Mozart

MozartPiano Concerto no 23 in A MajorFeatures of Classical MusicTexture: Light and clear mainly homophonicMelody: Elegant and expressiveInstruments: Orchestra grew from Baroque Period. Piano featured lots.Form: Chamber music along with symphony, sonata and concerto gained popularity. Sonata form developed.Features: Alberti Bass repeated figure in LH broken chord Mozarts StylesSkilled composer and pianistClear form and structureUses many themes linked brilliantlyClassical period usually had keys modulating to related keys but Mozart often used unexpected keys.SURPRISE!!!!Mozart developed the clarinetwriting solo pieces for it.Classical FormConcerto Solo instrument contrasted against the orchestraCadenza Solo section usually inserted at the end to show the skill of the player.Ternary form 3 part form where the first part is identical to the last ABASonata Form form in 3 sections Exposition, Development and Recapitulation Piano Concerto No. 23 in A Major K4883 movementsMovement 1 Sonata FormMovement II Ternary FormMovement III Sonata-Rondo FormSonata Rondo Form uses the recurring theme idea of Rondo with the Sonata plan form Form Comparisons

SectionExpoSiTionDevelopmentRecapItulationSubjectABA/BABKeyTONICDOMVARIOUSTONICTONICSONATA RONDO FORM Movement IIISONATA FORM Movement I1st Movement AnalysisOrchestral Exposition bars 1-66Bars 1-8 Theme 1a

A Major (Violin)Repeated by WWTheme 1b bars 18-22 (violin)

Rhythmic tune played by WW and stringsLinks 1st and 2nd Theme

1st Movement AnalysisOrchestral Exposition bars 1-66Second Subject Theme 2a (1c) bars 30-35 (Strings repeated by WW not in Dom at this stage)

Lyrical in nature contrasts other themesBars 46-52 Theme 2aa (1d) bars energetic and vibrant dialogue between strings and WW

Closes orchestral exposition

1st Movement AnalysisPiano Exposition bars 67-156Bars 67-74 Theme 1a

A Major (Piano with string acc.)Repeated version decorated hugelyTheme 1b bars 83-98(piano)

Broken chord acc in pianoScales and sequences in RHLinks 1st and 2nd Theme links to E Major

1st Movement AnalysisPiano Exposition bars 67-156Second Subject Theme 2a (1c) bars 99-106(Piano with block chord) Repeated by Fl, Bassoon and 1st Violin

Lyrical in nature contrasts other themesBars 115-136 Theme 2aa (1d) Melody on piano with Orchestral acc Alberti bass

1st Movement AnalysisPiano Exposition bars 67-148Bars 114-137 Theme 2aa (1d)Piano plays wildly elaboratelyBars 137 material from 1b acts as codetta still in E majorTheme 3a (1e) bars 143-149 violin

Sounds like new section but appears later in recap so really belongs to the exposition. Describe it as a development theme.

111st Movement AnalysisDevelopment b156-170Bars 156-170 Theme 3 (1e) Part OneExpecting keys of A Major-E Major D Major 3 related minors F# minor C# minor B minorHowever Mozart does not do thisKey sequence uses falling 3rds E-C and C-ABars 156 4 bar phrase in E minorDialogue between clarinets, bassoons and hornsBar 160Repeated above idea in C MajorBar 164 Repeat but extend now in A minorPiano continues with idea ending in F MajorStrings take idea into D minor

121st Movement AnalysisDevelopment b170-198Bars 170 Theme 3 (1e) Part TwoC material developed againCl and fl play in canon at a 4thRH plays scales and semi-quaver passagesBars 177F major chord begins preparation to bring piece back to dominant E which brings music back to A for recap.B178-185 repeated Es on low strings and hornsRH plays scales and broken chordsB197 rising chromatic scale

131st Movement AnalysisRecapitulation b198-314Fusion of orchestral and piano exposition.Material is shared between soloist and orchestraOld themes returned but with renewed freshness due to 1E being used in development.1st Movement AnalysisRecapitulation b198-314B198 1A as usual except with strings and flute.B213 1B as b82 with piano joining in. All in A major.B229 1C now in original key (compare b99)B244 1D compare with b114B261 Decorated piano passage with Cadenza in sight 1E is re-introduced1E played 3 times:SoloistClarinet and Bassoon4 part counterpoint with piano decoration

1st Movement AnalysisRecapitulation b198-314Theme 1E is original simplicity not like its appearance in exposition two.Alberti bass b272 ends on trill at b283B284 Orchestra play 1B only 6 bars ends with 2 beats rest.B290 1E arrives again stating its importance very exuberant playing of the theme.B297 Cadenza begins soloist usually improves but Mozart wrote it outtaking no chances for the movement to become disjointed. B298 Coda material from 1D used to close coda.