1

Invest in people!

EUROPEAN SOCIAL FUND

Sectoral Operational Program Human Resources Development 2007 - 2013

Priority Axis 3 "Increasing adaptability of workers and enterprises"

Key Area of Intervention 3.3 " Development of partnerships and encouraging initiatives for

social partners and civil society."

Project Title: “Network of Competent Authorities for Professional Qualifications in Romania

(IMI PQ NET Romania)"

Contract no. POSDRU/93/3.3/S/53132

GUIDE FOR THE CERTIFICATION AND RECOGNITION OF CERTAIN PROFESSIONS

IN THE TOURISM, LEISURE AND SPORTS SECTOR,

MOUNTAIN RESCUER,

SKI, SNOWBOARDING AND SNOW SLIDING SPORTS MONITOR

Author: Paula POSEA

General Domain II

GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA

Ministry of Education European Union

GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA

Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Protection and

Elderly

MASOPHRD

European Social Fund

SOP HRD

2007-2013

Structural Instruments

2007 - 2013

2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 3

1. Regulatory situation in Romania and other EU member states 4

1.1. Regulatory situation in Romania of Mountain Rescuer, 4

1.2. Regulatory situation of Ski Monitor in Romania and other EU member

states

5

2. Validation / certification of competencies procedures applied by the

competent authorities of the countries where the profession is regulated

8

2.1 Competencies validation / certification procedure for practicing the

profession of mountain rescuers in Romania

8

2.2. Competencies validation / certification procedure for practicing the

profession of mountain rescuers in Italy

9

2.3. Competencies validation / certification procedure for practicing the

profession of Ski Monitor in Europe

12

2.3.1. Validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of ski

Monitor in Romania

13

2.3.2. Validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of ski

Monitor in Austria

14

2.3.3. Validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of ski

Monitor in Germany

14

2.3.4. Validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of ski

Monitor in Italy

16

3. Processes of recognition of qualifications acquired in other EU Member

States

18

3.1 The process of recognition in Romania of the qualifications of mountain

rescuer and ski monitor acquired in other EU Member States

18

3.2 The process of recognition in Italy of the qualifications of ski monitor

acquired in other EU Member States

18

3.3 The process of recognition in Germany of the qualifications of ski

monitor acquired in other EU Member States

19

SOLVIT 22

Conclusions 25

List of abbreviations used in the paper 26

Bibliography 27

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INTRODUCTION

The guide for the certification and recognition of certain professions in the tourism, leisure

and sports sector, respectively the mountain rescuer and ski, snowboarding and snow sliding

sports monitor is one of the results of the IMIPQNET project that aims to support the

competent authorities that manage these professions.

Within the IMI PQ NET Romania project there have been analyzed and developed, together

with the competent authorities, the procedures for validation and certification of competences

and qualifications recognition processes for each regulated profession and there have been

developed common procedural elements for each competent authority. Through their

aggregating and synthesizing there have been established common procedural elements on

each domain and, on this basis, there have been developed standard procedures for validation

and certification of competencies covering all regulated professions and recognition of

qualifications.

The analysis was performed for Romania and another 8 EU MS (Austria, Czech Republic,

Denmark, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, Netherlands and Spain). There were performed

researches in the European legislation and of the countries concerned on the modality to

acquiring the qualifications, vocational education and training system, types of documents

(diplomas, certificates, attestations of competency, etc.) which may be obtained for the

certification preparation, regulations regarding validation, certification and recognition of

qualifications, regulated professions under Directive 2005/36/EC on recognition of

professional qualifications.

For some of these countries (Denmark, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, Netherlands and

Spain) were organized within the project study visits with the participation of the experts from

the working groups set within the project, and experts from the Ministry of National

Education and National Qualifications Authority. During these visits it was extended the base

of information collection during the meetings with the representatives of the competent

authorities of the host countries.

The purpose of this analysis is to facilitate the responsible institutions but also to the

stakeholders, the knowledge and understanding of the profession (profession) analyzed in

several European countries, compared to Romania with the purpose of legislation adaptation

and facilitate mobility in the European labour market. This guide is based on the standard

terms of reference for guidance of the procedures for validation and certification of

competences and of recognition of qualifications processes, developed within the project and

validated in the workshop of the working groups held in Sinaia in the period 24 to 27 April

2013.

Realization of the guide for the certification and recognition of mountain rescuer and ski,

snowboarding and snow sliding sports monitor aims to:

• Support the competent authorities of Romania in their efforts to standardize the certification

and recognition of regulated professions they manage by informing them about the practices

of other EU Member States;

• Inform all persons who have acquired qualifications in their field of activity in Romania and

want to practice the profession in one of the EU Member States presented in the guide.

In developing these guide we received the support of the representatives of the two competent

authorities in the Working Group for the General Domain II of the IMIPQNET project, to

whom I wish to thank.

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1. Regulatory situation in Romania and other EU member states

1.1. Regulatory situation in Romania of Mountain Rescuer,

Mountain rescuers profession is considered in different manners in the Member States of the

European Union, being regulated profession only in Romania [2]. The work of mountain

rescuers is in most countries an mixed organized activity with permanent employees, seasonal

employees and partners - volunteers, the latter being however well remunerated for their

services or benefiting from reductions of taxes. Mountain rescuers in Europe are organized in

over 60 institutions or public services at national, regional level or associations that ensure

accident prevention, mountain emergency services for tourists and educational activities on

the security / safety of travel on the mountain. The lists of these institutions are on the website

of the International Alpine Rescue Committee IKAR- CISA, http://www.ikar-cisa.org. [1]

In Romania there is the National Association of Mountain Rescue in Romania-ANSMR, first

degree member of the International Alpine Rescue Committee, CISA-IKAR, and which

according to the Law no.200 / 2004 [2] is the competent authority for the profession in

Romania.

The mountain rescuer occupation is registered in the Classification of Occupations in

Romania [3] Minor Group 541-Workers in the protective services, with code 541 904. For the

occupations included in this group, the level of education / training requested is secondary

education.

In Romania mountain rescuers profession is regulated by Law no. 200/2004 supplemented by

GEO no. 109/2007, but it is not regulated in all Member States of the European Union.

In Romania this profession is assigned to regulated professions for which period of study is

less than 3 years of higher education [2].

