Motorcycle Safety · Motorcycle Safety – A single point of truth 2 • Motorcycling increased by...

Motorcycle SafetyA Single Point of Truth

Bringing together motorcycle safety information from the different data sources into one document

Data sources include ACC, Ministry of Transport, NZ Transport Agency, NZ Police and National Health Statistics (Courtesy of the Transport Agency and Ministry of Transport)

© 2017Not all percentages add up to 100% due to rounding error

Motorcycle Safety – A single point of truth 1

How Motorcycle use and safety has changed over time

20,000

1951 1951 1956 19611966 1971

1976 19811986 1991

19962001

2006 20111955 1960 1965 1970 19751980 1985

1990 19952000

20052010 2015

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

140,000 600

500

400

300

200

100

120,000

Registered motorcycles in New Zealand by year since 1951

• In 1933 – motorcycles were 16.5% of the private light vehicle fleet, three times the figure nowadays

• Motorcycling has always had practical transport related users, enthusiast users and users motivated to a lesser or greater extent in both directions

• Motorcycling has fluctuated over the years related to affordability and other factors

• In 1951 there were 454 motorcycle injury crashes per 10,000 registered motorcycle. In 2015 the figure was 135

Over the same period,

the 30-44 age group increased but not so dramatically

Motorcycling is now much safer

1989/901997/98

2003-2008

2004-2009

2005-2010

2006-2011

2007-2012

2008-2013

2009-2014

Distance travelled per year on motorcycles by age group of rider

350 15-29 30-44 45+ Total

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Annual crashes per 10,000 registered motorcycles

older riders particularly those 45+

Overall, motorcycle travel has increased markedly since 1997/98 but has not yet regained the levels of 1989/90

84%from 1989/90 to 2009-2014

15-29 yr old travel reduced by

There’s been a shift to

45+ TRAVEL more than trebled

per registered motorcycle than in 1951 as is all vehicle travel


• Motorcycling increased by around 60% from 2005 to 2015

• Motorcycle / moped Police reported crashes increased by around 40% from 2005 to 2015

• ACC claims serious enough to involve ongoing entitlements increased 14% from 2005 to 2015

• 54 motorcyclists died on our roads in 2015, up from a low of 28 in 2003

There is plenty left to be achieved

Indicators of motorcycle travel and safety by year

Motorcycle deaths per year

Motorcycle crashes per 10,000 motorcycles

2000

60

50

40

30

20

0

10

1500

1000

500

140

150

160

130

120

110

100

0

2001

2000

2000

2001

2001

2002

2002

2003

2003

2004

2004

2005

2005

2006

2006

2007

2007

2008

2008

2009

2009

2010

2010

2011

2011

2012

2012

2013

2013

2014

2014

2015

2015

20022003

20042005

20062007

20082009

2010 201120122013

2014 20152016

Motorcycle / Moped travel (million km) Motorcycle / Moped numbers (100s)

ACC entitlement claims Hosp >1 day

since 2002

Motorcycle safety has decreased

The per vehicle motorcycle

The increase in serious ACC claims is much less than the increase in motorcycling

How Motorcycle use and safety has changed over time continued...

“Motorcycling has increased particularly in the older age groups”

crash rate has been on the increase since 2002


Motorcycle travel & safety information from travel surveys

45+ years

30-44 years

15-29 years

0 20 40 60 80 100

Percentage of age-group travel on motorcycles in different cc rating groups

Fatal crashes and injury crashes per million km by urban and rural

Urban and open road motorcycle travel by engine size

>1000cc

601-1000cc

51-600cc

up to 50cc

100

141210

86420

Fatal crashes per million km All injury crashes per million km

Up to 50 51-250 251-600 601-1000 1001+

90

Mill

ion

km tr

avel

led

per y

ear

Vehicle engine cc range

8070605040302010

0

Urban roadOpen road

UrbanRural

• Ministry of Transport travel survey analyses provide information on motorcycle travel by cc rating by urban road and rural road for 2011-2014

• These can be matched with crash statistics to provide estimates of crash rates per million kilometres ridden by urban and rural

