Motivation, Leadership, and 8 Teamwork - Napa Valley …€¦ · · 2014-08-06Motivation,...

Motivation, Leadership, and

Teamwork

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

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Better Business

2nd Edition Solomon (Contributing Editor) ·

Poatsy · Martin

Learning Objectives

1. How do motivation and work environment encourage “flow”?

2. What are the main theories of motivation, and how are they applied to the workforce?

3. How have motivational theories and industrial psychology changed the work environment since the early twentieth century?

4. What are the various identifiable leadership styles and traits, and how do they affect business leadership?

5. What are the best ways to create, manage, and participate in teams?


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Motivation

• Personal motivation

- What drives you to do your best?

• Flow

• Organizational psychology


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Motivation in the Workplace

• 73 percent of U.S. employees are not engaged in or are actively disengaged from their work

• SAS Institute in North Carolina fosters a creative environment by: - Keeping employees intellectually engaged - Removing distractions - Making managers responsible for sparking creativity - Eliminating arbitrary distinctions between

administrative “suits” and more abstract “creatives” - Engaging customers as creative partners

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Prentice Hall 8-4

Benefits of Keeping Employees

Motivated

• Workers are more productive

• Workers are more creative

• Retention levels are higher

• Companies benefit financially



Theories of Motivation:

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs


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McClelland’s “Three Needs” Theory

• The three needs

- Need for achievement

- Need for affiliation

- Need for power

• Individuals tend to have a dominant need

- This need will most influence motivation


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Herzberg’s Motivator-Hygiene

Hygiene Factors

• Safe working environment

• Proper pay and benefits

• Relationships with co-workers

Motivators

• Recognition

• Responsibility

• Promotion

• Job growth


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Dissatisfied Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied

Satisfied

Adequate Hygiene Factors

Inadequate Hygiene Factors

Adequate Motivators

Two factors that influence a person’s motivation:

Applying Motivational Theories

• Motivational theories lead to different approaches to actually motivate workers

• Extrinsic motivation

• Intrinsic motivation


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Theory X and Theory Y


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Theory Z

• Based on a Japanese management style • Relies on collaborative decision making • Employees tend to become generalists, not

specialists • Offers long-term employment with an

emphasis on individual responsibility • Workers are cooperative and loyal to the

organization • Benefits: low turnover, high productivity, and

strong workforce morale


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Vroom’s Expectancy Theory

• Motivation =

Expectancy is the idea that a person’s effort has an appreciable

effect on a situation’s result- whether it is a success or failure

Instrumentality refers to the idea that the outcome of a situation is related to rewards or punishment

Valence is the importance that the individual places on the

expected outcome of a situation

High motivation: (My work actually affects the outcome)*(There’s a good chance I’ll get a reward)* (If it works out, it’ll be a big reward!)

Low motivation: (Nothing I do is going to impact the situation)*(Even if it does go well I’ll get a reward if this works out)*(The only reward from this is incredibly small)


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Valence Expectancy Instrumentality * *

Strength-Based Management

• A system based on the belief that, rather than improve weak skills, the best way to help employees develop is to

- Identify employees’ current talents and skills and then provide additional training and support to develop them into areas of excellence

- This match between an employee’s strength and his or her daily activities, and working around his or her weaknesses, each employee becomes more motivated and engaged in his or her work


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Evolution of Motivational Theories

in Business

• Scientific management

- Frederick Taylor

- Increase productivity by training workers in the best methods to complete a task

• Industrial psychology (1920s and 1930s)

• Frank and Lillian Gilbreath – Used photography to study employee work patterns

and then analyzed these patterns to increase productivity

• The Hawthorne Effect

- Elton Mayo


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Motivational Theories for the

Modern Workplace

• New ideas are still being developed in organizational and industrial psychology

- Uncertainty management theory

• Fairness becomes more important in uncertain circumstances

• Perceived unfairness hurts job satisfaction and performance

- Sociocracy

• The interests of everyone are served equally


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Leadership

Leading is the process of influencing, motivating, and enabling others to contribute to the success and effectiveness of an organization by achieving its goals.

Four common types of leaders: • Democratic • Autocratic • Affiliative (Laissez-Faire) • Visionary


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Styles of Leadership


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Traits of Leadership


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Are There Systems for Measuring

Leadership?


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There are many personality tests that can

provide information that people can then

use to assess their leadership potential

and improve their leadership skills

Popular personality assessments:

• Big Five

•Cattell 16 PF

•Thematic Appreception Test

Teamwork:

The Advantages of Teamwork in

the Workplace

• In good, working teams, there’s agreement on the objectives at hand and on the best approach to solve the problem.

• Teammates depend on one another’s ideas and efforts to complete tasks successfully.

• There is a sense of accountability, and members are committed to one another’s success.


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The Challenges Teams Face

in the Workplace

• Teamwork does not always bring more creative output.

• Groupthink: If a team is not carefully selected this behavior of “wanting to fit in” can lead to narrow-mindedness

• Different generations in the workforce may have different styles and expectations.



Best Practices

for Teams

• Group flow occurs when a group knows how to work together so that each individual member can achieve flow

• Characteristics of such a setting - Creative spatial arrangements

- Playground design

- Constant focus on the product’s target group

- Heavy use of visualization and prototyping to construct early models


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How Managers Can Form

the Best Teams

• Some important considerations in forming a team - Size

• Too large: struggle with cohesiveness • Too small: lack diverse perspectives

- Time • Some teams’ projects may have a short time frame • Some teams work together for long time periods on

everyday tasks

- Status • Formally created teams provide updates and have

access to company resources • Less formal teams will have to work more at

communication © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.


Belbin’s Team Roles


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The Effect of Technology on the

Design of Teams

• Virtual teams

- Needed because of increased globalization

- Tools aid implementation

• Conference calls

• E-mail

• Video conferencing

• Live broadcasting

• Web casts


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Stephen Covey’s 7 Habits of Highly

Effective People

1. Be proactive

2. Begin with the end in mind

3. Put first things first

4. Think win–win

5. Seek first to understand, then to be understood

6. Synergize

7. Sharpen the saw


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Chapter Summary

1. How do motivation and work environment encourage “flow”?

2. What are the main theories of motivation and how are they applied to the workforce?

3. How have motivational theories and industrial psychology changed the work environment since the early twentieth century?

4. What are the various identifiable leadership styles and traits, and how do they affect business leadership?

5. What are the best way to create, manage, and participate in teams?


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Motivation, Leadership, and 8 Teamwork - Napa Valley …€¦ · · 2014-08-06Motivation,...

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