The Government Decision no. 77/23 January 2003 establishing measures for mountain

accident prevention and the organization of rescue in the mountains specify some of the duties

of the National Association of Mountain Rescuers in Romania-ANSMR regarding the

training, evaluation and authorization of Mountain Rescuer and the conditions for access to

the profession as follows:

The National Association of Mountain Rescue in Romania has, in the field of prevention of

accidents and mountain rescue activity organization in the mountains, the following tasks:

a) coordinate from technical point of view the activity mountain rescue across the country,

with the power to issue binding technical norms in mountain rescue activity;

b) organize the qualifying examination in the profession of mountain rescuer;

c) organize training forms of mountain rescuers;

d) organize periodic certification examinations of the mountain rescuers;

e) confers and withdraw the right of free practice in the profession of mountain rescuer;

f) impose the disciplinary sanctions to its members;

g) organize special teams of mountain rescuers;

h) perform any other functions provided by its statute.

The National Association of Mountain Rescue from Romania is recognized as a public utility

association.

A mountain rescuer can become any person who meets the following conditions:

a) is aged 18 years;

b) does not have a criminal record;

c) has a good health condition confirmed by medical records;

d) has undergone the professional training types and completed a training post-graduate

course, established by the National Association of Mountain Rescue from Romania;

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e) has a decent and moral conduct;

f) has passed the qualifying examination in the profession organized by The National

Association of Mountain Rescue from Romania.

Mountain rescuers are required to attend at intervals set by The National Association of from

Romania Mountain Rescue to the exams for reconfirm the right to practice the profession of

mountain rescuer.

Non-participation or failure in examinations provided voids the free practice of the mountain

rescuer profession [13].

Among the analysed countries Italy has one well defined similar profession Operatore di

soccorso alpino (mountain rescue operator).

1.2. Regulatory situation of Ski Monitor in Romania and other EU member states

In Romania the occupation ski, snowboarding and snow sliding sports monitor is registered in

the Classification of Occupations in Romania [3] Minor Group 342-Workers in the field of

sports and physical training, with code 342 214. For occupations included in this group, the

requested level of education / training is secondary or post-secondary.

Ski Monitor profession (Ski Instructor) is not yet regulated in Romania, but is regulated in

Switzerland and 3 EU Member States (Austria, Germany, Italy) as shown in the picture below

[4].

Source: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifications/regprof/index.cfm

Although in our country it is not yet regulated profession, Romania is a signatory, along with

other 8 MS, of the Memorandum of Understanding on the establishment of a pilot project for

a professional card that will issued to the ski instructors [5].

The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) aims to establish a pilot project for issuing

professional cards for professional ski instructors in the context of Directive 2005/36/EC on

the recognition of professional qualifications.

The Memorandum of Understanding shall apply between the nine EU Member States, namely

Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Romania, Spain and the United

Kingdom. As regards Italy, the memorandum does not apply to autonomous provinces of

Bolzano and Trento. At this point, the Memorandum of Understanding does not involve other

European Union member states. The Memorandum of Understanding aims to replace and ease

the national complex and comprehensive requirements regarding the professional recognition

of professional ski instructors which are who currently applied by EU Member States

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mentioned above. As a pilot project, the memorandum of understanding has limited

application in time.

The MoU applies from 15 September 2012 until 30 June 2013. Therefore, it is a pilot project

whose effect should be tested during a winter season.

The Memorandum of Understanding provides that the ski instructors who have passed

"Eurotest" and gained in their home Member State the safety competencies in accordance

with the "Euro-Security” test requirements as well as pedagogical competencies for the

highest degree of qualification as a professional ski instructor pilot will receive a professional

card in their country of origin.

Professional card will be recognized by all nine EU Member States applying the MoU. This

will allow ski instructors benefit from automatic recognition of their qualifications in these

countries [5]

The national contact point is in Romania CNRED, www.cnred.edu.ro

In Table no.1 is presented the situation of these professions in accordance with Directive

2005/36/EC on the recognition of professional qualifications

Table no.1

MS Profession title

SM/EN/RO Competent Authority Name Qualification Level

Recognition

according to

Directive

2005/36/CE

ROMANIA - - - -

AUSTRIA

Schneesportlehrer /

(Ski

instructor)/instructor

de schi

BUNDESLÄNDER (details

available from Contact

Point Bundesministerium

für Wirtschaft, Familie und

Jugend/Regiuni/ details at

contact point

Ministry of Economy,

Family and Youth

SEC – Certificate which

certify graduation of secondary course , Art.

11 b

General system of

recognition – first

application

GERMANY

(Skilehrer/in) /

Ski

instructor/instructor

de schi

Zentralstelle für

ausländisches

Billdungswesen/ Central

Bureau of Education

Lennénstr. 6

53113 Bonn

SEC - Certificate which

certify graduation of

secondary course , Art. 11 b

General system of recognition – first

application

ITALY

Maestro di sci;

snowboard/Ski

instructor/monitor

de schi şi

snowboard

Presidenza del Consiglio

dei Ministri

Ufficio per lo Sport/

Presidency of the Council

of Ministers, the Sport

Office Via del Corso n. 184

(Galleria RAS) - Scala B -

00186 Roma

Tel: +39 06 6779 7995

Fax: +39 06 6779 6198

www.sportgoverno.it/come-

DSE - Diploma (post-

secondary education), including Annex II (ex

92/51, Annex C,D) , Art.

11 c

General system of

recognition – first

application

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MS Profession title

SM/EN/RO Competent Authority Name Qualification Level

Recognition

according to

Directive

2005/36/CE

fare-per/maestri-di-sci---

snowboard.aspx

In terms of professionals mobility between member states of the European Union, the two

graphs from Figures 1 and 2 show that the top five countries from which people qualify as ski

monitor (Great Britain, France, Germany, Slovenia, Romania) and who requested

establishment in the host countries are Italy and Austria where their qualification was

recognized.

Figure no. 1 shows as a graph the top five countries of origin for individuals qualified as ski

monitor. Fig. 2 shows the countries where these qualified individuals have established to

practice and where they were qualification obtained in the country of origin was recognized.

In Table no.2 is illustrated the number of recognitions / individuals who migrate and

established in another country for the period 2001/2002-2011, the top five countries of origin.

The charts are based on statistics provided by MS and are updated according to the search

criteria entered (2001/2002-2011 period, all MS) [4].

