Motorway design: Relevance of a systemic and integrated study in building safe motorways. The case...
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![Page 1: Motorway design: Relevance of a systemic and integrated study in building safe motorways. The case of Norways E18 Ragnar Grøsfjeld Senior engineer Norwegian.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103111/5513bb365503463a298b46da/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Motorway design: Relevance of a systemic and integrated study in building safe motorways. The case of Norway’s E18
Ragnar Grøsfjeld
Senior engineer
Norwegian Public Roads Administration0445-08 [email protected]
![Page 2: Motorway design: Relevance of a systemic and integrated study in building safe motorways. The case of Norways E18 Ragnar Grøsfjeld Senior engineer Norwegian.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103111/5513bb365503463a298b46da/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
•Traffic safety work in Norway
•Vision Zero
•The E18 project
![Page 3: Motorway design: Relevance of a systemic and integrated study in building safe motorways. The case of Norways E18 Ragnar Grøsfjeld Senior engineer Norwegian.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103111/5513bb365503463a298b46da/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Accidents - reasons
• Three parts and combinations
Road-user
Road Vehicles
![Page 4: Motorway design: Relevance of a systemic and integrated study in building safe motorways. The case of Norways E18 Ragnar Grøsfjeld Senior engineer Norwegian.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103111/5513bb365503463a298b46da/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Traffic safety
Accident reporting system
Why register?
• keep an eye on the accident-development
• identify special problems and design the right efforts
• to decide the work priority
• evaluate / measure the effect of the efforts
Several data sources:
• police reports
• technical reports (vehicle inspectors)
• hospital reports
• insurance reports
![Page 5: Motorway design: Relevance of a systemic and integrated study in building safe motorways. The case of Norways E18 Ragnar Grøsfjeld Senior engineer Norwegian.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103111/5513bb365503463a298b46da/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Traffic safety (cont.)
Road safety inspection
• Short-term measures
• New knowledge since the road was built
Information (road-users)
• Seatbelt campaign
• Stop & sleep
• Speak out! (”it’s not cool to be dead”)
• 65+
![Page 6: Motorway design: Relevance of a systemic and integrated study in building safe motorways. The case of Norways E18 Ragnar Grøsfjeld Senior engineer Norwegian.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103111/5513bb365503463a298b46da/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Traffic safety (cont.)
Accident Investigation Group
(for all fatal accidents)
• Reasons for the accidents?
• How can we learn from the accidents?
• How can we avoid this kind of accidents?
• How can we use this knowledge in the traffic safety work in general?
![Page 7: Motorway design: Relevance of a systemic and integrated study in building safe motorways. The case of Norways E18 Ragnar Grøsfjeld Senior engineer Norwegian.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103111/5513bb365503463a298b46da/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
E18 - accidents• Two accidents where people was killed
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Road Accidents 1948 - 2006
244
560
269
338
452
255
0
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6001
94
8
19
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Number
Number of road fatalities reduced with 50% since 1970
The risk is among the lowest in the world
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Vision Zero
“A vision of no road fatalities causing people get killed or seriously injured”
KILLED
SERIOUSLY INJURED
Approved in National Transportation Plan 2002-2011
![Page 10: Motorway design: Relevance of a systemic and integrated study in building safe motorways. The case of Norways E18 Ragnar Grøsfjeld Senior engineer Norwegian.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103111/5513bb365503463a298b46da/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The vision Zero is based on:
• It is human to make mistakes
• The human body is sensitive to violence
The road-users of course have to follow the rules, but we also have to adjust the road and the vehicles
KILLED
SERIOUSLY INJURED
![Page 11: Motorway design: Relevance of a systemic and integrated study in building safe motorways. The case of Norways E18 Ragnar Grøsfjeld Senior engineer Norwegian.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103111/5513bb365503463a298b46da/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
E18 project in Vestfold county
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E18 Gulli - Langangen
My project:
Sky - Langangen
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E18 Sky - Langangen
• 11,7 km new four-lane motorway
• Building period: 2009 - 2011
• Total cost: 200 mill. euro
– or 17 000 euro per meter
• 12 500 euro per meter free road
• 25 000 euro per meter tunnel
• 37 500 euro per meter bridge
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The profile
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Geometry - parametres
• Speed limit: 100 km/h
• Minimum horizontal radius: 700 m
• Minimum high vertical radius: 13 700 m
• Minimum low vertical radius: 3 400 m
• Maximum rise: 5 %
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Head-on collision 41 %
Running-off-the-road 27 %
Other accidents 6 %
Same direction 5 %
Pedestrian involved 13 %
Crossroads 9 %
Injuries and fatalities by types of accidents (annual average 2000-2004)
Nearly 70 % is head-on or running-off the road accidents
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Efforts – E18 motorway
• Central barriers
• Safer side areas
• Guardrail / end of the guardrail
• Raised-rib-road-marking (making noise)
• Road lightning
• Avoid dangerous elements in the side areas (or protect with guardrail)
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Central barrier
Central barriers
![Page 19: Motorway design: Relevance of a systemic and integrated study in building safe motorways. The case of Norways E18 Ragnar Grøsfjeld Senior engineer Norwegian.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103111/5513bb365503463a298b46da/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Forgiving side area
Raised-rib-road-marking
Soil towards the rock cut
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The guardrail has penetrated the car
![Page 21: Motorway design: Relevance of a systemic and integrated study in building safe motorways. The case of Norways E18 Ragnar Grøsfjeld Senior engineer Norwegian.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103111/5513bb365503463a298b46da/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Different kinds of forgiving terminals
ABC-terminal
ESPEN(Energy-absorbing, Steel, Plastic, ENd-terminal)
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ABC-terminal after a collision
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Ready for take off?
![Page 24: Motorway design: Relevance of a systemic and integrated study in building safe motorways. The case of Norways E18 Ragnar Grøsfjeld Senior engineer Norwegian.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103111/5513bb365503463a298b46da/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Guardrail / end of guardrail
End of guardrail
![Page 25: Motorway design: Relevance of a systemic and integrated study in building safe motorways. The case of Norways E18 Ragnar Grøsfjeld Senior engineer Norwegian.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103111/5513bb365503463a298b46da/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Should be guardrail….
Guardrail
![Page 26: Motorway design: Relevance of a systemic and integrated study in building safe motorways. The case of Norways E18 Ragnar Grøsfjeld Senior engineer Norwegian.](https://reader037.fdocuments.in/reader037/viewer/2022103111/5513bb365503463a298b46da/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
High energy columns
High energy columns
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Simulator – E18 project