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MOTORS

2015

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Electrical Motor:An electrical motor is such an electromechanical device which convertselectrical energy into a mechanical energy.

Some Basic Physics formulae:POWER = VOLTAGE X CURRENT SPEED = 120 x F

P

FORCE = B X I X L

GD X RPM Secon!

TOR"UE = POWER X #$% &G'( )* + Acce,n T-(e. = /$ X T*

SPEED

Principle of three phase induction motor:

Date and Place of Presentation in Arial

Italic 11 pt

Presented y in Arial 1! "t

BASIC PRINCIPLE O MO!OR

1

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BASIC PRINCIPLE O MO!OR

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Date and Place of Presentation in Arial

Italic 11 pt

Presented y in Arial 1! "t

#

STATORMOTOR

ROTOR

MO!OR PAR!S

$AM%&AT%O&S

http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=EAVuCc_Q9FJEjM&tbnid=VA1NSJOpguAJDM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Felectrical-engineering-portal.com%2Fconstruction-of-3-phase-ac-induction-motors&ei=46meU5XbLdG_uATz-YGgDA&bvm=bv.68911936,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNGCJOsJ6Ewm7_8DtzdPf_TCSIytFQ&ust=1402993458396635

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MO!OR PAR!S

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BASED ON SOURCE OF SUPPL

1. '( MOTOR2. A( MOTOR

BASED ON AREA OF USE

1. SA)* AR*A

2. +A,AR'O-S AR*Aa. )$AM* PROO)

. &O& SPAR/%&c. %&(R*AS*' SA)*T

#. (RA&* +O%ST '-T

!"PES O MO!OR

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Date and Place of Presentation in ArialItalic 11 pt

5

TP* O) MOTOR MO-&T%&

o3-4on)*, Mo5n)-n6 Ve3)-c*, Mo5n)-n6

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DEGREE OF PROTECTION IS INDICATED B IP FOLLOWED B TWO DIGITS LI7E IP

TE FIRST NUMERAL INDICATES PROTECTION AGAINST CONTACT AND INGRESS OF

FOREIGN BODIES8 SECOND NUMERAL INDIACATES PROTECTION AGAINST INGRESS

OF WATER

'*R** O) PROT*(T%O&

'R%PP%& 3AT*R50 MM

12 MM

2.5 MM

1 MM

&O %&R*SS O)'-ST %& +ARM)-$4T

'-ST PROO)

PROT*(T%O& AA%&ST 'R%PP%&

3AT*R 3+*& *&($OS-R* %ST%$T*' 15 '*RR**

PROT*(T%O& AA%&ST SPRA%&3AT*R-P TO 60 '*R**

3AT*R SP$AS+*' )ROM A&'%R*(T%O&

3AT*R 7*T 3%$$ +A8* &O+ARM)-$ *))*(T

3AT*R 7*T )ROM PO3*R)-$ S*A 3%$$+A8* &O +ARM)-$ *))*(T

1

2

#

!

5

6

1

2#

!

5

6

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M*T+O' O) (OO$%&

+eat is trans9erred 9rom one location to another y conduction: convection and radiation.

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M*T+O' O) (OO$%&

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%&S-$AT%O& ($ASS

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START%& O) MOTORS

Thermal 3ithstand timeThe thermal withstand time or short circuit current withstand ca"aility is ameasure o9 the short circuit current a motor can tolerate without eingdamaged when a short circuit current 9lows through winding.

Starting TimeTime re;uired to attain rated s"eed.

Starting Time de"ends on9

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Starting (urrent

1.%*1 Motor 6 times rated current

2.%*2 Motor > times rated current

#.%*# Motor ? times rated current

+OT@(O$' Start

1.&o o9 Permissile Start@hour Thermal 3ithstand time @ Starting time

2.load '= B Motor '=: the motors can sa9ely withstand # consecutive starts9rom cold condition 2 consecutive starts 9rom hot condition

#.+igh '= means high starting time means less no o9 start.