Figure no. 1 The five countries where the professionals have migrated and acquired

qualifications

Table no. 2

Qualification

obtained in

Recognition in the host country

Austria Italy

Austria - 6

Germany 11 3

Romania - 13

United Kingdom 3 35

8

France - 15

*) Figures no.1 no.2 and Table no.2 were made by the author by processing the data on EC

website

Figure no.2 first countries in which professionals have recognized their qualifications

For temporary mobility during 2010 for the host country Austria there were 10 applications,

four from Slovenia and 6 from United Kingdom.

2. Validation / certification of competencies procedures applied by the competent authorities

of the countries where the profession is regulated

2.1 Competencies validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of

mountain rescuers in Romania

In Romania, according to HG nr.77/23 January 2003, the initial and continuous training,

certification and validation of competences of the mountain rescuer are under the

responsibility of the National Mountain Rescue Association in Romania (ANSMR). ANSMR

Statute [14] establishes that this organization:

- organize the qualifying examination in the profession of mountain rescuer;

- organize training forms of mountain rescuers;

- organize periodic certification examinations of the mountain rescuers;

- confers and withdraw the right of free practice in the profession of mountain rescuer;

The Association has a training base in Padina of Bucegi Mountains, where there are provided

training and certification conditions for the mountain rescuers. The training programs as well

as the certification/attestation procedures are not accessible as official public documents on

the association's website.

2.2. Competencies validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of

mountain rescuers in Italy

In Italy, the mountain rescuer is not a regulated profession, the mountain rescuers activity was

organized by the CNSAS- Corpo nazionale soccorso alpino e speleologico ("National Body

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for Alpine and Speleological Rescue"). The activity of this organization is organized under

Law No. 74 of 21 March 2001, published in the Official Gazette No. 74 of 29 March 2001,

amending Law no. 91 of 26 January 1963. Italy recognizes the value of social solidarity and

the role of public utility service to the CNSAS and of the Italian Alpine Club (CAI).

The CNSAS is an operative structure of the Italian Alpine Club (CAI) that possesses

functional autonomy and patrimony organizational within the meaning of Article 6 of Decree

Law no. 419/99 [6].

The CNSAS as national operational structure of the National System of Civil Protection based

on the Law nr.225 of 24 February 1992, modified successively, contributes to the rescue in

case of disasters together with the civil protection structures as part of their technical and

institutional expertise. The CNSAS also works closely with the National Health Service.

Vocational training, professional certification as well as periodic verification of the technical

functioning of the CNSAS dogs units are governed by the national schools mentioned below.

Training, certification, regular update and verification activity is attested by registering in the

personal logbook. The organizations operating in the alpine and speleological rescue may, by

special arrangements with the CNSAS, to provide technical training staff. The CNSAS

propose to the National Civil Aviation Safety Authority (ENAC) the certification of persons

qualified as helicopter rescue technician.

Within the CNSAS the following national schools are identified and recognized:

a) National School of alpine rescue techniques

b) National School of speleological rescue techniques;

c) National School for emergency physicians in the mountain environment;

d) National School for emergency physicians in the underground environment;

e) National School for avalanche research dogs;

f) National School for research on surface dogs;

g) National School for canyons rescue;

h) National School for supervisors of rescue operations.

The national schools activity is regulated by specific operational regulations. The following

identified and recognized qualifications are provided by the National Schools mentioned

above:

a) mountain rescue technician-TESA;

b) helicopter rescue technician;

c) avalanche dogs conductor

d) surface search dogs conductor;

e) emergency physician in the mountain environment;

f) emergency physician in the underground environment;

g) rescue technician in caves;

h) rescue technician in canyons;

i) director of rescue operations [6].

To access one of these qualifications is mandatory an initial training as mountain rescue

Operator (OSA- Operatore di soccorso alpino) [7].

The certification procedure as mountain rescue operator (OSA) of the CNSAS

(1) The applicant submit an application to the provincial authorities completed their

mountaineering curricula, medical certificate and sworn statement on climbing abilities and

downhill ski.

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(2) The candidate participates in a technical / practical assessment (V1) to demonstrate the

alpine abilities declared in the application. The evaluation will focus on: rock climbing with at

least 4 ° difficulty on the UIAA system, integrated crampons travel by slope up to 60 °,

preparation of an anchorage, all snow ski, elementary climbing manoeuvres with

mountaineering strings etc...

(3) If the evaluation is successful, the applicant is enrolled in the list of CNSAS aspirant’s

volunteers of the province. In this capacity it will participate in next 12 months in all activities

of the body as an observer, presenting their own attitude towards institutional goals and

objectives. During this period, it will participate in the OSA training course within the

CNSAS.

(4) At the end of the OSA course, it will take part in the final exam for acquiring the

qualification. After having acquired the OSA qualification and it is considered appropriate in

terms of aptitudes, it will be inserted on the CNSAS list of the province.

Training program content - Evaluation for acquiring the qualification of MOUNTAIN

RESCUE OPERATOR (OSA)

1. Selection (2 days)

Selection on the rock (1 day)

Rock climbing on head rope on a 4 ° UIAA trail

Preparation of the workshop and execution of double rope descent

Preparing of the anchorage point using natural and artificial points

Knots, methods of self-insurance and insurance of teammate on the rock

Selection on ice-snow side (1 day)

Movement with crampons on mixed and classical ground

Preparation of the anchorage point on snow and / or ice

Movement uphill and downhill with touring ski on different types of snow

2. Training Module (6 days)

2.1 Training on the rock (2 days)

• testing rock climbing for the route 4 ° UIAA difficulty

• natural and artificial Insurance

• Techniques for self-insurance and insurance

• Descent into double rope

• Individual descent with the junction rope and load

• Systems of catching up with lifting devices (configuration of lifting pulley)

• Installation and use of rescue stretcher.

