Mouth of the Columbia River Jetties Major Rehabilitation
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Transcript of Mouth of the Columbia River Jetties Major Rehabilitation
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Mouth of the Columbia River JettiesMajor Rehabilitation
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Pacific
Ocean
Baker Bay
North Jett
y
South Jetty
Clatsop Spit
Peacock Spit
Washington
Oregon
Sand Island
Ilwaco
AstoriaHammond
Chinook
Jetty “A” Sand Island Pile Dikes
Long Beach
North Head
Columbia River Estuary
MCR
Nav
igatio
n
Lower Columbia River Nav Channel
N
Channel
Pacific
Ocean
Baker Bay
North Jett
y
South Jetty
Clatsop Spit
Peacock Spit
Washington
Oregon
Sand Island
Ilwaco
AstoriaHammond
Chinook
Jetty “A” Sand Island Pile Dikes
Long Beach
North Head
Columbia River Estuary
MCR
Nav
igatio
n
Lower Columbia River Nav Channel
NN
Channel
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MCR North Jetty - Construction and Repair History
1917
1939
1965 2005
(Receded approximately 1800’ in length since 1916)
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MCR South Jetty - Construction and Repair History
1913 1886
1931-1934
1961- 1962
1982
2006
2007
(Receded approximately 5000’ in length since 1885 - 1913)
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Design Development
• Least cost, most reliable repair, environmentally acceptable.
• Jetty cross section options:
– Dimensions: crest elevation, crestwidth, sideslope
– Material types: stone, concrete, combination
• Due to the variability in design climate and repair history, design applications will vary:
– Between the three structures
– Along the length of each structure.
• Both physical and two numerical modeling are used to assess and fine tune the designs.
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Physical Modeling of Cross Design Options – Optimize Reliability
Jetty Resilience Compromised by Wave Action
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= reliability-based decision point
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Reach of North Jetty NOT Repaired Since
1917 Original Construction
Severe Deterioration of Jetty Heads MCR Jetty Breach Feb 2006
Threatened Jetty Section
Progr
essiv
e Dam
age
2005 North Jetty = 58,000 tons Armor Stone (5-12 tons)
2006 – 2007 South Jetty = 160,000 tons Armor Stone (5-30 tons)
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Sand infill from north side throughdamaged structure.
Submerged head of north jetty helping to hold Peacock Spit and Benson Beach.
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Major Rehab Considerations
• Engineering Features– Lagoon Fill– Spur Groins– Capping
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Repaired in 2005
Sep 2002
MCR North Jetty
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12 m
10 m8 m
14 m
SOUTH JETTY
6 m
MCR Navigation channel
Existing spur groins on south jetty.
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North Jetty
South Jetty
Clatsop Spit
MCR Channel
Peacock Spit
NJS
Use the NJS to reduce the scour rate along the southern toe of the north jetty (place 0.2 - 0.5 Mcy/yr)
Use the SWS to feed material onto Peacock Spit and Sustain the sediment budget north of MCR (place 1.5-2.5 Mcy/yr):
SWS
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1939
Benson Beach
Shoreline 1913North Head
*
*head of jetty in 2002
2002
North Head
Shoreline receded 2,000 ft since 1939
North
Jetty
Shoreline 1913
*
As shoals recede, jetties become vulnerable to foundation scour and
wave attack
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South Jetty Head – 4000 ft loss in length
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Major Rehab Alternatives
• Scheduled Repair
• Immediate Rehab– Minimum Template– Large Template– Composite Template
• Scheduled Rehab
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N
2030405060708090100
110
120
= spur groin
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
-260 -240 -220 -200 -180 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Ocean/Beach Side
Channel Side
Existing Core Stone
Present Seabed
Original Seabed
NB1 stone: 25 to 5 ft MLLW = 10-30 ton (mean = 22 ton)NB2 Relic Stone: -10 to -20 ft MLLW = 6-26 ton (mean = 16 ton)
NB3 Surplus Relic Stone and New Filler: below -20 ft MLLW = 1-15 ton (mean = 8 ton)Reworked Relic Armor Stone = 5-15 ton (mean = 10 ton)
Reworked Core Stone = 0.25 - 3 ton (mean = 1.5 ton)all stone has gamma=167 lb/ft3
1v:2h
South North
1v:1.5h
= NB1 select armor units: 5 to -10 ft MLLW: for stone = 20 - 40 ton (mean =28 ton)
Scoured seabed armored with relic stone
Relic Stone
Gravel
Sand
