'lyasn puy Aew noA leql saBed qam pue syooq jo is!^ jauq e s! alaqi 'ie Gu!yoal we noA l e g sBu!rg

.Assow. aw inoqe alow ~ o u y a1 ay!l plnom noA 11

'aldwes inoA q ~ w uo!ld!usap uoqs pue wm6elp aw qalew 'u!e6v -uwnlm P J ! ~ aw Q 'Aqqruqs l o 6u!Gueq 'iq6!ldn sl I!

j! lnq 'uwnlm alpp!w aql u! yo01 'swals uo saneal q l ! ~ u s 1 j uwnloa !sly aw u! yo01 uaw os j! pue

leu s! aldtuesinoh j! ap!aap IY!J 'sualpueq JO ssel6 6u!Aj!u6ew e paau Aeu noA sued awos UI 'suwnloa

aaJql oiu! pap!n!p uaaq seq uonaas pumas a q l YO01 as013

.aldwes JnoA Aj!luaplo~ no6 dlaq ll!ls lip Aay aq1 jo ued pumas aql pue iuaswd sAemle lou we salnsdn aql anoqe pauonuaw se :dedsap i,uop uaw

Kay do1 aql walj saJniaruls aw jo Aue 431ew aunb lou saop aldwesinoA $1 .sdnol6 uaqa!l aw jo auo aq

146!w l ! j! 10 aneq noA dnol6 alAqdobq qa!qM lanmslp Aaalnb ban olnous no* .aldwes lnoh sau3lelu

II~IIIM'~NO a q -0, yodl aiied &I jo dot a41 ssdn i 6uluuru Jollalasap uoqs pLe swe.6e1p 041 ie asuel3

.luasa~d IOU ale salnsdn j! - yo07 as013 pue :lusaJd ale salnsdn j! - anlos yqng

:suo!laas OM! alu! papjnlp uaaq seq appb a q l

R:loqwAs s!ql aas I~!M noA ~ay!uSew

e paau noA j! pue Q, :loqwR s !q aas [l,noA aha payeu aq lww Al!sea 6u!qlawos aas u n noA 41

'Inldlaq aq II!I~ uea qa!qm 'saw11 s-I 4!u6ew sassel6 6u!r(l!u6eu

al!qm 'lsaq s! saw!l 01. say!uSew 1e41 sualpueq v 'sa~nieaj 6u!Aj!iuap! aw jo awos aas ol sualpueq

JO ssel6 6u!4!u6ew e paau I~!M noA s a s n awos UI 'Jamsue 146!~ aqi a1 la6 noA dlaq 01 woq asn ,lxal ja!lq pue swelSe!p aldw!s awos aas II!M noh 'u!eSe asla 6u!qlawoslo uomwoq e l o uohuan!l e 'ssow e

le fiu!yool ale noA lawaqm in0 ylom noK dlaq 01 sw!e 11 '%NV U! asn 101 s! laueal s!qi u! ap!n6 aldw!s a q l

ap!n6 s!yl asn 03 MOH

BIBLIOGRAPHY T = technical. text book NT = non-teclitiical. ~vill require sonie effort by

reader bzrt erplairis mitcli. doesn'l rrpect prior knowledge of the subject's basics, good introditctory material

GP= great coloarphotogrophs

Beever, J.E., Allison, K.W. & Child, J. 1992. The Mosses of New Zealand. 2nd Ed. University of Otago Press, Dunedin. Good book to start ~jitli. Many tarn in conitilon with Australia. T. GP.

Buck, W.R, Vitt, D.H. & Malcolm, W.M. 2002. Kev to the Genera of Australian Mosses. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series Number 14. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. The kqv for the Flora of Aitstralio Moss volumes, but irseful on its O I I , ~ . T. GP.

Catcl~eside, D.G. 1980. Mosses of South Australia. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia. South Australian Government Printer, Adelaide. Goodfor dry oreas, good diagrams. T.

Dashorst, G.RM. & Jessop, J.P. 1990. Plants of the Adelaide Plains and Hills. The Botanic Gardens of Adelaide. Kangaroo Press, Kenthurst. Very goodpaintings, three bryopliytepoges. NT.

Eldridge, D. & Tozer, M.E. 1996. A Practical Guide to Soil Lichens and Brvoohvtes of Australia's Drv Countrv. Dept. of Land and Water Conservation, NSW. The title says it ON! NT. GP.

