Moving Green Infrastructure From “State of the Art” to ......Tools for Green Infrastructure...
Transcript of Moving Green Infrastructure From “State of the Art” to ......Tools for Green Infrastructure...
Tools for Green Infrastructure Planning & Implementation
Moving Green Infrastructure From “State of the Art” to “Standard Practice” New Jersey Planning Conference │ January, 2015
Step-by-Step Guide to Creating a Neighborhood Green Infrastructure Strategy Urban Water Infrastructure Agenda for Change // Working Group Meeting convened by: New Jersey Future Johnson Foundation at Wingspread Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation
Credit: www.phillywatersheds.org
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Recommended Action Steps 1. Educate and Raise Awareness 2. Optimize Existing Systems and Implement Asset Management 3. Build Capacity and Foster Cross-Jurisdictional Collaboration 4. Leverage Early Successes to Generate Political Support 5. Diversify Funding Solutions
Work Plan / Project Areas 1. Support adoption of effective and innovative LTCPs 2. Optimize existing systems 3. Develop a green infrastructure focus 4. Employ resilient, state-of-the-art gray and green infrastructure 5. Identify and establish new funding tools 6. Raise awareness of CSO Problems and solutions
Integrated Water Infrastructure Solutions for Sustainable Cities Urban Water Solutions – Agenda for Change
Green Infrastructure Strategic Plan Committee
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Focus on LTCP Communities, Educate all Communities Why develop a Green Infrastructure Guide?
GOAL • Provide a concise, easy-to-follow and illustrative guide for
strategically implementing scalable green infrastructure BMPs, starting at the neighborhood level.
PURPOSE • Enable community organizations to undertake green infrastructure
strategic planning to maximize stormwater management and water quality benefits, positioning communities to obtain funding for green infrastructure implementation.
AUDIENCE • Community and non-profit organizations, municipal Green Teams
and Environmental Commissions. Target audience includes communities with separate storm sewer systems that will not be required to draft Long Term Control Plans.
Photo Credit: Center for Neighborhood Technology
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Scales of Green Infrastructure Scalable Planning Process
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Learn from your neighbors Review existing plans
New Jersey • NJ DEP • Rutgers Water Resources • Sustainable Jersey • NY-NJ Baykeeper • New Jersey Future National • U.S. EPA • NRDC Rooftops to Rivers • Low Impact Development
Center • Center for Neighborhood
Technology • Savetherain.us
Plans Credit: Rutgers Cooperative Extension Water Resources Program, City Of Lancaster
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STEP 1. Understand Green
Infrastructure BMPs
STEP 2. Understand your
Context
STEP 3. Identify
Opportunities and Constraints
STEP 6. Evaluate Potential Sites and Develop Recommendations
STEP 5. Identify Potential
Sites
STEP 4. Set Targets and
Metrics
STEP 7. Develop Action Steps toward
Implementation
Developing a Green Infrastructure Strategy
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Resources: • NJDEP Green
Infrastructure website • EPA Green Infrastructure
website • Rutgers Water Resources
Website • Rain Garden Manual of
New Jersey
STEP 1. Understand Green Infrastructure BMPs What are the types of GI BMPs? Where are they most appropriate? Where are they most cost effective?
1. Menu of Green Infrastructure BMPs
• Infiltration • Detention • Retention
2. General Siting Criteria 3. Cost Effectiveness
Graphic Credit: NJDEP, Rutgers Water Resources Program, US EPA
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Resources: • ArcGIS Online • Google Earth • New Jersey Flood Mapper • FEMA Flood Hazard Areas • USGS Web Soil Survey
STEP 2. Understand Flooding in your Community Where does stormwater flooding occur? How does stormwater flow there?
Review Available Data: 1. Impervious cover 2. Watersheds 3. Floodprone areas 4. Geology (bedrock,
groundwater table, soils) 5. Topography 6. Land use context 7. Sewer network
Map Credit: ESRI, FEMA, Rutgers
Example Community: Mountainview, Wayne, NJ
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Resources: • US EPA Green
Infrastructure website • Rutgers Water Resources
Program website • Rain Garden Manual of
New Jersey
STEP 3. Identify Opportunities and Constraints Where is shallow depth to the water table or bedrock? How can you slow or capture water upstream from flood prone areas?
Suitable areas for: Vegetative BMPs (Infiltration)
Rainwater harvesting BMPs (Detention)
Storage BMPs (Retention)
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B
C
B C
A
Map Credit: ESRI, USGS
Example Community: Mountainview, Wayne, NJ
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Resources: • NRDC Rooftops to Rivers • NYC Green Infrastructure
Plan • Green Infrastructure in
New Jersey – The Current State of Implementation, NRDC
STEP 4. Set Targets and Metrics What do you want to achieve? What goals are feasible? Over what time frame?
1. Reduction in X% impervious cover
2. Manage runoff from X% of impervious cover using GI BMPs
3. Implementation of X GI Pilot Projects
4. Implementation of X SF or number of specific BMPs
Graphic Credit: NYC DEP, Hoboken Green Infrastructure Strategic Plan
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Resources: • Town Master Plan • NJ Parcel Map • NJ GIN Explorer • Open Street Map
STEP 5. Identify Potential Sites What sites are most feasible for GI implementation? What land use / property owners are the best target for GI implementation?
