of the mass of the

atom.

The nucleus of the atoms

holds protons and neutrons.

nylon Noun Pl: nylons Noun

A hard man-made material

that is used in

manufactured products.

Noun (Plural)

Women's stocking made up

of the man-made fiber

nylon.

Nylon is used to make many

fabrics.

obeisance Noun Pl: obeisances A gesture or sign

symbolizing respect or

admiration.

The obeisance of troops to

their leaders sometimes

seems extreme and

mindless.

obsidian Noun Pl: obsidians A jet-black volcanic glass

used by early civilizations

for making tools and

ceremonial objects; it is

chemically similar to

granite.

The necklace was made with

obsidian.

obsolescence Noun The condition becoming

obsolete because it is being

replaced by something that

is new.

The obsolescence of the

buildings' design made it

outdated before completion.

ocher Noun A brownish-yellow color. The ocher color of the

Moroccan influenced home

created an orange yellow

glow.

ocher (Adj)

ocherous (Adj)

ochery (Adj)

oligosaccharide Noun Pl: oligosaccharides A type of carbohydrate that

is made up of

monosaccharides that are

linked together.

The scientist studied the

effects of oligosaccharides

on the body versus other

carbohydrates.

on pain of death Phrase On pain of death the soldier

would not reveal his

comrade's location.

organelle Noun Pl: organelles A specialized piece of a cell

that has a specific function.

The students created

diagram and specified the

specialized functions of all

the organelles with the cell.

orthogenetic Noun Pl: orthogeneses An obsolete theory of

evolution that evolution can

proceed due to internal

genetic reasons, as opposed

to external forces

The shape of your children's

jaws may be orthogenetic in

its nature.

orthogenetic (Adj)

orthogenetically (Adv)




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osprey Noun Pl: ospreys or

osprey

A hawk, found worldwide,

that it characterized by

having long wings, a white

head with a dark stripe

around the eyes, and it eats

fish.

The osprey is a bird native

to Yellowstone National

Park.

outmoded Adjective Not widely used or no

longer in fashion.

The typewriter has become

outmoded as most work is

done on keyboards.

overlord Noun Pl: overlords A principal rule that as

overall power over a region.

The overlord of the dance

was honored by the other

dancers.

overlordship (N)

oxide Noun Pl: oxides A combined that contains

oxygen.

Rust on the tools was a

result of iron oxide.

pagination Noun The chronological numbers

assigned to pages in a

written document.

Pagination of the Bible was

done in Roman numerals.

paleoclimatologist Noun A person that studies

prehistoric climates using

evidence preserved in

fossils, glaciers, and rocks.

A Paleocimatologist uses

fossils to attempt

understanding of ancient

weather patterns.

Paleolithic Noun The era of the Stone Age

where the earliest humans

began to make tools.

The Paleolithic period of

human development saw

the use of simple tools.

paleontologist Noun A person who studies life in

prehistoric times with the

use of evidence obtained

from fossils.

A Wyoming paleontologist

found a complete dinosaur

skeleton.

paleontology (N)

panacea Noun Pl: panaceas A hypothetical cure for all

problems or illnesses.

A good meal is a panacea

for a hungry stomach and

an disturbed spirit.

panacean (Adj)

parallax Noun An obvious change in the

position of an object when

the person changes his

position.

The parallax of the wild

horses seemed to change as

the rider mounted another

hill.

parallactic (Adj)

parallactically (Adv)

parapsychology Noun The study of mental

phenomena that is not able

to be explained.

The new age philosopher

used an unproven method

of parapsychology to

control the crowd.

parapsychologic (Adj)

parapsychologist (N)

pare Verb

(Trans)

PT: pared

PP: pared

PresP: paring

3rd S: pares

To thinly and neatly get rid

of the outermost layer or

skin of a fruit or vegetable.

The old mother pared the

apples for dessert with a

small knife.

passbook Noun Pl: passbooks A book where money

transactions are recorded.

The passbook allowed

twenty free admissions to

the museum.pathogenic Adjective Capable of causing disease. The pathogenic nature of

the bacteria created fever

and long term malaise.

pecuniary Adjective Pertaining to or involving

money.

Pertaining to or involving

money.

pecuniarily (Adv)

pedagogical Noun The profession or science

of teaching.

A pedagogical approach to

training made the

employees feel they were

back in school.

pedagogic (Adj)

pedagogical (Adj)

pedagogically (Adv)




Details




penitentiary Noun;

Adjective

Noun

Pl: penitentiaries

Noun

A person who has been

found guilty of a serious

crime.

Adjective

Pertaining to penance.

The criminal was sentenced

to ten years in the federal

penitentiary.

penny-pinch Verb To be very stingy or

extremely careful with his

or her money.

The penny-pinching ways of

the old miser were written

of in A Christmas Carol.

peptide Noun Pl: peptides A compound with amino

acids that have bonds

between the carboxyl and

amino groups.

Peptide bonds at the cellular

level are the primary

linkages in proteins.

peptidic (Adj)

perfunctory Adjective Done routinely without

attention, thought, or

legitimate feeling.

Her perfunctory reply to the

complex question left the

young student dismayed.

perfunctorily (Adv)

perfunctoriness (N)

periwinkle Noun;

Adjective

Noun

A trailing evergreen plant,

native to Europe and Asia,

with dark green glossy

leaves and white or blue

flowers.

Adjective

Having a pale bluish purple

color.

The blue of her eye was the

color of periwinkle

blossoms.

pernicious Adjective Tending to cause serious

harm, damage, or death.

The pernicious gossip in the

small town poisoned the

very air of the village.

perniciously (Adv)

perrniciousness (N)

phagocytosis Noun The swallowing up and

eating of a foreign particles

by phagocytic cells.

Phagocytosis is a process

that could be used the

body's fight against cancer

cells.

phagocytotic (Adj)

phonograph Noun Pl: phonographs A machine that plays

records.