2.2 Training on the snow (2 days)

• Techniques of ascent and descent with ski mountaineering equipment on different types of

snow

• The use of ARVA equipment (analogue and digital)

• Sensitivity test trial the using avalanche probe

• Systems of individual and team survey

• anchoring / insurance points on snow

• Presentation and use a stretcher to transport injured on snow covered ground

2.3 The training on ice (1 day)

• Movement with integral crampons on ice and snow and / or mixed (possible paths of

multiple lengths)

• Basic Knots

• Work In chord on ice and mixed terrain with ice / snow

• anchoring / insurance points on ice

• recovery systems to the crevice and / or slopes and ridges

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2.4 Training for the search of the missing (1 day)

• guidance on land using the cartographical materials and specific instruments (altimeter,

compass and GPS)

• methodology and search technique

• simulation of missing persons search intervention on various types of land

• radio communication

3. Assessment module (2 days)

3.1 Assessment of the rock - search the missing (1day)

• testing rock climbing route 4 ° UIAA difficulty

• natural and artificial anchors

• Techniques for self-insurance and insurance

• Descent in dual chord

• Individual descent junction rope and load

• System recovery lifting devices (configuration of lifting pulley)

• Installation and use of transport stretcher

• practical test search the missing (verification basic concept)

3.2 Assessment of the snow-ice training (1day)

• Move with integral crampons on ice and snow and / or mixed (possible paths of multiple

lengths)

• Basic Knots

• Techniques of ascent and descent with ski mountaineering equipment on different types of

snow

• anchorage systems on ice

• recovery systems to the crevice and / or slopes and ridges

• Test the search in avalanche with the ARVA

• Intervention techniques in avalanche

4. Checking the qualifications of the O.S.A.

4.1 Verification of Working on the rock (1 day)

• testing rock climbing route 4 ° UIAA difficulty

• natural and artificial anchorages

• Techniques for self-insurance and insurance

• Descent in double rope

• Individual descent with the junction rope and load

• Systems of recovery with lifting devices (configuration of lifting devices pulley)

• Installation of mountain rescue stretcher

• Search the missing practical test (verification of basic concept)

4.2 Checking Working on snow-ice (1day)

• Movement with the integral crampons on ice and snow and \ / or mixed

• Basic Knots

• Techniques of ascent and descent of the ski mountaineering equipment on different types of

snow

• anchorage systems on ice

• recovery systems to the crevice and / or slopes and ridges

• Test search with the ARVA avalanche

• Intervention techniques in avalanche

It was presented all this procedure in Italy [7] because it is similar to that practiced in

Romania for assessment, certification and validation of a mountain rescuer.

From analyzes conducted and discussions with the representatives of ANSMR in within the

workshops carried out by the project revealed that the procedure practiced in Romania is close

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to that of Italy. But it is necessary that ANSMR to publish this procedure through its site to be

accessible to those interested.

2.3. Competencies validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of Ski

Monitor in Europe

In most countries of the European Union the ski and snow sports monitors competencies are

subject to regulations. This is necessary because these competencies are related to a number

of risks. There are however notorious differences in the training the ski and snow sports

monitors between the different EU countries. An agreement signed on 28.03.2000 by ten

professional associations requires that the mandatory training to contain three modules:

Technical Skills, Snow and security and communication competences.

Considering the dangers that come with the practice of these sports, the training requirements

must be maintained at the highest possible standard.

The exercise of this profession the protection of customers requires acquisition a number of

competencies considered as essential technical skills. If is necessary, the needed adaptation

measures must be monitored and validated by testing professional competence in order to

justify an level sufficient to those defined by the laws and regulations. This allows the safe

and neutral assessment of knowledge and practical abilities

EUROTEST professional competence examination is the best way to ensure that the

candidate has at the same time techniques and aptitudes to implement rescue and first aid

devices.

In the decisions of 25.07.2000 and 01.06.2001 and on a request for derogation made by

Germany, France, Italy and Austria to the Article 14 of the Directive 92/51/EEC for

recognizing some vocational training the field of sport, the Commission recognizes that the

profession ski and snow sports monitor are of a particular danger and thus ensuring the

security may be invoked as a reason of general interest.

According to this decision, the Member States concerned are authorized to derogate the

migrant right to chose freely among an aptitude test and an adaptation period, if his training

shows substantial differences with respect to what is required in the host Member State and

this gap can not be met through professional experience. According to the European

Commission the EUROTEST aptitude test is a reliable and objective verification of how the

candidate acts in a real situation. Established after 2000, the EUROTEST is since then

implemented for all participants with complete transparency and in a totally professional

manner. This ensures in particular high competence of the organizations they manage in

Germany, France, Italy and Austria.

The module of ski technique introduced by France, Britain, Italy and Austria and which is part

of the aptitude test, corresponding to the highest demands minimal technical knowledge

required to the professional of ski and snow sports monitor. The ski monitors professional

Federations, the European Union and the competent authorities may require Eurotests results.

The Euro Security module

The technical and practical knowledge for safe mobility in the ski space and knowledge of the

alpine dangers represents an indispensable way for recognizing of ski and snow sports

monitor professions [8].

European Federation of Professional Ski Monitors -FEMPS

13

Based on the agreement of 28.03.2000 FEMPS continues the activities and the strong

partnership with the European Commission on the issue of professional qualifications.

The main activities in which FEMPS is engage represents the guarantee of high quality

required for the minimum requirements for ski and snow sports monitors (professional ski

monitors / instructors) at the level of ski schools customers' security and the implementation

of the essential adjustments of three modules provided in the agreement of 28.03.2000.

Ski Monitor Green Card

At the European level, many countries have expressed their interest in broadening the access

to "EUROTEST" of more countries in order to make easier the passing of exam for aspirants

to the profession of ski monitor.

EU Internal Market Commissioner Michel Barnier hosted several meetings with European ski

monitors representatives in order to agree to reform of EUROTEST. Austria, Belgium,

Germany, France, Romania, Spain and the UK have signed a memorandum of understanding

in February 2011 to establish a pilot project for a professional card which will be issued to the

EU ski monitors. The memorandum states that the ski monitors who have passed

"EUROTEST" and have acquired competencies in their countries of origin in accordance with

the "Euro-security" safety related test requirements as well as pedagogical competences

required for a diploma of the highest qualification will receive a pilot professional card from

home country. This professional card will be recognized by all signatories to the

Memorandum and will allow the ski monitors to benefit from automatic recognition of their

qualifications in the signatory countries.

2.3.1. Validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of ski Monitor in

Romania

In the European Inventory of ski monitor vocational training conducted during the

Memorandum of Understanding on the establishment of a pilot project for a professional card

that will be issued to the ski instructors [5], in the description of the institutional framework in

Romania, it is stated that for the training vocational of ski monitors, are authorized, under the

law, several organizations, respectively:

- Romanian Federation of ski and biathlon;

- Romanian School of Ski -ANSMR / ANSSR (undergoing authorization);

- AMPSR.

Romanian School of ski was the leader in monitoring the ski schools and the training of ski

monitors under the supervision the Romanian Federation of ski and biathlon. Romanian

School of ski official method for learning developed the alpine ski in Romania [5].