Jarman, S.J. & Fuhrer, B.A. 1995. Mosses and Livenvorts of Rainforest in Tasmania and Southeastern Australia. CSlRO Publisliing, - - Melbourne. A nice selection. NT. GP.

Malcolm, W.M. & Malcolm, N. 1989. The Forest Camet. New Zealand's little-noticed forest plants - mosses. lichens. liverworts. hornworts, fork-ferns. and lvcooods. Craig Ponon Publishing Ltd, Nelson. The slrbtitle says it ON. NT. GP.

6002 :uo!slan luaun3 ' 0 g 1 \ ~ ie ddai ou!aH pue uan es!i 'mown3 qi!pnp

'11!6Je3 aunsuq3 Aq EOOZ u! padolanap ap1n6 s ! u

ILOS mdalajbp a n .la1 u n noA ma4 BUIJ e axa LI lu oa slql le ino dd~qm 01 6~106 u e PW

'lualedde 0s lou pue 6u!syum aq Aew i! 'iou J! inq uede llal 01 Asea are Aaql sJamob aneq Aaw j~ 'slueld

auldle 6u!uuoj-uo!qsna llews aql se qans 'sassow lo j uayeis!u we siueld Suuamo~ aql uana pue

swaj saw!iawos -aJaq UIM )leap lou aspuauo a e suaql!l pue ae61v 'e61e ue le 6u!yoo1 Alqeqard ale

noA uaw 'pun016 aw uo l e u e Gu!uuoj pue salnsdn Jo saqol 'saneal lnoql!m 'uaw6 s! 1! 41 saneal

aneq lou op suaqa!i .ap!n6 aql u! paiou AUauq waql aas II!M noA pue sassow qiw pasnjuoa aq Aew lew

suaqa!l qs!uaa~6 maj e we a laq l 'uaqa!l e ie 6u!yoo1 aq hew noA uaql (pal 'MollaA 'a6ue~o .Ba) pwnolm

A11q611q pue ssaueal s! iew 6u!q1awos aneq naA jl salLqdohq i,uare jeyl s6u!yl atuos

'sual~as -141 OMI olu ll!os lllm pue .nolo:, u! MO ah lo umwq lo yx !q auoaaq IIM a paad a41 jo uea 001 atn a.niea Aaqi s v sse~8 ,o sape q ayq 43nk ban yo01 pue uaa6 ale Aaqi alnieww! uaqM ' 6 ~ 0 1 wag 01 unz woq hen pue lalawejp wwz inoqe Allensn ale Aaql padeqs-alpaau 10 (aweu uowwm i!aw

a3uaul -UJOU sAemle ale oue sa~udoho aul 6uowe . . . . . alqel~en lsea a d j l e sal"sde3 UOMLJOLI ah_ heme

. u a 4 ant8 sa nsdea .laLl sl.ohuan I paqo l e j a811 hanu ban 800. op pJe pawl pLe leJ ale suomdod

Malcolm, W.M. &Malcolm, N. 2000. Mosses and Other Brvophvtes: An illustrated *. Micro-Optics Press, Nelson. Eticyclopoedic btyopliyte glossary. T. GP.

McCarthy, P.M. (Ed.) 2006. Flora of Australia vol. 5 1 Mosses 1. ABRS & CSlRO Publishing, Canberra & Melbourne. Thefirst aioss vohrnte of the Flora ofA~tsbalio, has k ~ y to genera, introduction to n~osses arid treats 22 fartiilies. T. GP.

Meagher, D. & Ftthrer, B. 2003. A field guide to the mosses & allied plants of southern Aushalia. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series Number 20. ABRS, Canberra & The Field Naturalists Club of VIC. Goodfield guide with leaf diogranis and photos, let down bj~printirig colour registration. NT. GP.

Richards, P. 1950. . A Book of Mosses. The King Penguin Books ti

57. Penguin Books, London. Ercellent reproductiotis of 18 th cent~rry paintings. NT.

Schofield, W.B. 1985. Introduction to Brvology. Macmillan Publishing Co., New York. Detailed text on structlrre with good diagrams. T.