The old fashioned

phonograph play recordings

in the antique store.

phosphate Noun Pl: phosphates A salt or ester derived from

the reaction of phosphoric

acid with either a metal,

alcohol, or radical of

phosphoric acid.

Phosphate was once used to

affect a glow in the

darkness.

phosphatic (Adj)

photon Noun Pl: photons A quantum of any form of

electromagnetic radiation

that has both particle and

wave like properties.

The study of photons has

influenced the

understanding of the nature

of light.

photonic (Adj)

photosynthesis Noun The production of

carbohydrates by green

plants using the sun and

the plant's chlorophyll.

Photosynthesis is the

process through which the

sunflowers fed their growth.

photosynthetic (Adj)

photosynthetically

(Adv)

pituitary Adjective Pertaining to or made by

the pituitary gland.

The pituitary gland seemed

to control mood swings in

women.

plasma Noun Pl: plasmas A translucent fluid yellow

in color that is a component

of human milk, blood, or

lymph.

Blood banks are necessary

in disasters for buying and

selling human plasma.

plasmatic (Adj)




Details




pleiotropic Adjective One single gene controls

two or more apparently

unrelated features of the

same organism.

The pleiotropic property of

certain genes confounded

scientists for decades.

Pleistocene Noun Pertaining to or used in the

description of the

Quaternary Period

in the Cenozoic Era.

During the Pleistocene

period great ice sheets

covered the earth.

plumb Noun;

Adverb;

Adjective;

Verb

(Trans)

Noun

Pl: plumbs

Verb (Transitive)

PT: plumbed

PP: plumbed

PresP: plumbing

3rd S: plumbs

Noun

A lead weight that is

attached to a line and is

used to determine the

depth of water.

Adverb

Precisely or exactly.

Adjective

In a precise vertical

alignment.

Verb (Trans)

To understand something

to the fullest degree.

To plumb the depths of the

Arctic Ocean was the

explorers dream.

plummet Verb

(Intrans);

Noun

Verb (Intransitive)

PT: plummeted

PP: plummeted

PresP: plummeting

3rd S: plummets

Noun

Pl: plummets

Verb (Intransitive)

To drop steeply and in a

sudden downward motion.

Noun

A sudden decrease in

quantity or worth.

The skydiver plummeted to

the earth when his chute

failed to open.

plutonium Noun A radioactive metallic

element that is silver in

color and is found in

uranium ores.

Plutonium is the rare

mineral added to nuclear

material to create a third

nuclear device.

plywood Noun A construction material

made by the gluing of

several layers of wood on

top of each other.

Plywood is a bestseller at

Home Depot replacing

expensive real woods for

house framing.

poacher Noun Pl: poachers A person that trespasses on

another person's property

and practices illegal

hunting or fishing.

The elephant poacher

illegally entered the park to

kill two elephants

unbeknownst to authority.

polarity Noun Pl: polarities A situation in which people

or things have extreme

differences.

The liberal and conservative

members represented a

broad polarity of issues that

could not be bridged.

polyarchy Noun A political system in which

more than one leaders

share the ruling power.

Four men ruled as equals in

the science fiction story of a

polyarchy.

polymorph Noun Pl: polymorphs An organism, either a plant

or animal, that takes many

different shapes.

The art world polymorphs

and evolves constantly to

meet new social concepts.

polymorphic (Adj)

polymorphism (N)

portend Verb

(Trans)

PT: portended

PP: portended

PresP: portending

3rd S: portends

To be an omen of

something that will happen.

The dark prophesy portends

the beginnings of the

downfall of nations.




Details




post structuralism Noun An intellectual movement

stemming from

structuralism but

questioning the

foundations upon which the

structures of society,

language, and norms have

been developed.

Post structuralism reflects

ideas developed by

sociologists of the 20th

Century.

precipitously Adverb 1. Completed or acted on

too quickly and in a rash

manner.

2. Extremely steep and high.

Crime has precipitously

risen in rural communities.

predicament Noun Pl: predicaments A disagreeable, hard, or

awkward situation in which

there is no easy way out.

The parents ugly divorce

and consistent fighting put

the children in a rough

predicament.

preponderance Noun The majority. There is a preponderance of

research that suggests

obesity is caused by a lack

of exercise.

pressboard Noun Pl: pressboards A heavy varnished

composition board.

Home Depot sells

pressboard made of

compressed scraps of other

lumbers.

probate Noun:

Verb

(Trans)

Noun

Pl: probates

Verb (Transitive)

PT: probated

PP: probated

PresP: probating

3rd S: probates

Noun

The legal or official proof of

authenticity of a will.

Verb (Trans)

To certify legally that a will

is authentic.

Lawyers must analyze the

estate before granting

probate.

profitability Noun Generating a financial

profit.

The profitability of the

restaurant declined as

volume decreased.

profitableness (N)

profitably (Adv)

prokaryotic Noun An organism that does not

have a nucleus.

The prokaryotic organisms

like bacteria lack a cellular

nucleus.

prokaryotic (Adj)

promulgate Verb

(Trans)

PT: promulgated

PP: promulgated

PresP: promulgating

3rd S: promulgates

To official declare or

proclaim something.

The minister would

promulgate the gospel in

the church every Sunday.

promulgation (N)

promulgator (N)

propitious Adjective Encouraging and likely to

bring success.

The propitious moment

indicated that all parties

would agree and the venture

would go through.

propitiously (Adv)

propitiousness (N)

propound Verb

(Trans)

PT: propounded

PP: propounded

PresP: propounding

3rd S: propounds

Put something forward for

consideration or solution.

He propounds his idea on

social reform throughout

the college campuses.

propounder (N)

prosaic Adjective lacking features that are

either interesting or

imaginative.

The prosaic conversation

between the couple bored

them.

prosaically (Adv)

prosaicness (N)




Details




prostaglandin Noun Pl: prostaglandins A mammalian hormone that

controls muscle

contraction, body

temperature, inflammation,

and blood pressure.

As a result of trauma, the

young man body increased

its production of the

prostaglandin hormone.

prostatectomy Noun Pl: prostatectomies The surgical removal of a

piece or the entire prostate

gland.