START%& O) MOTORS

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Motor Tor;ue S"eed (urve

START%& (-R8*

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M*T+O'S O) START%&

< 'O$

< STAR '*$TA

< A-TO TRA&S)ORM*R

< SO)T START*R

< 8AR%A$* )R*4-*&( 'R%8*

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'O$ START%&< +igh %nrush (urrent< +igh Starting Tor;ue< )ull 8oltage across motor terminals

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STAR '*$TA START%&< 1@#rd%nrush (urrent as com"ared to 'O$< 1@#rdStarting Tor;ue as com"ared to 'O$< 8@C# 8oltage across motor terminals

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SO)T START*R< $ow %nrush (urrent< $ow Starting Tor;ue< $ow 8oltage across motor terminals

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8AR%A$* )R*4-*&( 'R%8*

< 8oltage and )re;uency (ontrolled

< &o %nrush (urrent< +igh Starting Tor;ue

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(OMPAR%SO& O) START%& 'O$@STAR '*$TA@SO)T START*R

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(OMPAR%S%O& O) '%))*R*&T M*T+O'DS O) START%&

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*))*(T O) AM%*&T T*MP*RAT-R* @ A$T%T-'* @ 8O$TA* %MA$A&(*

Fo3 (o)o3! :-); A( /0 10>

21'/ 10# /0'% 10#

%0 100 0 100

% F5 F6

0 F1 >0 F2

A,)-)5e A>

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DUT

1.S1 (O&T%&-O-S '-T2.S2 S+ORT T%M* '-T#.S# %&T*RM%TT*&T '-T!.S! %&T*RM%TT*&T '-T 3%T+ START%&5.S5 %&T*RM%TTA&T '-T 3%T+ START%& A&' *$*(TR%(A$ R*A/%&6.S6 (O&T%&-O-S OGP*RAT%O& P*R%O'%( '-T>.S> H (O&T%&-O-S OP*RAT%O& P*R%O'%( '-T3%T+ *$*(TR%(A$ R*A/%&

?.S? (O&T%&-O-S OP*RAT%O P*R%O'%( '-T 3%T+ R*$AT*' $O3 SP**'(+A&*SF. SF '-T 3%T+ &O& P*R%O'%( $OA' A&' SP**' 8ARA%T%O&

'-T (($* @ *AR%&

BEARING

1. A$$ *AR%&2. RO$$*R *AR%. T+-RST *AR%&!. S$**8* *AR%&

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M*T+O' O) (O-P$%&< 'irect (ou"ling

< eared (ou"ling< )luid (ou"ling< elt Pulley

< (hain (ou"ling

< 'isI (ou"ling

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EFFECT OF CONVERTER +VFD. SUPPL VOLTAGE ON MOTOR

PERFORMANCE

(onstants"eed

(onstant s"eed o"eration de"ending on no. o9 "oles and su""ly 9re;uencyMechanical means liIe gears: "ulleys are re;uired to change s"eed which

involves loss o9 energy

S"eed

accuracy

S"eed changes as "er the variations in 9re;uency.

S"eed can not e set at a 9iJed value+igh startingcurrent

Starting current as high as 6 to ? times the rated current

+igh startinglosses

+igh starting losses associated with high starting current high heating o9motor

Reversals $imited reversals due to high starting losses

)ans@"um"swith reduced9low.

*;ui"ments liIe "um"s: 9ans etc. change their 9low y mechanicalmeans: eg Throttling @ 'am"ers. Same electrical "ower consumed

W; VFD 3e5-3e ' $imitations o9 motors running on grid su""ly

http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=q7GoyK2zhMArCM&tbnid=I5_UbosCiv_3DM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alibaba.com%2Fproduct-gs%2F232291484%2FGear_Couplings%2Fshowimage.html&ei=AK6lUrTVGYvLrQeO6YCgDQ&bvm=bv.57752919,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNHdWYR-UfmspYDEmwRAxPXRggPfYw&ust=1386675700265133http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=q7GoyK2zhMArCM&tbnid=I5_UbosCiv_3DM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alibaba.com%2Fproduct-gs%2F232291484%2FGear_Couplings%2Fshowimage.html&ei=AK6lUrTVGYvLrQeO6YCgDQ&bvm=bv.57752919,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNHdWYR-UfmspYDEmwRAxPXRggPfYw&ust=1386675700265133http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=q7GoyK2zhMArCM&tbnid=I5_UbosCiv_3DM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alibaba.com%2Fproduct-gs%2F232291484%2FGear_Couplings%2Fshowimage.html&ei=AK6lUrTVGYvLrQeO6YCgDQ&bvm=bv.57752919,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNHdWYR-UfmspYDEmwRAxPXRggPfYw&ust=1386675700265133http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=q7GoyK2zhMArCM&tbnid=I5_UbosCiv_3DM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alibaba.com%2Fproduct-gs%2F232291484%2FGear_Couplings%2Fshowimage.html&ei=AK6lUrTVGYvLrQeO6YCgDQ&bvm=bv.57752919,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNHdWYR-UfmspYDEmwRAxPXRggPfYw&ust=1386675700265133http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=q7GoyK2zhMArCM&tbnid=I5_UbosCiv_3DM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alibaba.com%2Fproduct-gs%2F232291484%2FGear_Couplings%2Fshowimage.html&ei=AK6lUrTVGYvLrQeO6YCgDQ&bvm=bv.57752919,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNHdWYR-UfmspYDEmwRAxPXRggPfYw&ust=1386675700265133

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S"eed (ontrol ood "recise s"eed control in re;uired s"eed range

AdKust the s"eed o9 the motor and Iee" it constant under variale

system "arameters

$imiting starting

current

(ontrols starting current o9 motor without a99ecting the tor;ues o9 the

motor reduces starting losses

Power Saving $ess "ower consumed 9or 9ans@ "um" a""lications y o"erating at

low s"eeds instead o9 throttling @ dam"er use.