• For travel survey analyses urban means speed limit 50km/r and under and rural means speed limit greater than 50km/hr

Similarly people under 30 are the main users of motorcycles lower than

In urban areas, there is on average around per 80,000 km of riding and in rural areas injury crash per 400,000 km of riding

1/4 of all riding is in

Rural crashes are biased towards more severe crashes

Older people predominantly uselarger motorcycles

cc 251In urban & open road areas, on average motorcyclists have around one fatal crash per 5.5 million kilometres of riding

urban areas and3/4 open road

on the

-related to the amount of riding done in rural areas

“Rural crashes are more severe”

“Older riders tend to own larger bikes and ride for recreation”


Motorcyclist age and gender related to risk

50 50%

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

14%

12%

6%

4%

2%

8%

10%

40

30

25

35

45

20

Average age of motorcyclist casualtiesAverage age if motorcyclist deaths

5-910-14

15-1920-24

25-2930-34

35-3940-44

45-4950-54

55-5960-64

65-6970+0-4

20002002

20042006

2008 20122010 2014

20002002

20042006

20082010 2012 2014

Aver

age

age

Perc

enta

ge o

f rid

ers a

nd

mot

orcy

clis

ts in

volv

ed in

cra

shes

Perc

enta

ge o

f cas

ualti

es

Average age of motorcyclists killed and injured by year Percentage of riders 40 years and over, percentage of motorcycles under 60cc and percentage of motorcycles 750 cc and over involved in crashes by year

Motorcycle casualties by age and gender

• The average age of both deaths and injuries has increased from the low 30s in 2000 to the high 30s in 2014

• As this has happened the percentages of crashes involving 40years plus riders has increased considerably

• The percentage of small machines under 60cc has also increased from around 11% to over 20%

% of riders 40 years or older% of m/c under 60cc% of m/c 750cc or over

40yrs+The average age of both killed & injured riders has moved from around

The vast majority of motorcycle casualties are men

The % of injured riders 40+ has risen from 26% - 45%

Since 2000...

35+ years

“Motorcyclists who are under 30 and over 40 are most at risk”

40yrs+

Motorcyclists have become an older group

under 35 to close to 40yrs


Alcohol, drugs & speed in motorcycle crashes

Single vehicle, motorcyclist at fault

Multi vehicle, motorcyclist primary responsibility

Multi vehicle, motorcyclist some responsibility

Multi vehicle, no motorcyclist fault identified

Single vehicle, no motorcyclist fault identified

7%

35%

2% 33%

23%

Motorcyclist alcohol/drugs and speed involvement in fatal crashes % fatal

Alcohol/drugs

Speed

Neither

Alcohol/drugs and speed

16%

12%

20%

52%

The pie chart describes motorcyclist alcohol/drugs and speed involvement in fatal crashes. It shows that alcohol/drugs and or speed are involved in 48% of motorcycle fatal crashes with alcohol/drugs involved in 28%, speed alone in 20% and alcohol/drugs alone in 12%.

Alcohol or drugs were present with speed in a further 16% of crashes

Responsibility in crashes

Alcohol, drugs or speed

without alcohol or drugs was present in 20% of fatal crashes

The pie chart looks at the primary responsibility for single vehicle and multi-vehicle motorcycle crashes.

In crashes with other road users, the other road user is more likely to be primarily responsible

56%for 56% of the crashes

without speed were present in 12% of fatal crashes

SpeedMotorcyclists are primarily responsible

“More than half of fatal motorcycle crashes do not involve alcohol, speed or drugs”

of fatal crashes

½

16%=

impacted on almost

Alcohol or drugs


Type and cc rating of crashed motorcycles

Percentage of sample of motorcycles in fatal crashes by type

Fatally or seriously injured – annual average July 2009-June 2014

• We looked at the 100 most recent fatal motorcycle crashes on sealed roads

• The motorcycles were classified by type by a motorcycle expert

Adventure

Cruise

up to 60ccDirt or Trail bike

601-1000ccScooter

61-600cc

Street/Naked

Tourer

Other and unknown 1001+cc

Sport

3%

23%

12%10%

31%2%

30%

10%

7%

21%27%

24%

Scooters

of fatal crashes

were in

2%“Higher powered bikes 600cc and over are more likely to be involved in a fatal crash”

