Introduction toProject Management

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Project ManagementManajemen Proyek Perangkat Lunak

Adi Mulyanto2006

Introduction to Project Introduction to Project ManagementManagement Pengertian Project ManagementProject Management

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Project ManagementProject Management Project ManagerProject Manager

Project Management (IT Prj Mgt) Project Management adalah pengaplikasian

knowledge, skills, tools, dan techniques pada aktifitas proyek untuk mencapai kebutuhan dan tujuan proyek

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tujuan proyek Pelaksanaan proyek tidak hanya

mempertemukan scope, time, cost, dan quality sebagai tujuan proyek, tetapi juga harus memfasilitasi seluruh proses untuk mempertemukan kebutuhan dan harapan dari person-person yang terlibat (stakeholders)

Project Management (PMP Study Guide) Project management adalah proses yang

mencakup perencanaan, penerapan, serta pengukuran performansi dan kemajuan

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pengukuran performansi dan kemajuan proyek

Project Stakeholders Project sponsor, pemilik pekerjaan atau pemberi tugas Project manager, unsur sentral yang bekerja dengan

seluruh stakeholder lain Project team Support staff

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Support staff Executive Users Supplier Environment (lingkungan atau tetangga)Masing-masing stakeholder punya banyak perbedaan

interest. Kebutuhan dan harapannya penting diperhatikan sejak awal proyek

PMBOK Structures Project Management by

A) ProcessesB) Knowledge Areas

Processes. 2 types

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Processes. 2 types1. Project Management processes: describing

and organizing the work of the project2. Product-oriented processes: specifying and

building the projects product

The 5 PMI Process Groups

1. Initiating 2. Planning 3. Executing

4. Controlling

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4. Controlling 5. ClosingNote: these can be repeated for each phaseEach process is described by:

Inputs Tools & Techniques Outputs

PMI Process Groups

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Source: Project Management Institute

Project Management Knowledge Area (9 categories)Core function: Project scope management (1) Project time management (2) Project cost management (3)

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Project quality management (4)Facilitating function: Project human resource management (5) Project communications management (6) Project risk management (7) Project procurement (8)Overacting function: Project integration management (9)

StakeholdersNeeds and

expectations Project1Project2Project3Project4

Project Portfolio

Enterprisesuccess

Project Management Framework

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Tools andTechniques

9 Knowledge AreasCore Function

Facilitating Function

HR Mgt

Comm Mgt

Risk Mgt

Procur Mgt

Scope Mgt

TimeMgt

Cost Mgt

Qualit Mgt

Project Integration Management ProjectSuccess

Project4Project5

Project Management Tools and Techniques akan membantu tim proyek dalam menyelesaikan seluruh pekerjaan yang tercakup dalam 9 knowledge area. Contoh: time-management tools and techniques incl gantt charts, project network diagram, dan critical

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charts, project network diagram, dan critical paths analysis

Project portfolio management akan mengorganisasikan hasil pelaksanaan proyek sebagai portfolio yang selanjutnya akan menjadi investasi untuk menunjukkan keberhasilan perusahaan

Project Management Job Function1. Mendefinisikan scope of project2. Mengidentifikasi stakeholder, decision maker,

dan prosedur eskalasi3. Membuat work breakdown structure

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3. Membuat work breakdown structure4. Mengestimasi time requirement5. Membuat prosedur/flowchart persiapan project

management6. Mengidentifikasi kebutuhan resources dan

budget7. Mengevaluasi project requirements

Project Mgt Job Fuction (cont.)8. Mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi resiko9. Mempersiapkan contingency plan10. Menidentifikasi interdependensi

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10. Menidentifikasi interdependensi11. Mengidentifikasi dan melacak milestones kritis12. Berpartisipasi dalam review proyek13. Mengamankan resources yang dibutuhkan14. Mengelola proses pengendalian perubahan15. Membuat laporan status proyek

Keuntungan atas pemanfaatan Project Management Pengendalian yg lebih baik atas sumberdaya

keuangan, fisik, dan manusia Meningkatkan customer relations Memperpendek waktu pengembangan

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Memperpendek waktu pengembangan Menghemat biaya Meningkatkan kualitas dan ketahanan Meningkatkan profit margins Memperbaiki produktifitas Memperbaiki koordinasi internal Meningkatkan etos kerja / moral pekerja

Faktor-faktor Keberhasilan Proyek1. Dukungan eksekutif2. Keterlibatan user3. Project Manager yg berpengalaman (97% keberhasilan)4. Tujuan/sasaran bisnis yang jelas

Lingkup (scope) yang fokus

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5. Lingkup (scope) yang fokus6. Ada standar dalam penggunaan infrastruktur software7. Requirement yang jelas dan tegas8. Penggunaan metodologi formal9. Estimasi yang dapat dipercaya10. Kriteria lain seperti small milestones, proper planning,

competent staff, dan ownership

Project Success Rates The 2001 Standish Group Report Showed Decided Improvement

in IT Project Success Rates From the 1995 Time overruns: decreased to 63% compared to 222% Cost overruns were down to 45% compared to 189% Required features were up to 67% compared to 61%

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Required features were up to 67% compared to 61% 78,000 U.S. projects were successful vs. to 28,000 28% of IT projects succeeded compared to 16%

Why the Improvements? Avg. cost reduced by half Better tools for monitoring and control More skilled PMs, more process, more user involvement And The fact that there are processes is significant in itself.

Project Manager (PM) PM adalah penanggungjawab langsung dan pemimpin

pelaksanaan proyek A project manager (analogy): conductor, coach, captain PM berperan penting dalam pelaksanaan proyek

PM harus familier dengan 9 project management

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PM harus familier dengan 9 project management knowledge area dan berbagai tools dan techniques untuk project management

PM yg baik mementingkan keberhasilan proyek PM harus dekat dengan stakeholder lain, khususnya

sponsor, tim proyek, dan pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam pencapaian tujuan proyek

Skills yang disarankan untuk PM Disarankan agar memahami dan mengikuti:

(IT Prj Mgt) The project management body of knowledge

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Application area knowledge, standards, and regulations

Project environment knowledge General management knowledge and skills Soft skills or human relations skills

PM harus memahami organisasi tempatnya bekerjadan memahami lingkungan fisik, sosial, dan politik

PM harus memahami topik-topik penting seperti: financial management, accounting, procurement, sales, marketing, contracts, manufacturing,

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sales, marketing, contracts, manufacturing, distribution, logistics, supply chain, strategic planning, tactical planning, operations management, organizational structures & behavior, personnel administration, compensation, benefits, career paths, dan health & safety practices

Performansi proyek yg tinggi memerlukan soft skill / human relations skills.

Karakteristik PM yang efektif (IT Prj Mgt) Lead by example (memberi contoh) Visioner Memiliki kompetensi teknis Tegas

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Tegas Good communicators Good motivators Berani menghadapi top management ketika

dibutuhkan Mensuport team members Mendorong munculnya ide-ide baru

Kemampuan yg diperlukan oleh PM (PMP Study Guide)

Communication Skills Organizational Skills Budgeting Skills

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Budgeting Skills Problem-solving Skills Negotiating & Influencing Skills Leadership Skills Team-building & Human resources Skills