Motion-Compensated Neuroanatomical Imaging · At 3T, observed variance of 50 microns with...
Transcript of Motion-Compensated Neuroanatomical Imaging · At 3T, observed variance of 50 microns with...
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Motion-CompensatedNeuroanatomical Imaging
Dylan TisdallApril 2013
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Motion-compensated MRI sequences allow you to image subjects even if they move, without discarding scans and rescanning.
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There are two basic types of motion-compensation:
Retrospective
Prospective
Post-process to estimate data that would have been measured if the subject hadn’t moved.Examples: PROPELLER, SNAILS
Track the subject and alter the acquisition “on-the-fly” to account for subject motion.Examples: PACE, vNavs, PROMO
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without prospective moco with prospective moco
MPRAGE of subject prompted to change position every 45 seconds
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• Our vNav sequences are available now onSiemens scanners (WIP 711).
• Other groups are developing similar techniques on GE scanners (e.g., PROMO).
Who should use these sequences? Everyone!
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Overview
• Following the subject:EPI-navigated prospective motion correction
• More motion-resistance:automatic retrospective reacqusition
• Using FreeSurfer for validation:longitudinal, cross-contrast analysis
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A single TR
TI gap
Inv. pulse
Readoutblock
TR gapMPRAGE &T2SPACE
FLAIR
previous TR gap Readoutblock T2SPACE
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A single TR
Inv. pulse
Readoutblock
TR gapMPRAGE &T2SPACE
FLAIR
Readoutblock T2SPACE
+ EPI Navigator
EPI Nav275 ms
EPI Nav275 ms
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A single TR
Inv. pulse
Readoutblock
TR gapMPRAGE &T2SPACE
FLAIR
Readoutblock T2SPACE
+ EPI Navigator
EPI Nav275 ms
Reg.80 ms
+ Registration and Feedback
EPI Nav275 ms
Reg.80 ms
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A single TR
Inv. pulse
Readoutblock
TR gapMPRAGE &T2SPACE
FLAIR
Readoutblock T2SPACE
+ EPI Navigator
EPI Nav275 ms
Reg.80 ms
+ Registration and Feedback= updated imaging coordinates
EPI Nav275 ms
Reg.80 ms
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The Navigator
• 323 EPI• 8 mm iso• 256 mm FOV• 25 shots• TE 5.2 ms,
TR 11 ms• ~ 275 ms
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A single TR
Inv. pulse
Readoutblock
TR gapMPRAGE &T2SPACE
FLAIR
Readoutblock T2SPACE
+ EPI Navigator
EPI Nav275 ms
Reg.80 ms
+ Registration and Feedback= updated imaging coordinates
EPI Nav275 ms
Reg.80 ms
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...
TR nTR 1
Register each EPI nav volume back to first TR using Siemens’ PACE registration algorithm.
At 3T, observed variance of 50 microns with stationary subject (a pineapple).Accuracy estimated to be better than 300 microns in real-world examples.
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Unsedated pediatric multi-echo MPRAGE
without moco or navs with navs and mocoImages courtesy of Ellen Grant, Children’s Hospital Boston
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Overview
• Following the subject:EPI-navigated prospective motion correction
• More motion-resistance:automatic retrospective reacqusition
• Using FreeSurfer for validation:longitudinal, cross-contrast analysis
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w/ mocow/o reacquisiton
w/ mocow/ 10 TRs reacquired
T2SPACE corrupted by 20 seconds of free motion during acquisition of center of k-space
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TR 2TR 1
Register each EPI nav volume back to first TR using Siemens’ PACE registration algorithm.
TRs are in alignment now
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TR 2TR 1
Motion in here?
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Users configure the number of TRs toreacquire as part of their protocol.
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Users configure the number of TRs toreacquire as part of their protocol.
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Overview
• Following the subject:EPI-navigated prospective motion correction
• More motion-resistance:automatic retrospective reacqusition
• Using FreeSurfer for validation:longitudinal, cross-contrast analysis
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1. “Longitudinal” analysis of same-subject, same-day, motion-free T1 scans without navigators, with navigators but without motion-correction, and with navigators and motion-correction
2. Registration of same-subject, same-day, with-motion T1 scans to a fully segmented same-subject, same-day, without-motion T1 scan.
3. Cross-contrast registration of same-subject, same-day, with- and without-motion T2 scans to a fully segmented same-subject, same day without motion T1 scan.
Three non-standard FreeSurfer uses“Longitudinal” analysis of same-subject, same-day, motion-free T1 scans without navigators, with navigators but without motion-correction, and with navigators and motion-correction.
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vNav-moco-
vNav+moco-
vNav+moco+
base
“Longitudinal” analysis of same-subject, same-day, motion-free T1 scans without navigators, with navigators but without motion-correction, and with navigators and motion-correction.
longitudinal stream
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vNav-moco-
vNav+moco-
vNav+moco+
base
“Longitudinal” analysis of same-subject, same-day, motion-free T1 scans without navigators, with navigators but without motion-correction, and with navigators and motion-correction.
seg
longitudinal stream
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vNav-moco-
vNav+moco-
vNav+moco+
“Longitudinal” analysis of same-subject, same-day, motion-free T1 scans without navigators, with navigators but without motion-correction, and with navigators and motion-correction.
seg
now we have voxel-wise equivalence
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cross-sectional stream
Registration of same-subject, same-day, with-motion T1 scans to a fully segmented same-subject, same-day, without-motion T1 scan.
motion-vNav-
motion+vNav+
motion+vNav-
seg
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now we have voxel-wise equivalence
Registration of same-subject, same-day, with-motion T1 scans to a fully segmented same-subject, same-day, without-motion T1 scan.
motion-vNav-
motion+vNav+
motion+vNav-
seg
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We can use mri_robust_register to extrapolate a segmentation to a subsequent acquisition.
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cross-sectional stream
Cross-contrast registration of same-subject, same-day, with- and without-motion T2 scans to a fully segmented same-subject, same day without motion T1 scan.
motion-T1
motion+vNav+
motion+vNav-
seg
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now we have voxel-wise equivalence
Cross-contrast registration of same-subject, same-day, with- and without-motion T2 scans to a fully segmented same-subject, same day without motion T1 scan.
motion-T1
motion+vNav+
motion+vNav-
seg
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We can use bbregister to extrapolate a segmentation to a subsequent acquisition with a different contrast.
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• NIH grants R21EB008547, R21AA017410, R21DA026104, R01NS055754, P41RR014075
• The Ellison Medical Foundation
Acknowledgements:
• Aaron Hess• André van der Kouwe• Martin Reuter• Himanshu Bhat• Oliver Hinds• Thomas Benner
• Michael Hamm