Prostate cancer forced the

man to have a

prostatectomy.

protégé Noun Pl: protégés A young person who id

trained by a more

experienced and usually

older person.

The famous artist's protégé

mastered certain elements

of the painters style, but

still the works were not

quite the same.

protein Noun Pl: proteins A complex natural

compound that is made up

of amino acids that are

linked together; it is an

essential component of all

living cells and viruses.

Protein found in beef,

chicken, fish and nuts is

part of a healthy diet.

proteinaceous (Adj)

proteinic (Adj)

proteinous (Adj)

protocol Noun;

Verb

Noun

Pl: protocols

Verb

PT: protocoled

PP: protocoled

PresP: protocoling

3rd S: protocols

Noun

The formal rules of

appropriate or proper

behavior.


To issue or put together a

protocol.

The dress protocol at the

benefit party was black tie.

proton Noun Pl: protons A fundamental elementary

particle in all atomic nuclei

that has a positive charge.

The atom is made up of

positively charged protons,

negatively charged electrons

and neutral neutrons.

protonic (Adj)

protonically (Adv)

protoplasm Noun The colorless liquid found

in a living cell; it is made up

of proteins, fats, and other

reorganize substances.

In Biology class the students

observed the clear

protoplasm under

microscopes.

protoplasmic (Adj)

provenance Noun The location of origin of

something.

The provenance of the

carpet was said to be

Uzbekistan.

prowl Verb;

Noun

Verb

PT: prowled

PP: prowled

PresP: prowling

3rd S: prowls


To wander around an area

in a secretive way in search

of food or prey.

Noun

The acting of wandering

around an area in a

secretive way to search for

food or prey.

The wolf prowled the field.

prudery Noun Pl: prudes A person who is easily

offended by sexual content.

Her prudery amongst close

friends was annoying.

prudery (N)

prudishness (N)

prudish (Adj)

prudishly (Adv)

pseudonym Noun Pl: pseudonyms A false name, usually used

by an author when he wants

to conceal his true identity.

Many writers adopt

pseudonyms to prevent the

revealing of their real

names.

pseudonymity (N)

pseudonymous (Adj)




Details




pseudoscience Noun A method or theory thought

to be scientific when in

reality it is not.

The social sciences are

considered by some to be

pseudoscience.

pseudoscientific (Adj)

pseudoscientist (N)

psychoactive Adjective Describing drugs or

medication that affect a

person's mood or behavior.

The medication can have

psychoactive side effects.

psychopath Noun Pl: psychopaths An offensive term used to

describe a person that has a

personality disorder in

which the person acts in an

aggressive, violent, or

antisocial behavior.

The grotesque nature of the

murders indicated that they

were committed by a

psychopath.

adjective

(psychopathic)

psychopatically (Adv)

psychosis Noun Pl: psychoses A psychiatric disorder in

which there is a loss of

contact with the real world.

Unable to leave his house

for fear of the world, he

suffered from psychosis.

psychotherapy Noun The psychological

treatment of mental

disorders.

Many who engage in

psychotherapy have found

results to be encouraging.

psychotherapeutic

(Adj)

psychotherapeutically

(Adv)

psychotherapist (N)

pterosaur Noun Pl: pterosaurs An extinct reptile of the

Triassic, Jurassic, and

Cretaceous that is

characterized by having

membranous wings that

allowed it to fly.

Pterosaurs which once flew

over this valley are now

extinct.

pulsar Noun Pl: pulsars A small intense star that

gives off forceful bursts of

visible radiation, radio

waves, and X-rays.

The pulsar sent out radio

waves which were detected

by astronomers.

punitive Adjective Pertaining to, performed as,

or imposed as a

punishment.

The city took punitive

action against those with

unpaid parking tickets.

punitively (Adv)

punitiveness (N)

pupation Verb

(Intrans)

PT: pupated

PP: pupated

PresP: pupating

3rd S: pupates

To mature into a pupa from

a larva.

The stage of pupation in

insects is one of the most

fascinating to study.

pupation (N)

Quaker Noun Pl: Quakers A Christian denomination

that is a member of the

Society of Friends; the

denomination rejects

formal sacraments, creed,

and ministry and is

committed to the peaceful

resolution of conflicts.

Quakers founded this

college.

quanta Noun The smallest distinct

quantity of a physical

feature.

The physicist spend years

studying tiny quantas of

energy.

quasar Noun Pl: quasars A small object in space that

releases large amounts of

energy.

The quasar from satellite

pictures would be seen to

give off a great light.

quintessential Adjective The most perfect or pure

example or

embodiment of something.

The vehicle was a

quintessential

example of what a car can

be.




Details




rabble Noun An unruly or noisy group of

people.

His speech caused a rabble

within

the auditorium.

radiometric Noun

Adverb;

Adjective

Noun

Pl: radiometers

An instrument used in the

detection and measurement

of radiant energy.

Radiometric devices are

used in warfare to

determine enemy position.

radiometric (Adj)

radiometrically(Adv)

radiometry (N)

radon Noun A gaseous radioactive

element, used in

radiotherapy, that is

created when radium

decays.

The radon in rock and soil

accounts for most of normal

background radiation. In

heavier concentrations,

however, sometimes

detected inside homes, it is

thought to pose a risk of

cancer. Radon was detected

at a site used to test atomic

weapons.

ragtime Noun A style of music that is

characterized by having

distinct syncopated right-

hand rhythms placed

against a regularly accented

left-hand beat.

The ragtime pianist played

nightly at a New Orleans

club.

rancher Noun A person who either owns

or manages a ranch.

Ranchers are especially busy

in the spring when new

calves are born.

rationale Noun The reasons or principles

behind a specific statement

or course of action.

The rationale behind a new

immigration policy was

explained by the politician.

ravenous Adjective Tremendously hungry. The young man was

ravenous after being lost in

the desert without supplies.

ravenously (Adv)

ravenousness (N)

rebut Verb PT: rebutted

PP: rebutted

PresP: rebutting

3rd S: rebuts

To refute or deny the truth

behind something.

