MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the...
-
Upload
morgan-burns -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the...
![Page 1: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MOTIONStandards:
S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects.
S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced and unbalanced forces on objects in terms of gravity, inertia,
and friction.Essential Questions:
How can you describe an object’s motion?What causes an object’s motion to change?
![Page 2: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Motion• An object is in motion if its distance from
another object is changing.
![Page 3: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Reference Point• A place or object used for comparison to
determine if something is in motion.
![Page 4: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Measuring Distance• Scientists use the
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS (SI UNITS) to communicate their measurements clearly.
![Page 5: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Speed• The speed of an object is the distance the
object travels per unit of time.• Speed = Distance
Time
![Page 6: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Average Speed• The total distance traveled divided by the total
time.• Average Speed = Total Distance
Total Time
![Page 7: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Instantaneous Speed• The rate at which an object is moving
at a given instant in time.
![Page 8: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Velocity• Speed in a given direction.
![Page 9: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Slope• The steepness of a line on a graph.
• Slope = Rise Run
![Page 10: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Assignment:•Make sure you have
completed workbook pages 128-129 #’s 1-9•Complete workbook page
130-132 #’s 1-8
![Page 11: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Wait for me to give you your assigned seat.•Once you are seated, open
your textbook to p.320 and open your composition book. Have a pencil/pen ready.
![Page 12: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Acceleration• The rate at which velocity changes.• Refers to increasing speed,
decreasing speed, or changing direction.
![Page 13: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Warm-Up:• In your composition book,
solve the following: If a snowflake is falling at 1m/s, and 4 seconds later, it is falling at 5m/s, what is its rate of acceleration?
![Page 14: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Force• A force is a push or a pull, described
by its strength and the direction in which it acts, measured in SI unit called the NEWTON.
![Page 15: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Net Force• The combination of all forces acting
on an object; it determines whether an object moves and also in which direction it moves.
![Page 16: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Unbalanced Forces• Cause an object to start moving, stop
moving, or change direction.• Result in a net force and cause a
change in the object’s motion.
![Page 17: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Balanced Forces• Equal forces acting on one object in
opposite directions.• Do not change the object’s motion.
![Page 18: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Assignment:• complete workbook pages
137-138 #’s 1-12
![Page 19: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Warm-UP• If I were to drop a golf ball and a
ping-pong (table tennis) ball from the same height at the same time, which would reach the ground first? Explain your answer.
![Page 20: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Friction• The force that two
surfaces exert on each other.• Strength depends on
how hard the surfaces push together and the types of surfaces involved.
![Page 21: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Static Friction• The friction that
acts on objects that are not moving.• Ex: your desk sitting
on the floor.
![Page 22: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Sliding Friction• The friction that
occurs when two solid surfaces slide over each other.• Ex: sticky ballet
shoe powder to prevent slipping
![Page 23: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Rolling Friction• The friction that
occurs when an object rolls across a surface.• Ex: wheels on
skateboards
![Page 24: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Fluid Friction• The friction that
occurs when a solid object moves through a fluid.• Ex: cyclists’
streamlined helmets
![Page 25: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Gravity• A force that pulls
objects toward each other.• The LAW OF
UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION states that the force of gravity acts between all objects in the universe.
![Page 26: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Factors Affecting Gravity• MASS – a measure of
the amount of matter in an object (kg).• DISTANCE BETWEEN
OBJECTS – the farther apart two objects are, the lesser the gravitational force between them.
![Page 28: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Weight and Mass• MASS – a measure of
the amount of matter in an object (kg).• WEIGHT– The force
of gravity on a person or object at the surface of a planet..
![Page 29: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Free Fall• When the only force
acting on an object is gravity, it is in free fall. • The force of gravity is
unbalanced, which causes an object to accelerate.• Acceleration is 9.8m/s2
![Page 30: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Air Resistance• A type of fluid friction objects falling
through air experience.
![Page 31: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Terminal Velocity• The greatest
velocity a falling object reaches when the force of air resistance equals the weight of the object.
![Page 32: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Projectile Motion• An object that is
thrown is a projectile.• A projectile will
fall at the same rate as any dropped object.
![Page 33: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Warm-up:•Recall Newton’s 1st and 2nd Laws… try to put them in your own words!
![Page 34: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Newton’s First Law (Inertia)•An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object moving at a constant velocity will continue moving at a constant velocity, unless it is acted upon by an unbalanced force.
![Page 35: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Inertia depends on mass. •The more mass an object has, the harder it is to change the rate of acceleration.
![Page 36: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Newton’s Second Law•Acceleration depends on the object’s mass and on the net force acting on the object.•Acceleration = net force mass
![Page 37: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Newton’s Third Law•If one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object.
![Page 38: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Momentum•A characteristic of a moving object that is related to the mass and velocity of the object.•Momentum = Mass x Velocity
![Page 39: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Law of Conservation of Momentum
•The total momentum of any group of objects remains the same, or is conserved, unless outside forces act on the objects.
![Page 40: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Centripetal force•Any force that causes an object to move in a circular path.
Amusement Park Fun
![Page 41: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Pressure• A force exerted
over an area on the surface of an object.
![Page 42: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
• Pressure decreases as the area over which a force is distributed increases.• It is measured in
Newtons/square meter (N/m2) …aka the PASCAL• Write this ------------
![Page 43: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Fluid Pressure• All of the forces
exerted by the individual particles in a fluid combine to make up the pressure exerted by the fluid.• Air pressure is an
example of fluid pressure.
![Page 44: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Balanced Pressure• In a stationary
fluid, pressure at a given point is exerted equally in all directions.
![Page 45: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Atmospheric Pressure• As your
elevation increases, atmospheric pressure decreases; there’s less air above you!
![Page 46: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Water Pressure• Water pressure increases as depth
increases; there’s more air PLUS water above you!
![Page 47: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Barometer• An
instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure.
![Page 48: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Buoyancy• The ability to float.• The buoyant force
acts in the direction opposite to the force of gravity, so it makes an object feel lighter.
![Page 49: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Archimedes’ Principle
• The buoyant force acting on a submerged object is equal to the weight of the fluid the object displaces.
![Page 50: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Pascal’s Principle• When force is applied to a confined fluid, the
change in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid.
A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM multiplies force by applying the force to a small surface area; the increase in pressure is then transmitted to another part of the confined fluid, which pushes on a larger surface area.
![Page 51: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Bernoulli’s Principle• As the speed
of a moving fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases.
LIFT = an upward force
![Page 52: MOTION Standards Standards : S8P3 – Investigate the relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. S8P3a – Demonstrate the effect of balanced.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e375503460f94b27746/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)