MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the...
-
Upload
mae-chambers -
Category
Documents
-
view
227 -
download
0
Transcript of MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the...
![Page 1: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
MOTHERBOARD
![Page 4: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
holds the holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. or indirectly to every part of the PC.
include a small block of include a small block of ROM..
The ROM contains the PC’s BIOS.The ROM contains the PC’s BIOS.
MOTHERBOARD
![Page 5: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
BUSA bus is a channel over which informationflows.
The wider the bus, the more information can flow over the channel, much as a wider highway can carry more cars than a narrow one.
The original ISA bus on the IBM PC was 8 bits wide.
![Page 6: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The universal ISA bus used now is 16 bits.
BUS
The memory and processor buses on Pentium and higher PCs are 64 bits wide.
The other I/O buses (including PCI)are 32 bits wide.
![Page 7: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)
is a computer bus standard is a computer bus standard for for attaching peripheral devices to a computer to a computer motherboard.motherboard.
MOTHERBOARD
![Page 8: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)
is a bus standard for IBM is a bus standard for IBM compatibles that extends the XT compatibles that extends the XT bus architecture to 16 bits. It is bus architecture to 16 bits. It is designed to designed to connect peripheral cards to the motherboard. to the motherboard.
MOTHERBOARD
![Page 9: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)
is a high-speed computer bus is a high-speed computer bus standard for attaching peripheral standard for attaching peripheral devices to a computer devices to a computer motherboard, dedicated primarily motherboard, dedicated primarily to assist in the to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. .
MOTHERBOARD
![Page 10: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CPU
![Page 12: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The CPU completes a set of four
basic operations:Fetches an instruction Decodes the instruction Executes the instruction Stores the results
![Page 13: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Control Center of the Computer
The Brains of the Computer –
interprets and issues instructions
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
![Page 14: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)
is a component of the CPU which performs arithmetic, comparisons, and logical operations.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
![Page 15: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What does this mean?
32-bit Pentium processor with 128 megabytes of RAM and 40 gigabytes of hard disk space.
![Page 16: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
•0 0 (OFF OFF) = Decimal 0 •0 1 (OFF ON) = Decimal 1 •1 0 (ON OFF) = Decimal 2 •1 1 (ON ON) = Decimal 3
Electronic circuits can exist in only one of two states: ON or OFF.
BINARY WORLD
![Page 18: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Binary-coded decimal
Binary coded decimal (BCD) is a numeral system used in computer memory. In BCD, numbers are represented as decimal digits, and each digit is represented by four bits:
Digit Bits Digit Bits 0 0000 5 0101 1 0001 6 0110 2 0010 7 0111 3 0011 8 1000 4 0100 9 1001
![Page 19: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
4-bit (Nibble)
8-bit (Byte)
16-bit Sample
24 = 16
28 = 256
216 = 65536
![Page 20: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Term Abbrev Approx. Memory
Size
Exact Memory Amount
Approx.
# of Pages of Text
Kilo
byte
KB
or K
1 thousand bytes
1024
bytes
50
Megabyte
MG 1 million bytes
1048576
Bytes (million)
50,000
Giga
byte
GB 1 billion bytes
1073741824 bytes
(billion)
50,000,000
Tera
byte
TB 1 trillion bytes
1099511627776 bytes
(trillion)
50,000,000,000
![Page 21: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
AMERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION
INTERCHANGE
ASCII is a seven-bit code
it uses the integers representable with seven binary digits
(a range of 0 to 127 decimal) to represent information.
i.e. 0000000 to 1111111
![Page 22: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Decimal
Binary Representation 0 0
1 12 103 114 1005 1016 1107 1118 10009 1001
10 101011 101112 110013 110114 111015 1111
14/2
7/2
3/2
1*23 =
+ 1*22 =
+ 1*21 =
+ 0*20 =
7
3
0
1
11
8
4
2
014
![Page 23: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
http://www.dnaco.net/~ivanjs/bin1-7.html
BINARY on your fingertips
Thanks to
![Page 24: MOTHERBOARD holds the and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649da75503460f94a93c64/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Click here to decode
01001000011010010010000001001001001000000110000101101101001000000100000101010011010000110100100101001001