The attorney attempted to

rebut the argument put

forward by the prosecution.

rebuttable (Adj)

rebuttal (N)

reclamation Noun The conversion of land

from being unusable to

being suitable for farming

or other uses.

A reclamation of forest land

was declared by the

government after long term

use by the timber industry.

recoup Verb To make up for something

lost. To regain.

In order to recoup losses

the investor decided to put

his money only in

conservative stocks.

recoupable (Adj)

recoupment (N)

recur Verb

(Intrans)

To occur repeatedly or once

again.

The drought continued to

recur for a period of ten

years destroying

agricultural production.

referendum Noun Pl: referendum A vote by the entire

population of the electorate

on a specific question or

questions.

A referendum was called on

the question of the

governor's impeachment.

regressive Adjective Returning to an earlier, less

developed way of acting.

Regressive development is

often seen in young children

after an additional child is

born.




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rehash Noun;

Verb

(Trans)

Noun

Pl: rehashes

Verb (Transitive)

PT: rehashed

PP: rehashed

PresP: rehashing

3rd S: rehashes

Verb (Trans)

To repeat and reuse

something by making only a

couple of small changes

without actually

introducing anything new.

Noun

An annoying reuse of old

ideas.

The two friends continued

to rehash old memories long

into the night.

relinquish Verb

(Trans)

PT: relinquished

PP: relinquished

PresP: relinquishing

3rd S: relinquishes

To give up or cede

something.

The man relinquished

possession of his home

after it was sold.

relinquisher (N)

reliquishment (N)

REM Noun Rapid Eye

Movement

Jerky movements of the

eyeball while one is asleep

indicative of dreaming.

REM movements were

detected in the subject after

he was deeply asleep.

rendition Noun Noun Pl: renditions A new version or

interpretation of literature

or art.

The rendition of the song

was not as memorable as

the original version.

repertoire Noun Pl: repertoires A collection of artistic

material.

A repertoire of songs from

the sixties was played by

the band.

repository Noun Pl: repositories 1. A container used for

storage.

2. A person who is

extremely knowledgeable.

The book repository was the

site of the Kennedy

assassination.

repudiation Noun Pl: repudiations The act of rejecting

something.

The repudiation of guilt was

not accepted and the case

was set for trial.

repudiationist (N)

respire Verb PT: respired

PP: respired

PresP: respiring

3rd S: respires

To breathe. To respire easily the lungs

must be healthy and the air

clean.

restitution Noun 1. Returning something

2. Returning to original

condition.

Restitution was required for

the crime of defrauding

stockholders

restitutive (Adj)

restitutory (Adj)

retaliation Noun To hurt someone in

response for what he or she

has done.

Retaliation for rape was

once taken in gold.

retaliation (N)

retaliative (Adj)

retaliatory (Adj)

rhetoric Noun 1. Persuasive speech or

writing.

2. Complex language that

sounds pretentious.

3. Skill with language.

4. Study of writing or

speaking effectively.

5. Fine-sounding but

insincere or empty

language.

Political rhetoric filled the

television airways during

the presidential campaign.

rheumatoid Adjective Relating to or affected with

rheumatism.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a

debilitating disease.

rheumatoidally(Adv)

rhinoceros Noun Pl: rhinoceroses or

rhinoceros or

rhinoceri

Massive horned mammal

with a thick skin and one or

two horns on its snout.

The horn of the rhinoceros

is said to contain an

aphrodisiac.

rhinocerotic (Adj)




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rhinovirus Noun Pl: rhinoviruses Virus that causes colds. Rhinovirus spread quickly

through the school district.

rhythmical Adjective With a regularly recurring

pattern or beat.

The rhythmical beating of

the drum called the villagers

to meet.

rhythmically (Adv)

rhythmicity (N)

rough-hewn Adjective Cut or shaped roughly and

unsmoothed, crudely made.

Rough-hewn logs were used

to create a rustic exterior on

the cabin.sacralization Noun Pl: sacraments In Christianity, a rite to

bring grace to those

participating in or receiving

it.

Sacralization ceremonies are

part of the daily mass in the

Catholic church.

salable Adjective Suitable for selling. Salable items were placed

on tables at the garage sale.

salability (N)

salableness (N)

salably (Adv)

salience Noun 1. The quality of being

particularly important.

2. A particularly important

or striking feature.

The salience of the new

ambassador contributed to

his importance.

sanitarium Noun Pl: sanitariums or

sanitaria

A medical facility where

people affected by long-

term illnesses can receive

treatment or recuperate.

The young woman spent

two years in a sanitarium

recovering from mental

health issues.

schistosomiasis Noun A disease caused by blood

infection with a parasitic

flatworm (schistosome).

Schistosomias is carried by

bat dung and spelunkers

can be infected.

scintillate Verb PT: scintillated

PP: scintillated

PresP: scintillating

3rd S: scintillates

1. To give off or reflect light

in sparks or flashes.

2. To be dazzlingly lively,

clever, or witty.

Glitter makeup helps young

women look scintillating in

the night light.

scintillant (Adj)

scour Verb;

Noun

Verb

PT: scoured

PP: scoured

PresP: scouring

3rd S: scours

Noun

Pl: scours

To clean or brighten

something by rubbing it

with an abrasive substance

or material.

The dishwasher had to

scour burnt pots for hours

to make them clean.

scourer (N)

scrupulous Adjective 1. Having careful regard for

what is morally right.

2. Rigorously precise and

exact.

The executive insisted his

employees engage in

scrupulous ethical behavior.

scrupulosity (N)

scrupulousness (N)

scrupulously (Adv)

scurrilous Adjective 1. Containing abusive

language or defamatory

allegations.

2. Using or containing

course, vulgar, or obscene

language.

3. Behaving in ways thought

to be evil or immoral.