A?*n)*6e! o VFD e (o)o3!

EFFECT OF CONVERTER +VFD. SUPPL VOLTAGE ON MOTOR

PERFORMANCE

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Additional heatgeneration

Since the wave9orm is not a sine wave and contains harmonics:additional heat is generated in the windings

+igh stresses on

insulation

P3M: %T devices o"erate at very high 9re;uencies L2I+ to

15I+Nand have very short rise times leading to high dv@dt. Thisstresses the insulation: es"ecially the 9irst coil

Sha9t inducedvoltages andearing 9ailures

+igh 9re;uencies o9 the stator induce sha9t voltages in the rotor .This can cause current through the earing i9 the voltage is high L 500 m8N

This current "asses through earings and causes "itting andsuse;uent early 9ailure o9 the earings

%ncrease in noiselevel

Motor noise levels are slightly higher due to the high 9re;uenciesand ra"id voltage changes

A?e3!e eec)! o VFD !5,

EFFECT OF CONVERTER +VFD. SUPPL VOLTAGE ON MOTOR

PERFORMANCE

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Additional heatgeneration

3henever re;uired: motors can e o99ered with higher core

length or higher 9rame or 9orced cooling

+igh stresses oninsulation

'ual coated winding wire as "er %S 1#>#0 Part H1#1FF! 8P% "rovided with solventless resin Additional insulation i9 system voltage is greater than 5008

Sha9t induced voltagesand earing 9ailures

%nsulated earing on &on 'riving *ndLO"tional i9 re;uired y customerN

T*&-n6 c*3e o *?e3!e eec)! o VFD !5,

EFFECT OF CONVERTER +VFD. SUPPL VOLTAGE ON MOTOR

PERFORMANCE

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'%))*R*&T APP$%(AT%O&S )OR 8)'

(onstant tor;uea""lication

Tor;ue re;uired y the load remains constant in the s"eed range 0 to ase s"eed

*Jam"les cranes: hoists: reci"rocating com"ressors etc.

8ariale tor;ue a""lication

Tor;ue varies in the s;uare "ro"ortion o9 s"eed *Jam"le (entri9ugal "um"s: 9an: lower: etc.

(onstant "ower a""lication

As s"eed increases the tor;ue reduces *Jam"le Metal cutting lathes: wire winding machines

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+A,AR'O-S AR*A MOTORS 3%T+ 8)'

Testing o9 (omined unit o9Motor Q 'rive

(ustomer@$ has to organie 9or third "arty testwitnessing y testing authorities: eg. *RT$:(MR%:/ARA&'%/AR $A.

A""roval o9 comined unito9 Motor Q 'rive P*SO gives a""roval ased on test re"orts.

(ommissioning o9comined unit

Only a9ter the a""roval 9rom P*SO.

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ased on the "resence o9 haardous gases the areas are classi9ied as under

S*$*(T%O& O) +A,AR'O-S AR*A MOTOR AS P*R ,O&* ($ASS%)%(AT%O&

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T*MP*RAT-R* ($ASS

ased on the ignition tem"erature o9 the gases the 9ollowing tem"erature

classes are de9ined

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($ASS%)%(AT%O& O) +A,AR'O-S AS*S

as rou"s

a. as rou" % L(oal MinesN

. as rou" %% A %% LOil MinesN

c. as rou" %% (

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STAT-TOR APPRO8%& O'%*S

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)$AM*PROO) MOTORS )OR 50( AM%*&T T*MP*RAT-R*

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R*4-%R*M*&TS )OR S*$*(T%O& O) MOTOR

1. Area o9 use along with one Sa9e : +aardous

2. Amient Tem"erature

#. 'uty (ycle: no. o9 starts@hour

!. '= o9 the driven e;ui"ment

5. Method o9 starting 'O$: 8)': Start 'elta etc.

6. Method o9 raIing *lectrical @ Mechanical

>. (ou"ling ty"e 'irect: earoJ etc

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