MPPT using fuzzy logic

HARNESSING SOLAR ENERGY

THROUGH MPPT BASED CONTROL SYSTEM USING FUZZY LOGIC

Presented By:1. Mohd. Shadab Khan2. Mohd. Wasim Khan3. Mazir AbbasiSupervised By:

Mr. Abrar Ahmad

CONTENTSSOLAR PV

BASICS AND ITS GRAPH

• Solar PV Basics• Photovoltaic Graph

• Temperature graph

MPPT TECHNIQU

ES• Why MPPT?• Techniques• MPPT Curves

FUZZY LOGIC

• Basic Concept

• Logic• Application

s

Solar Photovoltaic &PHOTOVOLTAICBy: Mohd. Wasim

Khan

INTRODUCTION TO

INSIDE A SOLAR PV CELLAn ideal solar cell can be considered as a current source.

The current produced is proportional to solar irradiation falling on it.

A typical cell produces about 0.5 V to 1V.

Source: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/261132099_systems

Equations Involved

SOLAR CELL , MODULE & ARRAYS

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV

Solar module

PV Array

SOLAR MODULE IN SERIES & PARALLEL

Source: ieeexplore.org/pv_basics_01.pdf

GENERIC I-V CURVE OF PV MODULE


P-V& I-V CURVE OF A SOLAR MODULE


OPERATING POINT


The point at which PV Module Operates

TEMPERATURE AND IRRADIANCE EFFECT

Source: ieeexplore.org

1. With Increase of Temperature Voc decreases & corresponding Pout decreases.

2. With Increase of Irradiance Voc increases hence increase in Pout is observed.

SOLAR PARAMETERS• Short Circuit Current (Isc): Short circuit current is max current

produced by a solar cell when its terminals are short circuited.

• Open Circuit Voltage (Voc): Open circuit voltage is the max voltage that can be obtained from a solar cell when its terminals are left open. The upper limit of Voc is decided by the band gap Eg.

• Fill Factor (FF): Fill Factor is defined as ratio of maximum power to the product of Voc and Isc. FF is 1 for ideal case. Practically its value ranges from 0.8 to 0.89.• FF = Vm x Im Voc x Isc

• Efficiency : Efficiency is defined as ratio of maximum power of module to power delivered by solar irradiance or it can be defined as ratio of product of Voc ,Isc and FF to solar irradiance .• Efficiency = Voc x Isc x FF Pin

CONTROLLER

By: Mohd. Shadab Khan

BASICS OF

MPPT

MPPT HARDWARE

Source: amazon.in/mppt_controller

MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING

To automatically find the voltage (VMPP) or current (IMPP) at which a PV array should operate to obtain the maximum power output (PMPP)under a given temperature and irradiance.

MPPT TOPOLOGY


CHOICE OF MPPT TECHNIQUE

IMPLEMENTATION

COMPLEXITYSENSORS REQUIRED

ABILITY TO DETECT

MULTIPLE LOCAL

MAXIMA

RESPONSE TIME

COST APPLICATION

I-V CURVES FOR DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE AND IRRADIANCE LEVEL

Source: ieeexplore.org/pv01aop.1.pdf

P-V CURVES FOR DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE AND IRRADIANCE LEVEL


P-V CURVE FOR MPPT

Source: ieeexplore.mppt_technique/papers.org

NEED FOR MPPT

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PVIRRADIANCE & TEMPERATURE VARIATION

LOW CONVERSION EFFICIENCY(9-17%)

TO MAXIMIZE OUTPUT POWER

TO MAXIMIZE THE EFFICIENCY

MPPT TECHNIQUES

MPP Techniques

Indirect

Fixed Voltage Method

Fractional Open Circuit

Voltage Method

Direct

Perturb & Observe Method

Incremental Conduction

Method

FIXED VOLTAGE METHOD

Source: http://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/mppt

Based on adjusting the

operating voltage on a

seasonal basis

1. Higher MPP during winters

2. Lower MPP in summers

Not very accurate , & accuracy is increased if irradiance variation is minimized

FRACTIONAL OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE METHOD

Source: http://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/fc_mppApproximation of VMPP is done by finding the open circuit

voltage

Value of K depends on PV

technology used and kind of solar cell

used

Not always point to the

MPP, but only in the region around MPP

VMPP= K*Voc

PERTURB & OBSERVE (P&O)/HILL CLIMBING METHOD

Source: http://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/p&oDirect measurement

of current, voltage and

power.