Scurrilous and offensive

language is often included

in rap lyrics.

scurrilously (Adv)

scurrilousness (N)

seance Noun Pl: seances A meeting at which a

spiritualist attempts to

communicate with the dead.

The fortune teller held a

séance to bring back the

spirits of dead relatives.

secretion Noun Pl: secretions A substance formed and

discharged by a cell, tissue,

gland, or organ.

Secretions from the flowers

caused a rash on the

gardener's hand.

secretionary (Adj)




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seismic Adjective 1. Relating to or caused by

an earthquake.

2. Extremely large or great.

Seismic tremors under the

fault line indicated an

earthquake was possible.

seismically (Adv)

seismologist Noun One who engages in the

scientific study of

earthquakes.

Seismologists study

earthquake patterns across

the world.

semiconductor Noun Pl: semiconductors A solid that has electrical

conductivity between that

of a conductor and an

insulator.

Semiconductors are used for

research in aerospace

engineering.

semiconducting (Adj)

semicodutive (Adj)

semiconduction (N)

semiconductivity (N)

seminal Adjective Highly original and

influential.

A seminal book on the new

China attracted many

academics and much

acclaim.

seminality (N)

semiotic Adjective Relating to signs or

symbols, especially in

speech or writing.

The semiotic writing of

early Egyptians is called

hieroglyphics.

sentient Adjective 1. Capable of feeling and

perception.

2. Capable of responding

with feeling.

Though the priest was

highly spiritual he was a

sentient man capable of

warmth and understanding.

sentiently (Adv)

sentinel Noun;

Verb

(Trans)

Noun

Pl: sentinels

Verb (Transitive)

PT: sentineled

PP: sentineled

PresP: sentineling

3rd S: sentinels

A sentry, somebody who is

assigned the duty of

keeping guard.

A sentinel guarded the

camp at night maintaining a

watch for enemy activity.

Seoul Noun The capital city of South

Korea.

The city of Seoul lies close

to the North Korean border.

sermonize Verb PT: sermonized

PP: sermonized

PresP: sermonizing

3rd S: sermonizes

Lecture about behavior. The minister sermonized

about lessons from the

Bible.

sermonizer (N)

serotonin Noun Neurotransmitter chemical. A high level of serotonin is

usually found in happy

people.

sickle Noun;

Verb;

Adjective

Noun

Pl: sickles

Verb

PT: sickled

PP: sickled

PresP: sickling

3rd S: sickles

A tool used for cutting

grass usually during

farming.

Ancient farmers used the

curved sickle to harvest

grains.

sidestep Verb Verb (Transitive)

PT: sidestepped

PP: sidestepped

PresP: sidestepping

3rd S: sidesteps

Noun

Pl: sidesteps

Step aside. In order to sidestep the

mess created by the sheep

the farmer went around

their pasture.

sidesteppern (N)




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siege Noun;

Verb

(Trans)

Noun

Pl: sieges

Verb (Transitive)

PT: seiged

PP: sieged

PresP: sieging

3rd S: sieges

Military operation in which

they surround a place to

force surrender.

The siege of the city was

successful and it fell after a

month.

silicone Noun Silicon-based compound Silicone implants are used

to maximize breast size in

women.

sinusitis Noun Inflammation of sinus. Sinusitis affected the

patient's ability to breathe.

smallpox Noun A viral disease that is

highly contagious which is

marked by high fever and

the formation of welts.

Smallpox was one of the

European diseases that

wiped out millions of native

Americans.

smite Verb PT: smote

PP: smitten or smote

PresP: smiting

3rd S: smites

1. Hit someone.

2. To fill someone with love.

The priest will smite the

wicked with the acts of his

god.

snapdragon Noun Pl: snapdragons A garden flower. The garden was filled in the

fall with snapdragons and

zinnias.

sodium Noun A chemical element that is

found in abundance on the

earth.

Sodium can collected in salt

lakes.

sojourn Noun;

Verb

(Intrans)

Verb (Intransitive)

PT: sojourned

PP: sojourned

PresP: sojourning

3rd S: sojourns

A short stay. A brief sojourn to the beach

relieved the summer heat.

solvency Noun Ability to afford what must

be spent.

The solvency of the small

business was an issue when

the owners requested a

bank loan.

somatic Adjective Something that affects the

body.

The spa offered somatic

remedies for physical

ailments.

somatically (Adv)

spate Noun Pl: spates Flood. Large supply of

something.

There was a spate of

demonstrations after the

neighborhood learned of the

new ordinances.

specter Noun Pl: specters A ghost or apparition. The specter of greed

haunted Scrooge in the

Christmas Carol.

spectrum Noun Pl: spectra or

spectrums

1. Distribution of colored

light.

2. Any range.

The designer choose from a

spectrum of colors,

particular shades of grey.

speculative fever Adjective Compulsive conjecture. Speculative fever inspired

the California Gold rush of

1849.

spew Verb PT: spewed

PP: spewed

PresP: spewing

3rd S: spews

1. To vomit.

2. To force something out.

Please do not spew out your

dinner despite your

discomfort.

spewer (N)




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spherule Noun Pl: spherules A minute or tiny sphere. The spherule created by the

student to represent the

nucleus of an atom received

a variety of awards.

spherular (Adj)

splinter Noun;

Verb

Noun

Pl: splinters

Verb

PT: splintered

PP: splintered

PresP: splintering

3rd S: splinters

A sharp fragment. Will the union splinter into

several factions?

splintery (Adj)

stark Adjective;

Adverb

Adjective

comparative: starker

superlative: starkest

1. Desolate.

2.Completely bare.

The stark room lacked any

furniture.

starkly (Adv)

starkness (N)

startling Adjective Surprising or alarming. The acceptance to Harvard

Business School came as a

startling surprise to the

young man.

startlingly (Adv)

statutory Adjective Relating to a statute. The statutory crime was

prosecuted by the district

attorney.

statutorily (Adv)

stave Noun;

Verb

Noun

Pl: staves

Verb

PT: staved or stove

PP: staved

PresP: staving

3rd S: staves

1. A thin piece of wood.

2. To break a hole in an

object.