Romanian School of Ski is a national concept, unitary, developed by the National Association

of Schools of ski in Romania (ANSSR) and the National Association of Ski Monitors in

Romania (ANMSR) that aims to formalize common method system for teaching alpine ski

technique, promotion of authorized ski schools and of ski / snowboarding certified monitors.

The concept applies both to the organization and to carrying out the specific learning

activities on snow as well as in training and specialization of ski, snowboarding and snow

sliding sports monitors.

The teaching methods system of the alpine ski technique, developed by the Romanian School

of Ski, has a three gradual level structure in which there are subdivisions (classes) that

outlines the basic module (A) and the advanced (B) [15].

The three technical levels correspond to learning traineeships: Beginner (Level I),

14

Intermediate (Level II) and advanced (level III) and involves specific objectives, on each

level. Within each technical level there are its division (A, B), where class A represents the

base module, namely fundamental entrance actions and B the advanced module of the

technical level. The IIIrd technical level, respectively the advanced level, has three classes (A,

B, C), where A is the base module, B is the advanced module and C is the competition

module involving initiation in the competition technique. This structure is used efficiently

both in learning as well as in control (evaluation), for easier identification of the technical

level at which is at a certain moment a trainee.

The examination for obtaining Class I (Ist Category Ski Monitor) contains:

- a theoretical and methodological test;

- EUROSECURITY test;

- EUROTEST.

The EUROTEST is introduced in the training program of Ist Category Ski Monitor and is

organized for the purpose of applying the provisions of Annex no. 1 of the Memorandum of

Understanding on the establishment of a pilot project for the a professional card that will be

issued to the ski instructors [15].

2.3.2. Validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of ski Monitor in

Austria

In Austria the qualification of Certified Ski Monitor (ski monitors certified by the state) is

restricted by law. Implementation of training courses for the monitors’ certification exam as is

transferred to Landesskilehrer associations. The Landesskilehrer associations and state

governments agreed with the federal government that training of the monitors to be conducted

at the Federal Institute of Physical Education (National Sports Academy-BMUKK).

Provision of training for the qualification of Certified Ski Monitor has been delegated to the

National Sports Academy in Innsbruck. The training is divided into two semesters (theoretical

and practical content). The “Euro-test” and complete Alpine training "Euro-Security” are

integral parts of the training. Polyvalent training is a major factor in the ski training organized

by the Austrian state. Participants receive training that is not only an excellent and

comprehensive education in an alpine ski but also a high quality education in snowboarding,

nordic ski and alternative snow sports (extreme sports). In addition, state graduates ski

monitors have the opportunity to complete Skiführerausbildung (training for the mountain ski

guide).

Registration requirements for the certification:

• The local ski Monitor training

• Additional training for snowboarding

• Age 18 years

• health official certificate

• aptitude test graduated positively [9]

2.3.3. Validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of ski Monitor in

Germany

In Germany there are several ski monitor qualifications, depending on the level at which

activates the qualified person (local, regional, national).

The training structure of the "ski monitors" is given below for the four types of monitors.

Qualification Training organisation Training days UD (teaching units)*

The local ski monitor Regional training 14 90

15

(with basic training) course and exam in

the location of the

DSV association

Regional ski monitor Regional training

course and exam in

the location of the

DSV association

20 130

Ski monitor certified

by the association

The training and

testing at central

level through DSV

Association and the

Faculty of Sports

Science from the

Munich Technical

University

37,5 296

National certified ski

monitor

The training and

testing at central

level through DSV

Association and the

Faculty of Sports

Science from the

Munich Technical

University

National certified ski

monitor

The training and

testing at central

level through DSV

Association and the

Faculty of Sports

Science from the

Munich Technical

University

1 UD (teaching unit) is equal to 90 minutes

To access the training course for certification as authorized ski Monitor at national level it

must meet the following preliminary conditions:

• completion of a course of 5 days within a ski school for the qualification of Ski monitor aid

• accident site first aid course with a duration of 2 days

• Testing the aptitudes: ski technique, giant slalom, country ski, Pedagogy

The monitors training within the DSV, which can be divided into licensing and training is

oriented towards competitive sports activities of the sports clubs, associations and sports bases

and is divided into three or five stages. In the accordance with the DOSB authorized

traineeships, the formation takes place for the:

• First level of license for coach C.

• The second level of license for Coach B

• The third level of license coach A

in cooperation with the Training Academy of Cologne and the University of Leipzig also for:

• the fourth level diploma of certified trainer

• the fifth level for the bachelor / master in sports training in cooperation with the Academy in

Koln and the University of Leipzig

Progressive synthesis of C / B / A / Bachelor / coaching qualifications helps to their adequate

identification for promoting among these sport qualifications [10].

The following figure illustrates a training course qualifications of the coach A / B / C within

the German Ski Association

(Deutscher Skiverband-DSV).

16

Source: http://www.deutscherskiverband.de/ausbildung_dsv-card_lizenz_uebersicht_de,337.html

2.3.4. Validation / certification procedure for practicing the profession of ski Monitor in Italy

The law governing the profession of ski monitor (maestro de sci) is the national framework

law no. 81 of 8 March 1991 [16], which establishes the basic principles for the regional

legislation with regard to the ski monitor profession. This law states the following regarding

the ski monitor profession:

The ski monitor is the person who teaches professionally, even in a non- exclusive and non-

ongoing basis, to individuals and to groups of people, all the ski techniques and

specializations, carried out with any gear type, on the ski slopes, ski trails, and even ski tours

outside track that do not involve difficulties requiring the use of climbing techniques and

materials such as rope, ice ax, crampons

The Regions are responsible to identify and delimit the ski areas where takes place the activity

of ski monitors.

Professional Register of Ski Monitors

The exercise of the profession of ski monitor is subject to enrolment in special regional

professional associations held under the supervision of the region, by the respective regional

ski monitor college defined at Article 13

Registration must be made in the register of the region in which it intends to practice its

profession

Conditions for enrolment in the registry

Structure of vocational training for the DSV School of Coaches

Coach training C

Coach training B

Coach training A

Diploma of Certified Coach

Bachelor Master

Sport Management

17

There can be registered as ski monitors the individuals who are possession of the relevant

qualification, obtained in the manner referred to in Article 6, including the following

requirements:

a) Italian citizenship or another country within the European Economic Community

(European Union);

b) age over 18 years;

c) psychophysical ability attested by certificate issued by the local health units of the

municipality of residence;

d) possession of school diploma;

e) not have a criminal record involving the disqualification, even temporary, of exercise of the

profession, unless they participated to rehabilitation.

