Movement responses

Movement responses

MigrationDiscuss the causes of migrations, both forced and voluntary.Evaluate internal (national) and international migrations in terms of their geographic (socio-economic, political and environmental) impacts at their origins and destinations

Watch the following video about US immigration and note down four immigration facts that amaze you

Push-pull factorsMigration is often analysed in terms of the "push-pull model", which looks at the (negative) push factors which drive people to leave their countries and the (positive) pull factors which attract them to their new countries. Migration can occur as result of push and pull factors.

Push factors are those which force a person to move. This can include drought, famine, lack of work, & eviction. Pull factors are those which encourage a person to move. These include work, a better standard of living, free land, a chance to start again.Political push factorsWar and persecutionGeopolitical reasonsCultural reasons (ethnic cleansing)RaceReligion

Environmental push factorsLack or dispute over resourceswateragricultural land

Environmental hazardsFloodsDroughtsearthquakesPull factorsPolitical: freedom, ideologyEconomical: opportunities, incentivesEnvironmental: perceived benefits from the environment

Ravensteins laws1. Net migration amounts to only a fraction of gross migration. 2. Most migrants only go a short distance.3. Migrants who do move far tend to choose big city destinations.4. Urban residents are less migratory than rural residents.5. Most international migrants are young adults.6. Most migrants proceed step-by-step.7. Large cities tend to grow by migration, rather than by natural increase.8. Major cause of voluntary migration is economic.9. Females are more migratory than males within their country of birth, but males frequently venture beyond.10. Migration increases in volume as industries and commerce develop and transport improves.11. The usual direction of migration is from agricultural areas to centres of industry and commerce.