In order to stave off an

injection, the mother

applied antibiotic ointment

to the child's wounds.

steerage Noun The cheapest

accommodations on a ship.

After finishing college, we

jumped aboard a cargo ship

and slept in the steerage.

steppe Noun Pl: steppes A vast and extensive

treeless plain.

The steppe extends for

thousands of kilometers.

stinkwood Noun Pl: stinkwoods or

stinkwood

Tree with foul-smelling

wood.

We often wood that from

that tree stinkwood because

of its unpleasant odor.

strata Noun Plural of stratum Parallel layers. The company was separated

into various strata.

stratal (Adj)

stratigraphical Noun Pl: stratigraphies The study of origin,

composition, and

development of rock strata.

Stratigraphical notions of

the origins of this canyon

are remarkably thorough

and fascinating.

stratigrapher (N)

stratigraphist (N)

stratosphere Noun Part of the Earth's

atmosphere.

The stratosphere is one of

the layers of protection of

the earth against the sun.

strep throat Noun A sore throat that is

accompanied by fever and

inflammation.

Strep throat can easily be

diagnosed by a simple test.

streptomycin Noun An antibiotic used for

tuberculosis.


streptomycin, but it had

little affect on the patient's

illness.




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stultify Verb

(Trans)

PT: stultified

PP: stultified

PresP: stultifying

3rd S: stultifies

1. Decrease interest.

2. Make someone seems

stupid.

The environment

unfortunately stultified the

child's growth.

stultification (N)

stultifier (N)

subsidiary Adjective;

Noun

Noun

Pl: subsidiaries

Secondary or subordinate in

importance.

The subsidiary firms

developed from the large

corporation to hand specific

client needs.

subsidiarily (Adv)

subsidiariness (N)

subsidize Verb

(Trans)

PT: subsidized

PP: subsidized

PresP: subsidizing

3rd S: subsidizes

To give or contribute

money.

Farmers had long been

subsidized by the

government.

subsidizable (Adj)

subsidization (N)

subsidizer (N)

substrate Noun Pl: substrates Something that is acted

upon in a biochemical

reaction.

In Biochemistry, the

students studied the way in

which substrates were acted

upon by enzymes

subterfuge Noun Pl: subterfuges A plan that is meant to

deceive.

By subterfuge, you

discovered my secret.

sulfur Noun A yellow nonmetallic

element that is used to

make matches, gunpowder

and sulfuric acid.

Sulfur springs often carry

the odor of rotten eggs but

also speak of their healing

nature.

sulfur (Adj)

sulfury (Adj)

sulphate Noun Compound of sulphuric

acid and another chemical.

Sulphate chemicals are used

in many industrial plants.

supernova Noun Pl: supernovae or

supernovas

An exploding star. Astronauts studied the

development of supernova

with the use of satellites.

supplicant Noun;

Adjective

Noun

Pl: supplicants

A petitioner who addresses

a heartfelt plea to someone

of power.

The lone supplicant pleaded

to god for mercy.

supplicatory (Adj)

suppressant Noun Pl: suppressants Something that suppresses

something else.

An appetite suppressant

was used to decrease the

patient's desire to eat

during their recovery.

synthetase Noun Synthetase also known as

ligase is an important

enzyme in the body.

take issue with Phrase Discuss about something

vigorously.

I must take issue with the

way you treat your

subordinates.tamarind Noun Pl: tamarinds A tropical evergreen tree. Tamarinds are exported

from island nations.

tardive dyskinesin Phrase A medical condition

characterized by

involuntary movements of

facial muscles.

tartan Noun Pl: tartans A Scottish wool fabric. They used tartan patterns to

design the kilt.

technocrat Noun Pl: technocrats A bureaucrat who is also

educated in a form of

technology.

The technocrats advocated a

new program that would be

more efficient than the

current one.

technocratic (Adj)

tektite Noun Pl: tektites A small dark glassy rock. Tektites used in making

jewels have been found in

parts of Central Europe.




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temblor Noun Pl: temblors An earthquake or tremor. The temblor shook the

island and toppled many

buildings.

temperance Noun Abstinence or refraining

from consuming alcohol.

The temperance movements

in United States grew

powerful in the early 20th

century.

tempo Noun Pl: tempi or tempos A musical piece's speed. To keep up with the tempo

of the current economy, the

company needed to hire

more workers and increase

productivity.

tenet Noun Pl: tenets Something that is accepted

as truth or a set of beliefs.

The major tenet of our

company policy towards our

workers is that happy

employees will to their job

better than unhappy ones.

terra-cotta Adjective Of a brownish red color. Our pots and our tiles are

made from terracotta.

terse Adjective comparative: terser

superlative: tersest

Abrupt and unfriendly. The terse remarks made by

the speaker left the

audience rather

disappointed.

tersely (Adv)

terseness (N)

the Bering sea Noun A part of the North Pacific

Ocean between Alaska and

Eastern Russia.

The Bering Sea was crossed

by humans and animals

during an Ice Age years ago.

the Federal

Reserve Bank

Noun Pl: Federal Reserve

Banks

One of the 12 reserve banks

that regulate affiliated

banks in a Federal Reserve

District in the US.

The Federal Reserve

increased interest rates

today as the government

seems to be recovering from

its recession.

the Great Lakes Noun A group of five large fresh-

water lakes between Canada

and the US.

The Great Lakes which

border Canada and the US

are full of fish.

the Parthenon Noun Athena's temple on the

Acropolis in Athens,

Greece.

The Parthenon sits atop the

city of Athens and draws

millions of visitors a year.

the Warsaw Pact Phrase The Warsaw Pact resulted in

the granting of huge amount

of territory to the Soviet

Union following World War

II.

throttle Noun; Verb

(Trans)

Noun

Pl: throttles

Verb (Transitive)

PT: throttled

PP: throttled

PresP: throttling

3rd S: throttles

A valve that controls the

flow of fluids such as fuel.