The bike typesmost in fatalcrashes wereCRUISER BIKES

SPORTS BIKES&

are involved in58% of fatal & serious injuries

bikes over 600cc+


Motorcycle size related to risk

• Most rural fatal crashes (60%) are on bikes known to be >749cc

• 40% of urban fatal crashes are on bikes >749 cc

• 79% of fatal crashes on 1000+ cc engines are on the open road

Percentage of fatal crashes by CC range by urban/ rural

Percentage of injury crashes by CC range by urban/ rural

Urban roadOpen road

Urban roadOpen road

35%

% a

ll fa

tal

% a

ll in

jury

30%

25% 25%

20% 20%

15% 15%

10% 10%

5% 5%

0% 0%

unknownunknown

0-59 0-5960-249

60-249250-499

250-499500-749

500-749750-999

750-9991000+

1000+

On average riders on bikes >1000cc have around:

250-1000cc

2xthe risk of those between

Larger cc motorcycles dominate in open road injuries & fatalities

“Motorcyclists on big bikes tend to be injured more severely than those on smaller bikes – more rural high speed riding.”

the risk of dying in

13x

60cc

a yearthan those on

bikes up to

60-250cc

6xthe risk of

bike riders


What time & day do crashes and injuries occur?

100

Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun

80

60

40

20

0

Motorcycle crashes in 2015 by day of week and time of day

Midnight to 4am4am to 8am8am to noon

noon to 4pm4pm to 8pm8pm to midnight

12 a

m1 a

m2

am 3 am

4 am 5 a

m6

am7

am8

am9

am10

am

4 pm 5 p

m6

pm7

pm8

pm9

pm10

pm

11 p

m

6

4

2

0

8

10

Average motorcycle claims by crash time in proportion from CY2007 to CY2016.

(CY means claims year)

11 a

m12

pm

1 pm

2 pm 3 p

m

• The two charts on crashes show that most motorcycle crashes occur during the day

• This is particularly so at weekends when there is a large peak from noon to 4pm

• The chart on claims shows a similar pattern over the day

midnight - 4am

4am - 8am

8am - noon

Noon - 4pm

4pm - 8pm

8pm - midnight

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Motorcycle crashes by weekday/weekend

WeeklyWeekend

“Most motorcycle crashes occur between noon and 8pm with a large weekend peak between noon and 4pm ”


Time of year & where on the road network are motorcyclists crashing & getting injured?

Percentages of injury and fatal crashes which are rural by quarterJanuary

- MarchJanuary - March

April - JuneApril - June July - SeptemberJuly - September

October - December

October - December

33%26%

21%27% 17%23%

29%24%

• The percentage of fatal crashes which are rural varies by quarter between 72 and 85% and is highest in the months October to March-when conditions are more conducive to rural riding. This reflects the greater severity of higher speed rural crashes

• The percentage of injury crashes which are rural is much lower varying from 36 to 48% between quarters. The higher percentages are again in the better weather months as with the fatal crashes

• Rural crashes vary between quarters much more from 33% in January –March to 17% in July- September, a quarter unconducive to rural riding due to weather conditions

Urban crashes Rural crashes

evenly throughoutthe year than rural crashes

100

80

60

40

20

0

Inju

ry

Inju

ry

Inju

ry

Inju

ry

Fata

l

Fata

l

Fata

l

Fata

l

Motorcyclists tend to ride, crash, and get injured in the warmer dryer months of the year

Urban crashes are spread more“Rural crashes peak during warmer weather with improved conditions for rural riding”

