MOTIVATING STUDENTS TO REACH THEIR POTENTIAL...DEFINITIONS FROM THE RESEARCH Motivation- drive to do...
Transcript of MOTIVATING STUDENTS TO REACH THEIR POTENTIAL...DEFINITIONS FROM THE RESEARCH Motivation- drive to do...
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MOTIVATINGSTUDENTSTOREACHTHEIRPOTENTIAL
Day2
C.AnneGutshall
CollegeofCharleston
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PLEASEREMEMBERTOASKQUESTIONS
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STOP,CONSIDERANDDISCUSS
Whatdoesamotivatedkidlooklike?
Whatdoesanunmotivatedkidlooklike?
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Isthereconsensus?
Aredescriptionsbehaviors,personalitytraits,studyhabits?
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DEFINITIONSFROMTHERESEARCH
Motivation-drivetodosomething
MotivationtoLearn-Astudent’stendencytofindacademicactivitiesmeaningfulandworthwhileandtotrytoderivetheintendedacademicbenefitsfromthem(Brophy,1988,205).
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COMMONTHEORETICALPERSPECTIVESONMOTIVATION
1.Behavioral 2.Cognitive/SocialCognitive
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INHERENTASSUMPTIONOFBEHAVIORISTMODELS
Allstudentbehaviorismotivatedbyextrinsicforcesthattheteachercanshapeandcontrolwithrewardsandconsequences
Inschools,thereistypicallyanemphasisonthebehavioralperspective(ie.Grades,points,tickets)
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2.COGNITIVEANDSOCIALCOGNITIVETHEORIES
Studentbehaviorandmotivationisdeterminedbystudentbeliefsandexpectationsinasocialenvironment
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ASUMMARYEQUATION
Motivatingstudentstoreachtheirpotentialisseenastheproductof3forces:
ExpectancyxValencexClimate=Motivation
(Vroom,Feather,Banduraandothers)
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INCLASSROOMS,STUDENTS
Routinelyaskthemselvesthefollowing3questions:
CanIdoit?(expectancy) Isitworthit?(valence) AmIsafe?(climate)
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CANIDOIT?ISITWORTHIT?AMISAFE?
CanIdoit?Relatedtomindset,SelfEfficacy,taskclarity,pastexperiences,localofcontrol
Isitworthit?Relatedtoenjoymentoftask,extrinsicandintrinsicrewards,goals,predictabilityofenvironment
AmIsafe?Relatedtorelationships,predictability,emotionalconsistency,respectfulenvironments
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THISMORNINGOURFOCUSISON:
CanIdoit?(academicmindset)
AmIsafe?(culturallyrelevantpedagogy)
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CAROLDWECK-STANFORDUNIVERSITY
Whatwebelieveaboutourabilitiesinfluencesourmotivation-the“CanIdoit”partoftheequation.
Weallhaveimplicitbeliefsaboutourability(growth,fixed).Commonlyreferredtomindset
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SO,WHATISMINDSET?
Theextenttowhichyoubelievethatyourintellectualabilitycanbegrownthrougheffortandpersistenceversustheideathatyouarejustassmartasyouwilleverbe EX…”Iamnotamathperson”…versus…”mathtakesmoreeffortfromme”
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AGREEORDISAGREE
Youhaveacertainamountofintelligenceandyoureallycantdomuchtochangeit
Youcanlearnnewthingsbutyoucantreallychangeyourbasicintelligence
Yourintelligenceissomethingaboutyouthatyoucannotchangeverymuch
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DWECKANDOTHERS
Puzzles(MuellerandDweck)
MiddleSchoolKids(Blackwell,TriesneiwskiandDweck)
UniveristyofChicago…IQtestwithmoms
Considerhowyouconveyyourbeliefs
“you’resosmart”(fixed)
“Wow,youworkedsohardandlearnedsomuch”
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PRACTICALAPPLICATIONFIXEDANDGROWTHMINDSETS
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THEPOWEROF“YET”
https://search.yahoo.com/search?fr=mcafee&type=C011US0D20140707&p=carol+dweck,+the+power+of+yet
Dweck“enjoyeffort,seekchallenge,beintriguedbymistakes”
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RESEARCHSUGGESTS….
Thatstudentmindsetscanbechangedtopromoteresilience…or“goodoutcomesinspiteofseriousthreatstoadaptationordevelopment”(Masten,2001,YeagerandDweck,2012).
