MOUNTAINS

HIGHEST AND LOWEST PEAKS

• Highest Peak in the world - The Everest (8850 meters)

• Lowest Peak in the world - Mount Wycheproof (43 meters)

HOW ARE MOUNTAINS FORMED?• When tectonic plates collide, land features

that start as folds and faults can eventually become large mountain ranges.• Mountains exist because tectonic plates

are continually moving around and colliding with one another.

THE 7 PLATES

Types of Mountains

CLASSIFICATION OF MOUNTAINS

• Mountains are classified based on how they formed.

• There are three main types:• Volcanic• Folded• Fault-block

Appalachian Mountains in the U.S.

VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS

HOW IS A VOLCANO FORMEDVolcanoes are formed when magma from within the Earth's upper mantle works its way to the surface. At the surface, it erupts to form lava flows and ash deposits. Over time as the volcano continues to erupt, it will get bigger and bigger.

The melted rock that spills out of the crater on the top of the volcano is called lava. The lava destroys everything in its path because it is very, very hot!

A volcano erupts when magma and gases find a way to escape, so they burst to the surface through a vent. An eruption can be quite gentle or very violent.

Why does a volcano erupt?

• How many? 1511 volcanoes in last 10,000 years

• The biggest? > 80,000 km3, Mauna Loa (Hawaii)

• The highest? 6,887 m, Ojos del Salado (Chile)

• The biggest eruption? 2,500 km3, Yellowstone, 2.2 Ma (USA)

• First volcanologist? 79 AD - Pliny the Younger

• Total deaths? 238,000 (1600-1982)

Volcano facts

TYPES OF VOLCANO

Volcanoes can be active, dormant or extinct.• A volcano is active, or alive, when it erupts often.• When a volcano is dormant, or sleeping, it has not erupted for a long time – but it might in the future.• A volcano is extinct, or dead, when it hasn’t erupted for at least 100,000 years.

VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS• Formed from lava or debris, such as ash

or rocks, thrown out of a volcano.

• They are built up from eruptions that occur over thousands or even millions of years.

• Mount Fuji in Japan is a volcanic mountain.

FOLD MOUNTAINS

FOLDED MOUNTAINS• Mountains formed by the folding of rock layers.• Most are formed at convergent boundaries where

continents have collided.• They form when rock layers are squeezed together

and pushed upward.• .

FOLDED MOUNTAINS• The highest mountain ranges in the world are made

up of folded mountains.• Example: Himalayas in Asia

BLOCK MOUNTAINS

BLOCK MOUNTAINS• Formed when tension causes large blocks of the

Earth’s crust to drop down relative to other blocks.• Mountains that have sharp, jagged peaks.• Example: Sierra Nevada Mountains in California

BLOCK MOUNTAINS• Formed when tension causes large blocks

of the Earth’s crust to drop down relative to other blocks.

BLOCK MOUNTAINS

• Mountains that have sharp, jagged peaks.

• The Grand Tetons in Wyoming & the Sierra Nevada in California are fault-block mountains.

FACTS ON OUR MIGHTY MOUNTAINS

Mountains are a common sight on this planet.They make up one-fifth of the world's landscapeMountains are an important source of water, energy and biological diversity. About 80 per cent of our planet's fresh water originates in the mountains.The wild vegetation are surrounding the mountains The beautiful and rich greenery of the mountains, and the rare medicinal plants of the mountains are endangered.

Mountains are rich in mineralsMountains are impressionable

to rough weather and accelerated soil erosionMountains are blessed with rare and valuable metals

The precious stones of mountains find their application in modern living.

The thick forests of the mountain ecosystem bring

rainfall This prevents increase in temperatureMountains are impressionable

to rough weather and accelerated soil erosion

Mountains in daily life

DASHRATH MANJHI

THE MAN WHO BROKE A MOUNTAIN

• Gehlour Ganj Mountain – • A 300-foot tall mountain loomed between them and

all the basic facilities that they had always longed for. “That mountain had shattered so many pots and claimed so many lives. I could not bear that it had hurt my wife. If it took all my life now, I would carve us a road through the mountain.”

HIS REASON TO BRAKE THE MOUNTAIN

• Phaguni his wife fell ill. The doctor was in Wazirganj, which stood just on the other side of the mountain, but the road leading to it was 75 kilometers long. Unable to make the journey, she passed away. Her death not only enraged him more, it spurred him on. It was not an easy task. He would often get hurt by the rocks falling from the unyielding mountain. He would rest and then start again. At times, he helped people carry their things over the mountain for a small fee, money to feed his children. After 10 years, as Manjhi chipped away, people saw a cleft in the mountain and some came to help. The government rewarded his efforts with a plot of land; Manjhi promptly donated the land back for a hospital. They also nominated him for the ‘Padma Shree’, but the forest ministry officials fought the nomination, calling his work illegal. “I do not care for these awards, this fame, the money,” he said. “All I want is a road, a school, and a hospital for our people. They toil so hard. It will help their women and children.”

LORD HANUMAN

THE GOD WHO LIFTED A MOUNTAIN

• Dronagiri mountain -• When Lakshmana is severely wounded during the

battle against Indrajit, Hanuman is sent to fetch the Sanjivani, a powerful life-restoring herb, from Dronagiri mountain in the Himalayas, to revive him

MOVIES• The best source of entertainment, Movies are also

shot in the mountains some of them are • Yeh Jawani Hai Dewani • Bajrangi Bhaijan• Manjhi – The Mountain Man • Alive • Shoot to Kill • K2 • Everest

MANJHI – THE MOUNTAIN MAN

• Manjhi - The Mountain Man is a 2015 Indian biographical film, based on the life of Dashrath Manjhi. Manjhi, widely known as the "Mountain Man", was a poor labourer in Gehlaur village, near Gaya in Bihar, India, who carved a path 9.1 metres (30 ft) wide and 110 metres (360 ft) long through a hill 7.6 metres (25 ft) using only a hammer and chisel. The film is directed by Ketan Mehta, jointly produced by Viacom 18 Motion Pictures and NFDC India.Upon release the film received positive critical acclaim.

• Nawazuddin Siddiqui enacted the role of Dashrath Manjhi, while Radhika Apte played Manjhi's wife. The film was released worldwide on 21 August 2015. Prior to its release preview copy of movie leaked on web on 10 August 2015. The Bandra-Kurla Complex (BKC) cyber police station had registered a case against a few unknown persons for leaking the movie. The Bihar State Government declared the film tax-free on 30 July 2015.

EVEREST• Everest is a 2015 survival film directed by Baltasar

Kormákur and written by William Nicholson and Simon Beaufoy. The film stars are Jason Clarke, Josh Brolin, John Hawkes, Robin Wright, Michael Kelly, Sam Worthington, Keira Knightley, Emily Watson and Jake Gyllenhaal. This movie shows about survival of people and their tenacity which helps them to climb Mount Everest.

QUIZ TIME !!!• What is the name of the

smallest peak in the world and what is its height ?

• By which two processes are mountains ranges formed ?

• Mount Wycheproof; 43 meters

• Folds and Faults