Pilots use the throttle to

cause the plane to go higher

and come down.

throttler (N)

thwart Verb;

Noun

Verb

PT: thwarted

PP: thwarted

PresP: thwarting

3rd S: thwarts

Noun

Pl: thwarts

1. To stop someone or

something from succeeding.

2. Extending across.

The soldier's mission was

thwarted by bad weather

and a lack of good visibility.

thwartedly (Adv)

thwarter (N)




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thyroid Noun;

Adjective

Noun

Pl: thyroids

Thyroid gland. Without the thyroid gland,

children wouldn't grow.

tinge Noun;

Verb

(Trans)

Verb (Transitive)

PT: tinged

PP: tinged

PresP: tingeing or

tinging

3rd S: tinges

A slight amount of

something.

There was a tinge of regret

in his voice when he

resigned from his position.

tinker Noun;

Verb

(Trans)

Verb (Intransitive)

PT: tinkered

PP: tinkered

PresP: tinkering

3rd S: tinkers

1. Someone who traveled

from place to place,

mending metal items.

2. To fiddle with something.

1. (make changes) We will

have to tinker with some of

our figures before

submitting a final proposal

to the board.

tinkerer (N)

tonality Noun Quality of the tone. The composer emphasized

tonality in each of his

works.tonsillectomy Noun Pl: tonsillectomies The surgical removal of the

tonsils.

After weeks of a sore throat

and inflamed tonsils, the

child went in to the

operating room for a

tonsillectomy.

topographical Noun Pl: topographies A map that shows surface

features such as mountains,

rivers and roads.

The topographical map

displayed the altitude and

terrain of the forested

preserve.

topographer (N)

topographic (Adj)

topographical

topographically (Adv)

topple Verb PT: toppled

PP: toppled

PresP: toppling

3rd S: topples

To make something fall. The stock market toppled

after news of increased

unemployment levels hit the

market.

totalitarian Adjective;

Noun

Noun

Pl: totalitarians

A centralized or dictatorial

government.

Many political science

experts describe the Soviet

Union in the period of Stalin

as a totalitarian regime.

totalitarianism (N)

tout Verb;

Noun

Verb

PT: touted

PP: touted

PresP: touting

3rd S: touts

Noun

Pl: touts

1. To attract support.

2. To praise someone,

something, or a cause.

1.(make known) The grocery

stores touted their superior

service and high quality

products. 2. (sell

unofficially) The scalpers

touted basketball tickets at

rate triple that of the box

office.

touter (N)

tracheotomy Noun Pl: tracheotomies A medical procedure which

includes an incision

through the neck into the

trachea to assist breathing

when the upper airways are

blocked.

The surgeon performed a

tracheotomy on the young

woman to allow her to

breathe more freely.

traitorous Adjective Having the qualities of

someone who betrays or is

disloyal.

The traitorous behavior of

certain Americans during

the Cold War resulted in the

revealing of secret

information to the Soviet

Union.

traitorously (Adv)

traitorousness (N)




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trajectory Noun Pl: trajectories The path an object takes

under certain forces

according to the laws of

physics.

The trajectory the bullet

followed was slightly altered

by the wind. 2. The economy

continues its downward

trajectory.

transatlantic Adjective To cross the Atlantic Ocean. The transatlantic pact on

issues of human rights

involved South American,

North American and

European nations.

transatlantic

migrate

Phrase In the previous centuries

many Europeans have made

the transatlantic migration

in hopes of finding a better

life in the Americas.

transnational

cooperation

Phrase Co-operation beyond

borders, between countries.

The company was able to

make the necessary

arrangements to ensure

transnational cooperation in

the distribution of their

products.

trapezium Noun Pl: trapeziums or

trapezia

A geometric shape with

four sides, none of which

are parallel.

The building's architect

created a trapezium

structure that incorporates

gardens.

trapezial (Adj)

trenchant Adjective Direct and deliberately

hurtful.

The publishing house

rejected the article of the

young writer because of the

trenchant criticism the work

had received.

trenchancy (N)

trenchantly (Adv)

trichotomy Noun Pl: trichotomies To divide into 3 sections. The sociologist would divide

his study into a trichotomy

addressing the rich, the

middle class, and the poor.

trichotomic (Adj)

trichotomous (Adj)

trichotomously (Adv)

trite Adjective Overused and banal The poet managed only

trite, cliched lines.

tritely (Adv)

triteness (N)

tryptophane Noun A chemical term; an amino

acid essential to the life of

vertebrates

turbine Noun Pl: turbines A machine powered n which

fluids are run through to

make blades turn in order

to generate something such

as electrical or mechanical

power.

The large turbine provided

energy to the community.

turbulent Adjective Characterized by chaotic or

violent movement.

The turbulent nature of the

advertising industry creates

job instability.

turbulently (Adv)

turmoil Noun Pl: turmoils Commotion or disruptive

event that causes

confusion.

Our government is in a state

of financial turmoil.

typology Noun The classification of types. Scientists would develop a

typology for classifying

languages.

typologic (Adj)

typological (Adj)

typologically (Adv)

typologist (N)




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tyrannical Adjective Ruling with absolute power

unjustly.

The tyrannical behavior of

the nation's government did

not allow for dissenting

voices.

tyrannically (Adv)

tyrannicalness (N)

tyrosine Noun An amino acid. Tyrosine is one the amino

acids that is essential to a

properly functioning system

for breaking down proteins.

unbridled Adjective Freely and openly

expressed.

The unbridled usage of

firearms by civilians

threatens the safety of

communities.

unbridledly (Adv)

unridledness (N)

underpin Verb

(Trans)

PT: underpinned

PP: underpinned

PresP: underpinning

3rd S: underpins

To support a weakened

structure by putting

something beneath it.

The protesters offered little

to underpin their argument.

unicameral Adjective Having one legislative

chamber.