Transfer

1. The conditions for the transfer from a professional regional to another, as well as for

temporary authorization for other regions, different from those of enrolment, are determined

by regional laws, which can make the transfer more heavily than the requirements and

limitations of those requiring registration pursuant to Articles 3 and Article 4.

The technical-educational-cultural empowerment.

The courses are organized by the regions, with the collaboration of colleges referred to in

Article 13, as well as technical bodies of the Italian Federation for Winter Sports, according to

the norm established by regional laws.

Training content

The courses have a minimum duration of 90 days of actual teaching and provide the following

basic themes:

a. ski techniques;

b. teaching;

c. mountains hazards;

d. topographic orientation, mountain environment and knowledge of own regional territory;

e. medicine and first aid concepts;

f. rights, duties and responsibilities of the teacher;

g. laws and professional regulations

Competencies of the Italian Winter Sports Federation.

1. The Italian Winter Sports Federation, as an emanation of the National Italian Olympic

Committee defines and updates the criteria and levels of ski techniques which are the subject

of ski teaching. It shall also ensure the training and discipline of national instructors, which

represent the highly technical specialized body, for the purposes provided for in Articles 6, 7,

9, 10 and 11 of this Law.

2. The regions ensure compliance, within the courses referred to in Article 6, of the criteria

and the levels referred to in paragraph 1 of the current article, in order to ensure real equality

of technical training and teaching

Examination committees

1. The examination committees are appointed by the regions, in agreement with the regional

colleges; the technical and teaching assessment of candidates is realised by a sub-committee

composed of national instructors and ski monitors.

2. The examination tests include three sections: technical, teaching and cultural. The

examination is passed if the candidate reaches the adequate grade for each of the three

sections.

18

3. The cultural section includes, among other things, aspects relating to awareness of the

mountain hazards, first aid and the rights, duties and responsibility of the ski monitor.

Specialisations

1. Regions may establish specialized courses and examinations for ski monitors.

3. Processes of recognition of qualifications acquired in other EU Member States

For the recognition of professional qualifications the Directive provides for three regimes of

recognition, namely:

A system based on preventive harmonization of formation route and provides

automatic recognition.

This system is applicable to the professions of nurse, dentist, veterinary surgeon, midwife,

architect, pharmacist and doctor.

A system based on mutual confidence between Member States (known as de the

General System). This system is applicable to a number of professions, which can vary

between Member States since the Directive does not require Member States no

regulatory obligation. It applies when the profession is regulated in Italy and if the

professional has exercised it or is entitled to exercise it in its home country.

. The recognition is not automatic but requires a comparison between the training courses -

provided for in two countries, and also the possibility in case of "substantial differences" of

compensatory measures (aptitude test or adaptation period - Article 23 of Decree).

. A regime based on professional experience acquired in the country of origin.

The system of apply to activities of artisanal, commercial or industrial type specifically listed

in Annex IV of the Directive and lays down automatic recognition in the case they meet the

conditions expressly provided for each professional category.

3.1 The process of recognition in Romania of the qualifications of mountain rescuer and ski

monitor acquired in other EU Member States

There is no legal procedure for the recognition of qualifications in Romania for the mountain

rescuer and ski monitor held by the citizens of Member States of the European Union or the

European Economic Area and acquired by them in their home countries.

3.2 The process of recognition in Italy of the qualifications of ski monitor acquired in other

EU Member States

Italy is the first country which transposed the European Directive 2005/36/CEE into the

national legislation. The Legislative Decree no. 206/2007 repeals partially or totally the

national legislation governing the issue of recognition of professional qualifications. The text

of transposition refers to the so-called "regulated" profession and the definition of Italian

regulated professions is entrusted to art. 4, paragraph 1, letter a) of LGS no. 206/07.

Transposition of Directive 2005/36/EC norms (Directive 89/48/EC and Directive 92/51/EEC,

of the Council of Europe), in the Italian national legislation was carry out as by: Decreto

Legislativo n. 206, 6 novembre 2007, Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 261 del 9 novembre 2007,

Supplemento ordinario n. 228.

For the general system for recognition, the application for recognition is submitted to the

competent authority of the host Member State (Italy). This application must be accompanied

by a series of documents and certificates listed in Annex VII of Directive 2005/36/EC.

19

Typically, the documents required in Italy for EU citizens who wish to establish themselves in

this country are:

• A copy of a valid identity document, where there is no signature of the person concerned.

• A certified copy of the qualification of specific to the profession concerned (indicating

exams needed to determine the possible existence of significant differences from national

training referred to in Article 14 of the Directive)

• A certified copy of the specific qualifications to the activity, if it is provided by the country

in which the qualification was obtained;

• A certified copy of the enrolment in the professional register of the country in which the title

was obtained only if they are provided in this country;

• The value declaration in original issued by the Diplomatic Authority or by the Italian

Consulate in the country where he was awarded the title for which recognition is required,

stating:

1. the title has been issued by a competent authority of the country of origin;

2. The access requirements for the course (basic education);

3. the title is authorized to practice in the country where it was issued;

4. duration of the training program for that Title;

5. authenticity of the signature per title (in case of inauthenticity of the title is required

legalization by the competent authorities);

6. professional activities which enable them to exercise the title in the home country.

It should be noted in this regard that, in general, is no longer necessary this document for EU

citizens, but only for non-EU countries.

. • Certificate attesting that there are no penal obstacles in the profession or professional

exercise, issued by the competent authority of the country of origin and / or provenance.

• Certificate presenting in detail any work activity in the country of origin after graduating the

qualification for which recognition is required (including practical training periods

performed).

All the documents in a foreign language must be accompanied by a translation into Italian.

This translation must have the certified the compliance with the original text through the

Italian Embassy or Consulate in the country where the document was issued, or to be attested

under oath before an Italian court.

If a certified copy is needed, EU citizens can produce, in accordance with Articles. 47 and 76

of D.P.R. 445/2000, documents as photocopy [11].

3.3 The process of recognition in Germany of the qualifications of ski monitor acquired in

other EU Member States

In Germany the German Ski Federation with DSV Deutscher Skiverband introduced the DSV

card and license to practice DOSB. The procedure for the obtaining them is hereinafter

described [10].