Researchalsosuggeststhatalearner’smindset,impacthisorhergoalsforlearning
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(EXPECTATION)GOALORIENTATIONS(PINTRICHANDSCHUNK,2002)
Goalorientation Approachfocus Avoidancefocus
Mastery(growth) masteringthetask,learningunderstanding
Avoidingmisunderstandingornotmasteringthetask
Performance(fixed)
Beingsuperior,winning,beingthebest
Avoidinglookingstupidoravoidinglosing
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MINDSETINFLUENCESONLEARNERATTRIBUTES
(AdaptedfromYeagerandDweck,2012)
Fixedmindset Growthmindset
goals Looksmart learn
Valueofeffort,helpandstrategies
lower higher
Responsetochallenge
Tendencytogiveup
Workharder
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ADDITIONALBRIEFINTERVENTIONSTOCHANGESTUDENTMINDSETS
WilsonandLinville,1982
Firstyearcollegestudentsstrugglingacademically……..
Treatment-studentswatchedvideosofupperlevelstudentsdescribinghowtheirgradeswerelowatfirstbutimprovedovertime.
Controlwatchedvideosofupperlevelstudentstalkingaboutsocialandacademicinterests.
Atend80%lesslikelytodropout,higherGREsandhigherGPA
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Goodetal,2003
Middleschoolstudentswhoreceivedweeklymentoringemailsdescribingagrowthmindsetovertheyearshowedsignificantlyhighermathandverbalachievementscoresthanmiddleschoolstudentsrandomlyassignedtoacontrolgroup.
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SocialPsychologicalInterventionsinEducation:TheyarenotMagic(YeagerandWalton,2011)
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APPLICATIONSTOSCHOOLS
Encourageindividualgrowthovertime(personalbest)
Encouragedeeppracticeasschoolculture
Highlightlearnerswhosetchallengingpersonalgoalsforlearning
Showcaseteachersandstudentswhostruggledatfirst,butpersisted,andovercamedifficulty
Praiseprocessoverintelligenceorability(Mueller&Dweck)
Teachyourlearnersbasicneuroscience…theideathatbrainsaredynamicandthatnobrainis“done”(Blackwell,TriezneiskiandDweck).
Makeyourclassroomaplacewheremistakesareanexpectedpartoflearningandthateffortisevidencethatneuronalconnectionsarebeingdeveloped.
Becarefulnottopraise“Gettingdonequickly”,conveythatdeeplearningcanbeeffortfulandtaketime
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STOPANDCONSIDERANDDISCUSS
Whenweconsiderourstudents“atrisk”,or“belowgradelevel”,whatmindsetarewepromoting?
Howmightourschoolsoperatedifferentlyifwewerelessconcernedwith“gettingkidscaughtup”andmoreconcernedwith“growingskills,capacitiesandtalent”?
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ITTURNSOUTTHATACADEMICMINDSET…
IspartofalargerframeworkcalledtheNon-CognitiveFactors
Non-CognitiveFactorsencompassindividual“behaviors,skills,attitudes,andstrategiesthatarecrucialtoacademicperformanceintheirclasses“(Farringtonet.al,2012)
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NONCOGNITIVEFACTORS
1.ACADEMICMINDSETS
2.ACADEMICPERSEVERANCE
3.ACADEMICBEHAVIORS
4.LEARNINGSTRATEGIES
5.SOCIALSKILLS
(Farringtonet.al,2012)
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ACADEMICMINDSETS
Ibelonginthisacademiccommunity
Myabilityandcompetencegrowwithmyeffort
Icansucceedatthis
Thisworkhasvaluetome
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WHATDOESTHISSOUNDLIKE?
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ACADEMICPERSEVERANCE
AngelaDuckworthandMartinSeligman
Thedegreetowhichstudentsstayfocusedonlongtermgoalsdespiteobstacles
GRIT
http://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/TEDxBlue-Angela-Lee-Duckworth-P
……………….NexttimeJ
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INCONCLUSION
“Decadesofresearchhaveshownthatstudents’selfmotivationalbeliefssuchasself-efficacy,taskinterestandachievementgoalorientation(growthvsfixed)areimportantpredictorsofmotivatedbehaviors(effort)andacademicoutcomes.”(Cleary,GubiandPrescott,2011)
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GOALSETTINGACTIVITY
Setagoalforyourselfandyourteachingthisyearrelatedtowhatyouhavelearnedaboutstudentmotivation,mindsetbeliefs.