Most countries today reject

a unicameral government in

favor of two legislative

bodies.

unicameralism (N)

unicameralist (N)

unicamerally (Adv)

untenable Adjective Not defendable (argument). The protesters are making

an untenable argument

which few voters will

support.

untenability (N)

untenableness (N)

untenably (Adv)

unviable Verb

(Trans)

PT: unvoiced

PP: unvoiced

PresP: unvoicing

3rd S: unvoices

Not practicable;

unreasonable

The new method of

constructing the house with

its high costs and time

consuming techniques is an

unviable option.

unwieldy Adjective Hard to handle. The refrigerator was an

unwieldy machine to load

into the van.

unwieldily (Adv)

unwieldiness (N)

unwitting Adjective Unaware of something. Children refused to confess

to steal candy, stating that

they happened to be

unwitting victims of their

friend.

unwittingly (Adv)

upscale clientele Phrase A group of clients with

expensive taste

The restaurant caters to

upscale clientele, serving

only the finest and most

expensive wines.

upturn Verb;

Noun

Verb

PT: upturned

PP: upturned

PresP: upturning

3rd S: upturns

Noun

Pl: upturns

To cause something to turn. The recent upturn in the

economy can be attributed

to increased consumer

confidence and job growth.

uranium Noun A radioactive element. Uranium is one of the key

elements necessary for the

production of the atomic

bomb.

urchin Noun Pl: urchins A mischievous or ill-

behaved child.

The mother tried to calm

her child but the urchin

screamed and refused to

listen.




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usurp Verb PT: usurped

PP: usurped

PresP: usurping

3rd S: usurps

1. Seize something without

the right to do so.

The federal government is

usurping the power of the

states to make decisions

regarding how to educate

their young people.

usurpation (N)

usurper (N)

vaccine Noun Pl: vaccines Inoculation that stimulates

the immune system to fight

against a disease.

The vaccine served to

immunize the children

against polio.

valance Noun Pl: valances Decorative cover for a

curtain rod.

A valance hangs on the base

of my bed.

varicose Adjective Swollen more than normal. Older women often get

varicose veins.

vascular Adjective Having to do with fluid-

carrying vessels.

The injection immediately

entered the patient's

vascular system.

vascularity (N)

vascularly (Adv)

velocity Noun Pl: velocities The speed or rate of

something.

The high velocity engine

allows the car to easily

climb mountains.veneer Noun Noun

Pl: veneers

A thin layer of material

attached to the surface of

an inferior material.

The simple wood was

covered by a beautifully

stained oak veneer.

venerable Adjective Revered or respected. Children are often more

venerable to harsh weather

than adults.

venerability (N)

venerably (Adv)

vengeance Noun Something done with the

intention of revenge.

Vengeance caused the

young woman to trick her

lover.

verifiability Noun PT: verified

PP: verified

PresP: verifying

3rd S: verifies

Ability to be proven. (verity) The verity of her

story was clear especially

when presented alongside

the falseness of other

onlookers.

verifiability (N)

verifiable (Adj)

verifiably (Adv)

verifier (N)

vernacular Noun Pl: vernaculars Everyday or ordinary

language.

The men at the market use a

vernacular non-native

speakers find difficult to

understand.

vernacular (Adj)

vernacularly (Adv)

versatility Adjective Having many uses. The versatility of the dancer

is seen in her ability to

dance in ballet and modern

performances.

versatilely (Adv)

versatility (N)

vestige Noun Pl: vestiges A trace of something that is

no longer present.

The last vestiges of the

previous government's

power are represented in

statues of former leaders

and in the minds of the

elderly.

Vichy government Noun A city in central France

famous for its mineral

springs.

The Vichy government

though it ruled France

during WWII is a distant

memory for the average

Frenchman.

vintner Noun Pl: vintners A wine merchant. Those vintners produced

and distributed fine Merlot.

vinyl Noun A chemical compound used

in plastics.

The vinyl siding on the

home appeared as if it were

actually wood.

vinylic (Adj)




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viola Noun Pl: violas A stringed instrument that

is larger and lower in pitch

than a violin.

The viola plays beautiful

soft sounds.

vitriolic Adjective Having bitter hatred

towards someone or

something.

The lawyer began a vitriolic

attack on the judge who

made an unfavorable

decision against his client.

vitriolically (Adv)

voluminous Adjective Very large or long. The voluminous texts

produced by scholars on the

subject of the Soviet Union

became obsolete after its

demise.

voluminosity (N)

voluminously (Adv)

voluminousness (N)

whirligig Noun Noun

Pl: whirligigs

A toy that spins very

quickly such as a top.

Within the whirligig of the

Grand bazaar, the tourist

needed to keep track of

their belongings and mind.

white dwarf Noun A small dense star that has

collapsed on itself.

The satellite took never

before seen photographs of

the white dwarfs in far off

outer space.

willy-nilly Adverb;

Adjective

Uncontrollably; bound to

happen.

The teacher found herself

willy-nilly to give the test

regardless of her awareness

of the unpreparedness of

the students.

wither Verb PT: withered

PP: withered

PresP: withering

3rd S: withers

1. To shrivel or shrink.

2. To make someone

insecure.

The flower withered quickly

after being picked from the

garden.

withered (Adj)

witherer (N)

woodchuck Noun Pl: woodchucks or

woodchuck

A North American rodent. The woodchuck scurries

about the forests of North

America.

wristband Noun Pl: wristbands Something worn around the

wrist often to absorb sweat.

The tennis star wore

wristbands for style and

functional purposes.

xenophobia Noun The fear of something

unfamiliar such as

strangers.

Xenophobia pervaded the

rural community as no one

understood nor appreciated

different peoples or

cultures.

xenophobic (Adj)

yellow fever Noun An infectious and

sometimes deadly viral

disease of warm climates.

In order to travel to the far

reaches of the jungle, he

would need to be

immunized against yellow

fever.

zing Noun;

Verb

Verb

PT: zinged

PP: zinged

PresP: zinging

3rd S: zings

A sharp, high-pitched

sound.

The chef added a bit of zing

to his dishes by adding a

dash of chili pepper.

zingy (Adj)


MR GMAT Vocabulary Advanced List

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