With the quarters differing from 27% in April - June to 23% in July - September


Motorcyclists’ interactions with Road Policing

Apprehensions/Infringements vs rider age

Demerit points accrued by riders by age range

POLICE

25,000

350,000

300,000

250,000

200,000

150,000

100,000

50,000

0

20,000

Age ranges

15,000

10,000

5,000

<1616-20

21-25

under 21

Age ranges

26-30 31-3536-40

21-30

41-4546-50 51-55

31-45

56-6061-65

66-70

over 45

71-75 76+

ApprehensionsTotal number of infringements

Apprehensions/Infringements vs primary infringement type

80,000

App

rehe

nsio

ns/ i

nfri

ngem

ents 70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

Lice

nsin

g,

over

load

ing

park

ing

Alc

ohol

Spee

d in

clud

ing

cam

eras

and

red

light

cam

era

Man

ner

of d

rivi

ng

Vehi

cle,

WO

F/C

OF,

Roa

d C

ode

dutie

s &

oblig

atio

ns

• When people are stopped by Police more than one infringement may be detected

• The infringement associated with the main reason they were stopped is the primary infringement type

• The charts include infringements from automatic enforcement (speed and red light cameras) under speed

although demerit points accrued donot drop off until age ranges 50+ are reached

caught for SPEEDING & LICENSING/WOF INFRINGEMENTS

Motorcyclists are mainly

Police apprehensions of motorcyclists-2007-2016

6,000

5,500

4,500

5,000

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Ju

n

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

4,000

Hel

met

WOF

Teens & early 20 year olds are the main offenders,

ApprehensionsNumber of infringements detected


Vehicle movements in motorcycle crashes

• These charts look at vehicle movements in motorcycle crashes involving injury or death

• Most urban crashes occur at intersections and most rural crashes involve losing control

48%

11%

10%22%

3%

5%2%

Movements in urban injury or fatal crashes

“Be cautious at intersections & keep your bike under control when out on the highway”

For rural crashes

More than ½ are lost control

Only 14% are at intersections

For urban crashesAlmost are at intersections

A fifth are lost control ½

14%11%

54%

9% 9%

3%

Movements in rural injury or fatal crashes

Lost control/ run off road

Lost control/ run off road

Rear end/ obstruction

Rear end/ obstruction

Head on

Head on

IntersectionIntersection

Manoeuvring/miscellaneous

Manoeuvring/miscellaneous

Overtaking/lane changePedestrianOvertaking/

lane change


The consequences of crashes – injuries

• A quarter of ACC injuries are entitlement claims, serious enough for the claimant to have ongoing entitlements

• The average entitlement claim length is around 6 months

• Most injuries are fractures/dislocations and soft tissue injuries which include injury to internal organs

• The relatively small number of concussions and other brain injuries may relate to helmet use

• Most common injury sites are the knee and shoulder joints, other joints and other parts of limbs

1,500

1,200

900

600

300

0

Concussion/ Brain injury Fracture/ Dislocation

Soft tissue injury (contusion, internal organ, strain)

Infected/ Non-infected laceration, puncture wound, sting

ChestHead and faceLower back/spineNeck, back of head vertebraeUnobtainableOtherLimbs and extremities

Other Claims74%

Entitlement claims

25%Fatal claims1%

7%

7%7%

6%9%

50%11%

Head injuries are relatively rare –

when it is a major impact site indicates

ACC Motorcycle Claims 2007-2016

The result of crashes injury

Site of ACC injuries

full face helmets work

Indicates that safety gear is effective

Most injuries are at body places least protected

Low rate of face injury

“Safety gear works – Wear it!”

indicating helmets work

20072008

20092010 2011

2012 20132014 2015

2016

ST JOHN AMBULANCE 153


65

1 47

910

23

8Motorcycle SafetyA Single Point of Truth

Motorcycling has increased particularly in the older age groups

Motorcyclists who are under 30 and over 40 are most at risk

Safety gear works – wear it!

Most motorcycle crashes occur between noon & 8pm with a large weekend peak between noon & 4pm

Be cautious at intersections & keep your bike under control on the highway

Rural crashes are more severe and urban crashes are more frequent

Higher powered bikes with engines over 600cc are involved in most fatal and serious injuries

Older riders tend to own larger bikes and ride for recreation

Over half of fatal crashes do not involve alcohol, drugs or speed

Rural crashes peak during warmer weather with improved conditions for rural riding

Sat/Sun

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