I. Procedure

The applicants submit a copy of test evidence (rating grades of 2.5 or more), along with first

aid certificate, DSV card and DSV license application. A presentation of the DSV card, the

DSV basic insurance license and a valid active DOSB license for each price of the services

package. An awarding of DOSB license is possible only with the membership of the club.

II Application

Contact:

Card DSV and service license

Tel: 089-85790-450

Fax: 089-85790-451

20

e-mail: dsv-card-service@deutscherskiverband.de

www.deutscherskiverband.de

cost:

Service package consisting of:

- Card DSV

- DSV basic insurance (for 1 year)

- DOSB License

The cost of benefits package: € 45

DOSB license may be issued only to club members.

Required documents:

- DSV application form (available for download as a PDF file)

- Copy of first aid certificate

- Copy of the art winter sports evaluation

- Confirmation of the club (if it is a member of a ski club)

- A passport photo

III. Recognition / Training

The learners obtain DSV-Grundstufe/Trainer - Recreational Sports C after a period of 3 years

(DOSB license: 4 years). Renewal of the license comes after a training completed (2 or 3

days), in the ski field. To record this training is a prior condition of membership of the

association.

The validity

The validity of the DSV card and DOSB license begins with the completion of vocational

training in winter sports, including the promotion of all examinations (audit trail) in

accordance with the disciplines in the DSV curriculum and is valid for 3 years / DOSB

license: 4 years (always calculated from the completion of specific training in winter sports).

IV Partner Universities

- Tuebingen University

- Berlin University

- Erding University

- Saarland University

- Potsdam University

From the analysis of the information presented is obvious the importance given in Germany

for training of ski instructors and coaches, the specialized Federation together with the DSV

Deutscher Skiverband organization and a number of universities collaborating to provide

training, certification, validation and recognition of the profession dedicated to the winter

sports. Membership of candidates to ski club and possession of DSV card and service license

are prerequisites for practicing those profession.

Standard procedure for the recognition of a qualification

Based on analysis of procedures for the recognition of qualifications for each profession

separately, it has been identified common elements of procedure for each Competent

Authority. By analyzing the elements of procedure specific to each professions, it has been

established a number of common domain-specific procedure. Based on the generalization of

the results obtained from each competent authority, and the data directly known from the

general process of recognition of qualifications / regulated professions it has been developed a

standard procedure for the recognition of regulated professions that can be represented

schematically as shown in Figure no. 3 .

21

This procedure is contained in the standard terms of reference for guidance the validation

procedures and certification of competences and processes for recognition of qualifications

obtained as a result of the project.

Figure no. 3 the standard procedure for the recognition of a qualification

4. SOLVIT

SOLVIT [12] is an on-line problem solving network in which EU Member States work

together to solve without legal proceedings problems caused by the misapplication of Internal

Market law by public authorities

SOLVIT deals with cross-border problems between a business or a citizen on the one hand

and a national public authority on the other, where there is possible misapplication of EU law.

Applicant

Applicant information

by the contact point of the host country

Submission of documents

Requested by the Competed Authority

Verification of the file content

(formal verification)

And fulfillment of the conditions (IMI)

Notifications

Supplements

If compensatory

measures are

necessary

YES NO

Is not subject to one of the

situations provided by the law no. 200

Is subject to one of the situations

provided by the law no. 200 Interview

Recognition of the

professional qualification

Fees

Elaboration of the certificate

Recording into the CA register

- Tests - Adaptation stages

- Linguistic competences evaluation

- Examination

Evaluation results rejected accepted

Rejection of recognition of the

professional qualification

* in some cases fees are perceived at the file submission and are partially returned in the qualification is not

recognized and in other cases they are collected before the interview

22

The policy areas most commonly treated by SOLVIT are:

- The recognition of professional qualifications and diplomas;

- Access to education;

- Residence permits;

- Voting rights;

- Social Security;

- Employment Rights;

- Driving licenses;

- Registration of motor vehicles;

- border Control;

- Access on the Market for products;

- Access on the Market for services;

- Establishment as an independent;

- Public Procurement;

- Taxation;

- Free movement of capital and payments.

When it is submitted a case to SOLVIT, the local SOLVIT centre (known as "home" SOLVIT

centre) will first check the details of the complaint of the applicant in order to ensure that is

really about a misapplication of internal market rules and that all necessary information was

provided. Thereafter, the case will introduced into a computer database, and the information

will be automatically sent to SOLVIT Centre in the other Member States in which the

problem occurred (known as "lead" SOLVIT centre).

The lead SOLVIT Centre should confirm within a week whether it will take the case

presented. This depends largely on whether the case is considered to be well founded and of

the existence of the possibility of being resolved pragmatically. If solving a problem involves

the repeal of a national law - and not just applying it properly - this sometimes requires formal

legal action. In some cases, however, SOLVIT can take steps to convince the Member State to

waive the application of incorrect rules even before the repeal of the law in question.

The two SOLVIT centres will work together to try to solve the problem and the "home"

SOLVIT centre will keep informed the applicant about the evolution of the case.

Hereinafter is presented the national SOLVIT centres of analyzed European Union Member

States:

Table 4.

Member State of the

European Union SOLVIT Centre Contact person

Czech Republic

Odbor vnitřního trhu a služeb EU,

Ministerstvo průmyslu a obchodu /

Departamentul de piața internă și

politică în domeniul serviciilor,

Ministerul Industriei și Comerțului /

Department of Internal Market and

Services Policy, Ministry of Industry

and Trade Na Františku 32 CZ - 11015 Praha 1,

Tel. +420 22 4221701,Fax. +420 22 485

3079, solvit@mpo.cz

Barbora Hanáková

Zuzana Bakotová

Tomáš Stehlík

23

Denmark

Danish Business Authority

(Internal Market Centre)/ Autoritatea

Daneză de Afaceri ( Centrul Piaţa

Internă),

Langelinie Allé 17 DK - 2100

Copenhagen, Tel.

