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Add an Additional Disk Drive to Your Linux Computer

Prerequisites and Drive Types:

Prerequisite: This tutorial covers adding a new disk drive to your linux computer. First it is

assumed that the hard drive was physically added to your system.

IDE based systems, can support two drives on each ribbon cable. The cable is attached to

either the Primary or Secondary IDE controller. A "jumper" is pressed onto two pins (thus

connecting the two pins) on the drive to define the drive as a "Master" or a "Slave" drive. Each

cable can support one master and one slave drive. Typically new desktop systems have one

hard drive connected as a Master on the Primary controller and one CD-Rom on the second

cable configured as a master.

SCSI drives will have jumpers positioned to assign a SCSI device ID number typically numbered1-8. A sticker on the top of the drive will often show a diagram of jumper placement for drive

assignment.

Linux Hard Drive Naming Convention:

IDE drives are referred to as hda for the first drive, hdb for the second etc...IDE uses separate

ribbon cables for primary and secondary drives. The partitions on each drive are referred

numerically. The first partition on the first drive is referred to as hda1, the second as hda2, the

third as hda3 etc ...

Linux IDE naming conventions:

Devi

ce

Description Configuration

/

dev/h

da

1st (Primary) IDE

controller

Master

/

dev/h

db

1st (Primary) IDE

controller

Slave

/dev/h

dc

2nd (Secondary)IDE controller

Master

/

dev/h

dd

2nd (Secondary)

IDE controller

Slave

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Note: SCSI disks are labeled /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc etc... to represent the first, second,

third,... SCSI hard drive devices but not the SCSI ID. SCSI hard drive partitions are represented

by an additional number. i.e. First drive first partition, /dev/sda1, second partition, /dev/sda2,...

Other SCSI devices such as tape backup are labeled /dev/st0 for the first, /dev/st1 for the

second and so forth. See YoLinux SCSI tutorial for more info.

Command and Response Dialog of Adding a New IDE Drive:

As root perform the following: (as highlighted in bold)

[root]# fdisk /dev/hdb

Command (m for help): m (Enter the letter "m" to get list of commands)

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

s create a new empty Sun disklabel

t change a partition's system id

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

e

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-2654, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2654, default 2654):Using default value 2654

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/hdb: 240 heads, 63 sectors, 2654 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 15120 * 512 bytes

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Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/hdb1 1 2654 20064208+ 5 Extended

Command (m for help): w (Write and save partition table)

pPartition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-4865, default 1): 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-4865, default 4865): 4865

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-4): 1

Hex code (type L to list codes): 83

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/hdb1

mke2fs 1.27 (8-Mar-2002)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

2508352 inodes, 5016052 blocks

250802 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

154 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

16288 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632,

2654208,

4096000

Writing inode tables: doneCreating journal (8192 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root]# mkdir /opt2

[root]# mount -t ext3 /dev/hdb1 /opt2

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