Faster and accurate response

Incrementing the voltage increases

the power when operating on the

left of the MPP and decreases the

power when on the right of the MPP.

12

36

5

DRAWBACKS OF P&O METHOD

• Hill climbing and P&O methods can fail under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions.• The process is repeated periodically until the MPP is reached.• The system oscillates about the MPP.• Smaller perturbation size slows down the MPPT

• If the irradiance fluctuates and shifts the power curve within one sampling period, the operating point will fluctuate


INCREMENTAL CONDUCTANCE METHOD

Source: http://file.scirp.org/Html/4-1770016%5Ce05a0b9b-b3dc-49c5-9a11-7d933bb7a3a9.jpg

Based on the fact that slope of PV:1. Zero at MPP2. Negative at right of

MPP3. Positive on left of MPP

.

.

Uses two sensors: VOLTAGE & CURRENT SENSORS to sense the

output voltage and current

ALGORITHM works by comparing the ratio of

derivative of conductance with the

instantaneous conductance

When this instantaneous

conductance equals the conductance of

the solar then MPP is reached

Logic……… IN MPPT

By: Mazir Abbasi

IMPLEMENTATION OFFUZZY

A QUICK REVIEW

Definition of fuzzy Fuzzy – “not clear, distinct, or precise; blurred”

Definition of fuzzy logic A form of knowledge representation suitable for notions that

cannot be defined precisely, but which depend upon their contexts.

Slowest FastestSlow Fast

Speed=0

Speed=1

Speed=0.5

Speed=0.75

FUZZY CONTROLLER IN PV

Artificial intelligent tool which

computes output based on expert

knowledge.faster response using the expert knowledge and measured data

base.

FL Algorithm is chosen for PV because of its

fast and accurate response

Fuzzy logic controller

algorithm is based on three

steps

1-expert knowledge, 2-fuzzification &

inference diagram

3-defuzzification.

FUZZY LOGIC MPPT CONTROLLER

FUZZIFICATION

INFERENCE

DEFUZZIFICATION

RULES

Acquisition of data(P,V)

Generate inputs for fuzzy logic control

Apply the fuzzy logic controller and obtain the proper D value

Buck boost controller

START

RETURN

FUZZY LOGIC FLOWCHART IN MPPT

HARDWARE MODELLING OF FUZZY IN MPPT

FUZZIFICATION

INFERENCE

ENGINEDEFUZZIFICA

TION

FUZZY RULE BOX

FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER

PV MODEL

BUCK BOOST

CONVERTER

LOAD

FILTERING AND GENERATION OF

FUZZY INPUT VARIABLES

PWM GENERAT

OR Duty Ratio Command

REFRENCES[1] Noppadol Khaehintung, Phaophak Sirisuk, and Anatawat Kunakorn, “Grid-connected

photovoltaic system with maximum power point tracking using self-organizing fuzzy

logic controller”, IEEE Power Electronics and Drives Systems, PEDS, Kuala Lumpur, 2005,

pp. 517-521.

[2] Huan-Liang Tsai, “Insolation-oriented model of photovoltaic module using

MATLAB/SIMULINK”, Solar Energy 84, 2010, pp. 13181326.

[3] S.Lalouni, D. Rekioua, T. Rekioua, and E. Matagne, “Fuzzy logic control of sand-alone

photovoltaic system with battery storage”, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 193,

Issue2, 5 September 2009, pp. 899-907.

[4] V. Salas, E. Olias, A. Barrado, and A. Lazaro, “ Review of the maximum power point

tracking algorithms for stand-alone photovoltaic systems”, Soalr Energy Materials &

Solar Cells 90, 2006, pp. 1555-1578.

[5] M.S. Ait Cheikh, C. Larbes, G. F. Tchoketch Kebir, and A. Zerguerras, “Maximum power

point tracking using a fuzzy logic control scheme”, Revue des energies Renouvelables,

Vol. 10, 2007, pp. 387-395.

[6] H.J. Möller, ‘Semiconductors for Solar Cells’, Artech House, Inc, Norwood, MA, 1993.

[7] R. Gottschalg, M. Rommel, D.G. Ineld and H. Ryssel, ‘Comparison of Different Methods

for the Parameter Determination of the Solar Cell’s Double Exponential Equation’, In

14th European Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference (PVSEC).

MPPT using fuzzy logic

Engineering

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