Mr. ButtellWest Broward HS APUSH

Free Soil PartyFree Soil! Free Speech! Free Labor! Free Men!

“Barnburners” – discontented northern Democrats.

Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties.

Opposition to the extension of slavery in the newterritories!

WHY?

The 1848 Presidential Election Results

√

GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, 1848

John A. Sutter

California Gold Rush, 1849

49er’s

Westward the Course of Empire

Emmanuel Leutze, 1860

The Mexican Cession

Problems of Sectional Balancein 1850ß California statehood.

ß Southern “fire-eaters” threateningsecession.

ß Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:

Personal liberty laws

Compromise of 1850Concessions to the

North• CA admitted as free

state• Territory disputed by TX

and NM to be surrendered to NM

• Abolition of slave trade (not slavery) in D.C.

Concessions to the South

• Remainder of MX cession, formed into territories of NM and UT, slavery = Pop. Sov.

• TX to receive $10 million for compensation from federal govt.

• More stringent fugitive-slave law

Compromise of 1850

1852 Presidential Election

√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale

Democrat Whig Free Soil

1852Electio

n Results

Territorial Growth to 1853

Sec. of War Jefferson Davis sent James Gadsden as minister of Mexico. Want 1st Transcontinental RR built in South

Expansionist Young America in the 1850s

America’s Attempted Raids into Latin America

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty; Neither US or Britain would control an Isthmus in Latin America

CUBA – Pearl of the Antilles• Established slave

country• Spanish govt. rebuffed

two attempts by southerners

• Pres. Pierce plans the Ostend Manifesto with U.S. diplomats in Europe to purchase Cuba for $120 million.

• If Spain refused, the U.S. would attack since Europe is dealing with the Crimean War

HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

-- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852 Sold 300,000

copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

Mural in the Kansas Capitol building

by John Steuart Curry (20c)

“Bleeding Kansas”

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

“The Crime Against Kansas”

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

“Senator Butler, you have taken the Harlot slavery as your mistress.”-Charles Sumner (1856)

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854

ß Northern Whigs.

ß Northern Democrats.

ß Free-Soilers.

ß Know-Nothings.

ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

1856 Presidential Election

√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican American (Know Not)

1856Electio

n Results

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

Lecompton Constitution• 1857 Kansas writes

constitution• Vote for it with or without

slavery• Against it, would protect

the established slave system

• Proslaveryites approved with slavery

• Buchanan now President approved it, and Douglas went after it with vengeance.

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

Stephen Douglas & the

Freeport Doctrine

Lincoln to Douglas: “How does Popular

Sovereignty work simultaneously with the Dred

Scott decision?”“A territory’s residents could exclude slavery by not adopting laws to protect it.”

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

1860Presidenti

alElection

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

John BellConstitutional

Union

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860ß Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-

Soilers.

ß Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].

ß No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

ß Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

ß Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

ß Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860

Election

Results

Crittenden Compromise:A Last Ditch Appeal to

Sanity

Senator John J. Crittenden

(Know-Nothing-KY)

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860