+45 35 46 62 00 (the hotline)

Tel. +45 35 46 66 16

Tel. +45 35 46 66 73, SOLVIT@erst.dk

Jens Kasper Rasmussen

Sofie Freilev

Karin Kragshave

Kristian Yde Agerbo

Germany

Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft

und Technologie/ Ministerul Federal al

economiei şi tehnologiei / Federal

Ministry of Economics and

Technology , Scharnhorststr. 34-37, DE - 10115

Berlin, Fax. +49 3018

6155379,solvit@bmwi.bund.de

Lisa Teichmann

Spain

SOLVIT - España

Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de

Cooperación /SOLVIT Spania,

Ministerul Afacerilor Externe şi

cooperării,/ SOLVIT Spain, Ministry

of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation,

Serrano Galvache 26

ES - 28033 Madrid, Tel. +34 91 379

9999

Fax. +34 91 394 8684,

solvit@ue.maec.es

Ana Iglesias

Ana María Hernández

Javier Pascual Pontones

Member State of the

European Union SOLVIT Centre Contact person

Italy

Presidenza Consiglio Ministri

Dipartimento Politiche

Comunitarie/ Preşedinţia

Consiliului de Miniştri,

Departamentul de politică

comunitară, / Presidency of the

Council of Ministers, Department

of Community policy

Piazza Nicosia 20

IT - 00186 Roma,

Tel. +39 06 677 95 844

Fax. +39 06 677 95 044,

solvit@palazzochigi.it

Giuseppina VALENTE

Francesco CIPRI

Massimo SANTORELLI

Nederlands

SOLVIT Nederland

Ministerie van Economische Zaken,

Landbouw en Innovatie/ SOLVIT

Olanda, Ministerul Afacerilor

Economice, Agriculturii și Inovării /

SOLVIT Netherlands, Ministry of

Koen van Ginneken

24

Economic Affairs, Agriculture

and Innovation

Bezuidenhoutseweg 30

Postbus 20101

NL - 2500 EC Den Haag,

Tel. +31 70 379 7708

Fax. +31 70 379 7014

solvit@mineleni.nl

Austria

Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft,

Familie und Jugend, SOLVIT

Center,/ Ministerul Federal al

Economiei, Familiei şi Tineretului,

Centrul Solvit, / Federal Ministry

of Economy, Family and Youth ,

Solvit Center

Abteilung C1/2, Stubenring 1

AT - 1010 Wien,

Tel. +43 1 71100-5119

Tel. +43 1 71100 - 5293

Tel. +43 1 71100-5187

Fax. +43 1 71100-2207

solvit@bmwfj.gv.at

Sylvia Vana

Alexandra Gaudmann-

Heber

Christian Müller

Member State of the

European Union SOLVIT Centre Contact person

Romania

Ministerul Afacerilor Europene,

Guvernul României /

Ministry of European Affairs,

Government of Romania Bvd. Aviatorilor nr. 50A, Sector 1,

Bucureşti 011854,

Tel. +40 21 308 53 40

Tel. +4021 308 53 71

Tel. +40 37 410 45 23

Fax. +40 21 308 53 96

solvit@dae.gov.ro

Romulus BENA

Karina STAN

Ramona-Maria CIUCĂ

United Kingdom

Department for Business,

Innovation and Skills/

Departamentul pentru afaceri,

inovare şi abilităţi

1 Victoria Street

UK - London SW1H 0ET

Tel. +44 20 7215 2833

Fax. +44 20 7215 2234

solvit@bis.gsi.gov.uk

Chris Korcz

25

Conclusions

1. In the present paper it has been documentary researched and analyzed two professions in

the tourism, leisure and sport sector, respectively mountain rescuer and ski, snowboarding and

snow sliding sports monitor from the perspective of Directive 2005/36/EC on the recognition

of professional qualifications.

2. The situation of the two professions analyzed is different from the point of view of the

Law. 200 of 25 May 2004 on the recognition of diplomas and professional qualifications for

regulated professions in Romania, Mountain Rescue being a regulated profession in Romania,

but not regulated in the EU Member States, and the ski, snowboarding and snow sliding

sports monitor is not an regulated profession in Romania, but it is regulated in Switzerland

and 3 EU Member States.

3. The study have shown that in Romania, although for both professions exist professional

associations with interests in training, certification / licensing of professionals, there is no

legislation to fully regulate all aspects of vocational training, certification and validation of

competences and the recognition of these two qualifications for persons from EU Member

States wishing to provide services in the Romania.

4. As reflected by the study performed, in the European countries regulating professions in

this sector there are very strong professional organization, affiliated to European

organizations, and the example of these organizations must be followed. Collaboration with

similar institutions at EU level is recommended, and the approach of acceptance by Romania

for the participation in the Memorandum of Understanding on the establishment of a pilot

project for a professional card that will be issued to the ski instructors may be an example of

good practice that should be continued and completed by adopting a legislative package to

recognize the qualification of ski, snowboarding and snow sliding sports monitor.

26

List of abbreviations used in the paper

MEN - Ministry of National Education

ANC / NQA - National Qualifications Authority

IPS / ISP - Institute of Social Policy

CE / EC-European Commission

SM / MS - Member State

AC / CA - Competent Authority

EQF - European Qualifications Framework

SEE/EEA - European Economic Area

CNRED-National Centre for Recognition of Diplomas

CNSAS-National Body of Alpine and Speleological Rescue

UIAA - International Union of Mountaineering Associations

27

Bibliography

1. http://www.ikar-cisa.org

2. The Law no 200/25 May 2004 on the recognition of diplomas and professional

qualifications for regulated professions in Romania

3. Classification of Occupations in Romania 4..

http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/qualifications/regprof/index.cfm

5. www.frschibiatlon.ro

6. http://www.cnsasmolise.it

7. http://www.soccorsoalpinospeleobasilicata.com

8. www.femps.org

9. www.bspa.at/Innsbruck

10. http://www.deutscherskiverband.de/ausbildung_dsv-card_lizenz_uebersicht_de,337.html

11. Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento per l’informazione e l’editoria -

GUIDA ALL’UTENTE, Direttiva 2005/36/CEE relativa al riconoscimento delle qualifiche

professionali Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, DIPARTIMENTO PER LE POLITICHE

EUROPEE, Ufficio per il mercato interno e la competitività

12. http://ec.europa.eu/solvit/site

13. Government Decision no. 77/23 January 2003 on establishing measures for accident

prevention and the organization of mountain rescue activity in the mountains

14. http://www.0salvamont.org/

15. www.scoala-romana-schi.ro

16.http://www.turismo.provincia.tn.it/binary/pat_turismo_new/Norme/legge%208%20marzo

%201991,%20n._81.1179407170.pdf