Opportunity sites:
Public or Community property, parks
Parking Areas
Nonprofit or Religious Institutions
Residential and Commercial Properties
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1. Water Utility Right of Way / Morris Canal Greenway
4. Residential Properties north of Mountainview
2. Retail on Route 23
3. Churches along Alps Road
Map Credit: ESRI
Example Community: Mountainview, Wayne, NJ
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Resources: • EPA National Stormwater
Calculator • Technical Assistance: Rutgers Water Resources Town Planner and Engineer Pro bono / Professional
Organizations / Universities Sustainable Jersey
STEP 6. Evaluate Potential Sites and Develop Recommendations Which of the potential sites give you the most bang for the buck?
• Identify the best BMPs for those sites with the highest opportunity
• Which BMPs capture the most stormwater for the lowest cost?
• Evaluate the benefits
• Recognize the need for technical assistance
Graphic Credit: EPA National Stormwater Calculator
Example Site: Ambulance Corps, Mountainview, Wayne, NJ
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Policy & Regulatory
• Land Use Policy • Performance Zoning • Retention Standard • GI Requirement
• Incentives • Stormwater /
Development / Impact Fees
• Economic Incentives
Funding
• Capital Planning • Grant programs • Loan Programs • Innovative financing • Public private
partnerships
Education
• Pilot Projects • Workshops /
Training • Maintenance • Water Conservation
Resources: • NRDC Rooftops to Rivers • NJEIT • NJDEP website • US EPA website • Sustainable Jersey
website
STEP 7. Develop Action Steps toward Implementation How do you get there? Who are your partners? What are your highest priorities?
Case Study: Hoboken Green Infrastructure Strategic Plan
TOGETHER NORTH JERSEY Local Demonstration Project Project Partners: NJ TRANSIT , City of Hoboken, Hudson County, Hoboken Quality of Life Coalition, HOPES Community Action Network, North Hudson Sewerage Authority, Stevens Perkins Eastman │Louis Berger │Clarke Caton Hintze Team
Benefits of Green Infrastructure by Sewershed Impervious Area
outside of the ‘gray zone' (sq. ft)
Goal of Impervious Area Captured/Stored by Green
Infrastructure (15 %) Distribution of Impervious
Area per BMP (sq. ft.) Calculate Potential Stormwater
Captured/Stored by Green Infrastructure (cu. ft)
Sewershed Characteristics
Analysis of Hoboken’s stormwater management system Land Use Context Constraints Opportunities Impervious Coverage
Siting Considerations
Size: Drainage area, Physical Sq. Ft.
Vertical Constraints: Groundwater Table, Bedrock Depth
Topography: Slope, Contours
Soils: Permeability, Infiltration Rate Pros / Cons
Best Management Practices (BMPs)
Benefits: Flooding Mitigation, Ecological, Public Health, Open Space
Cost: Capital, Operations & Maintenance Useful life Storage Capacity
Identified the gray zone, modified distribution based on siting
Recommended specific BMPs for each sewershed based on siting and sewershed characteristics
Determined the most beneficial BMPs and ideal distribution
Detention Detain stormwater through above-ground BMPs. Detention BMPs: • Rainwater harvesting • Green/blue roofs • Subsurface storage Smaller-scale BMPs for long term incremental benefit: • Daylighting areas • Commercial Property
Retrofits • Public property
including parks and schools
Jersey City
Graphic Credit: Hoboken Green Infrastructure Strategic Plan
Infiltration Infiltrate stormwater using vegetated BMPs. Infiltration BMPs: • Rain gardens • Swales • Stormwater trees • Infiltration planters • Permeable pavements
Graphic Credit: Hoboken Green Infrastructure Strategic Plan
Retention Retain stormwater focusing on the Western Edge and Potential North End Rehabilitation Areas. Retention BMPs: • Basins or ponds • Constructed
wetlands • Subsurface storage
Large-Scale BMPs for more immediate Impact: • Subsurface Storage
under Park; • Constructed
wetlands or basin in Rehabilitation Areas
Jersey City Graphic Credit: Hoboken Green Infrastructure Strategic Plan
Graphic Credit: Hoboken Green Infrastructure Strategic Plan
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Policy and Regulatory Tools
• Incorporate Best Management Practices (BMPs) into ordinances, redevelopment/rehabilitation plans with City fabric in mind
• Work with Hudson County and North Hudson Sewerage Authority to develop compatible standards
• Create a guidance document for City/County public improvements
• Provide economic incentives (FAR, Height, Density), especially in areas with highest contribution to flooding
• Research alternative funding mechanisms for implementation of BMP's
Incentivize, Promote and Require Green Infrastructure
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Stormwater Trust Fund • District Wide Approach • Site constraints/cost limit BMP • Contribution of funds • Funds used for BMP in public
realm
Performance Zoning • Regulate: On-Site Rainfall Retained • Incentives: FAR, Height, Density
Standards • % of Pervious Coverage • % of Impervious Surface treated
by BMP
Applications of Policy and Regulatory Tools Recommendations for Hoboken
Regulation Rainfall Retained
1-25% 25-50% 51%+
FAR 1.0 3.2 4.0
Height 2 story 8 story 12 story
Density 28 DU/ Acre 55 DU/ Acre 90 DU/ Acre
Thank you!
Jennifer Gonzalez, AICP Senior Environmental Planner Louis Berger [email protected]
NJ Future Urban Water Infrastructure Working Group: http://www.njfuture.org/issues/environment-and-agriculture/water-sewer/urban-water-infrastructure/ Hoboken Green Infrastructure Strategic Plan: http://togethernorthjersey.com/?grid-portfolio=hoboken-green-infrastructure-strategic-plan