Existing Ground
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
-260 -240 -220 -200 -180 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Ocean/Beach Side
Channel Side
Existing Core Stone
Benson Beach
Original Seabed
NC1 stone: 25 to 5 ft MLLW = 10-30 ton (mean = 22 ton) NC2 Relic Stone: -10 to -20 ft MLLW = 6-26 ton (mean = 16 ton)
NC3 Surplus Relic Stone and New Filler: below -20 ft MLLW = 1-15 ton (mean = 8 ton)Reworked Relic Armor Stone = 5-15 ton (mean = 10 ton)
Reworked Core Stone = 0.25 - 3 ton (mean = 1.5 ton)all stone has gamma=167 lb/ft3
1v:3h
South North
1v:1.5h
1v:2h1v:2h
=optional area to use concrete armor units
= NC1 select armor units: 5 to -10 ft MLLW; for stone = 20 - 40 ton (mean =28 ton)
Scoured seabed armored with relic stone
=area to use concrete armor units - would preclude land access along crest for futre repair unless cap is placed
Relic Stone
NORTH JETTY MAJOR REHABILATION-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10
01020304050
-260 -240 -220 -200 -180 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Ocean/Beach SideChannel Side
Present Seabed
Relic Armor Stone Original Seabed
1v:3h
1v:2.5h
South North
Scoured seabed armored with relic stone
1v:2.5h
1v:3h
= NH1 concrete armor units: 10 to -10 ft MLLW = 15-25 ton (mean = 20 ton), or sized as needed to resist wave actionNH2 Relic Stone: -10 to -20 ft MLLW = 25-45 ton (mean = 34 ton)
all stone has gamma=167 lb/ft3
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
-260 -240 -220 -200 -180 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Ocean/Beach Side
Channel Side
Existing Core Stone
Relic Armor Stone Benson Beach
Original Seabed
Interim Repair = 6-15 ton (mean = 10 ton)Relic Armor Stone = 5-15 ton (mean = 10 ton)
Core Stone = 0.25 - 3 ton (mean = 1.5 ton)all stone has gamma=167 lb/ft3
1v:1.5h
South North
Scoured seabed armored with relic stone
10 T
New Rock
Sand Foundation
Existing Rock
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
-260 -240 -220 -200 -180 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Ocean/Beach Side
Channel Side
Existing Core Stone
Relic Armor Stone
Original Seabed
Interim Repair = 6-15 ton (mean = 10 ton)Relic Armor Stone = 5-15 ton (mean = 10 ton)
Core Stone = 0.25 - 3 ton (mean = 1.5 ton)all stone has gamma=167 lb/ft3
1v:1.5h
South North
Scoured seabed armored with relic stone
New Rock
Sand Foundation
Existing Rock
Gravel
Sand
Existing Ground
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Selected Plan
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Year, after 1917
Pro
ba
bilit
y o
f S
ati
sfa
cto
ry P
erf
orm
an
ce
, P
(S)
MONTE CARLO: Variation in North Jetty "Structure Reliability" during :1917-2006
Historical Condition - Dynamic Reliability, P(s)
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Year, after 2006
Pro
bab
ility
of
Sa
tisf
act
ory
Per
form
ance
, P(S
)
MONTE CARLO: Variation in North Jetty "Structure Reliability" during :2006-2070
REHAB Option B - Dynamic Reliability, P(s)
Reliability: Major feature restoration consisting of structural work on Corps operated and maintained facility
• Goal: Develop the most cost-effective reliable structure that serves the purpose for the navigation channel
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Applicable Environmental Laws
• NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act)– Mitigated FONSI Environmental Assessment
• CWA (Clean Water Act)• CZMA (Coastal Zone Management Act)• ESA (Endangered Species Act)
– Biological Assessment– Biological Opinion
• Marine Mammal Protection Act• Magnuson-Stevens Act
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Potential Impacts
• Listed Species and Critical Habitat• Impacts to Aquatic Organisms• Impacts to Commercial and Recreational
Fisheries• Essential Fish Habitat• Cultural Resources• Socio-Economic• Section 404 Waters and Wetlands
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ESA Species in Project Vicinity 13 Runs of Salmonids
Chinook Salmon
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Juvenile Fish Studies
North Jetty Disposal Site
Jetty A
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ESA Species in Project Vicinity Pelagic Mammals and Turtles
Right Whale
Green Sea Turtle
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ESA Species in Project Vicinity Birds (Pelican, Eagle, Murrelet, Plover)
Pelican
Plover
Eagle
Murrelet
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ESA Species in Project Vicinity
Steller Sea Lions
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Other Species of Concern
Dungeness CrabCalifornia Sea Lion
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