Scott, G.A.M. 1985. Southern Australian Liverworts. Australian Flora and Fauna Series Number 2. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. So far the only such guide, descriptions with some diagroms. T. Good block & white photographs.

Scott, G.A.M., Stone, I.G. & Rosser, C.E. 1976. The Mosses of Southern Australia. Academic Press, London. Detailed descriptions, acnrrate, detailed drmvirlgs by Celia Rosser - ati excellent artist, well-known for her Banksia paintitigs. T.

Websites: http://www.anbg.gov.au~anbg/#cryptogams http://www.anbg.gov.au/bryophytel http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uMbbs/bbs.htm http:l~www.rbg.vic.gov.au/research~and~conservati on/publications/forgotten~flora

' 6 ~ 0 1 wws oi~aiaw!~~!w e jleq wo4 hen sw6ual alnsde3 .lalawe!p u! ww Z-I. Aluo pue lnoloa u! u ~ o ~ q - p a l JO yaelq Jawla aq sAenn!e I!!M pue adeqs ul leno JO peaq y3gsqalew 10

lnuaqds lawla we salnsdn vohuan!i -syaol uo uana JO s y u q JO saqauelq jo yleq aw 6uole l o punw6 aql

6uole leu mar6 uaijo suuoj l!v 'saqol Q!M !el( a e awos pue awl-uoqq!~ pue leu aJe awos 'swals uo saneal

aJe suohuan!l awes 'alqe!len a o w uq e ale suohuan!i w o r m e y i

'laiawelp u! un1.01 w w ~ . wo4 pue 6uol unl 01 ww l. w o ~ j &en sazls alnsde3

'dnoloa u! umo~q- pa^ JO uap106 'umoiq 'lnulsaqa aq Aew Aag a n l e u uaqm lnq molm u! uaa~6 ai!nb

aq u n Aaw 6unoA uaqM 'padeqs leno l o padeqs uln 10 lnuaqds Allsagad aq Aew alnsdn a q l 'Ynolm pue sags 'sadeqs jo Jaqwnu e u! alum pue sylqs u1q1 dole 11s salnsdea ssoyy 1q6!110 Aigenb aql l o ~ay!uSew JnoA

01 anp aq Aew I! 'IOU j! lnq 'walqold ou 'lea16 'saneal aas u n noA jl .Ialaw!ll!w e j!eq se aln!I se l o UIIIOI. se 6uo1 se aq u n pue aas 01 p~eq aq saw!! le uea saneal a q l 'swals uo saneal jo dn apew slueld ale sassow

sassoyy

'sdnar6 aalqi aql jo qaea UI luway!p syooll! pue pan!l-6uol s! p!qm lueld aqljo ued uaal6 aql s! 11 .om l o Aep e Aluo Su!lsel 'pan!l uoqs al!nb we sasn awos U! pue 'lie le pa3npoJd aq IOU Aew l o leaA aql jo saw!!

u!eum le siueld aql Aq paanpold Aluo ale salnsdn a q l 'salnsdea pal ln slaujeium llews u! pmnpard ale

pue salayed isnp jo az!s aql uayo are salads asaql 'salads Aq a3npoldaJ Aaw 'swaj ay!i .spaas

l o slaMoU a3npoJd lou op Aaw lnq 'slueld ale Aaql ~s@Kqdohq ale IeUM

~s@Aqdohq pallea ale suomwoq pue svohuan!l 'sassow aw ~aq la6o l .womwoq pue

wotuaNl osle aJe w a q l 'sassow we sBu!ql .,ksow. Ile lou pue - smeld Auuns ' bp u[ ma16 sassow Auew

lael ul 'smeld Apeqs 'dwep u! ~ 0 1 6 sAemle ieql siueld uaa~6 'Ilews asoql i!e se sassow jo yu!q~ aldoad Auew

mossy

thing , .

is

that

A guide for use in the Australian National

Botanic Gardens

I Quick Solve I Can you see any of these features or structures?

Plant with needle-like capsule Plant with green umbrella-like structure Plant with a helmet-like structure with white ribbons Lots of little scale-like pieces with i Plant with green or brown capsule on coloured Plant with blackish capsule on white or transparent similar to this +HORNWORT I similar to this + LIVERWORT in hanging from it, similar to this + LIVERWORT trumpets or spikes up from them,

stalk similar to one of these +MOSS stalk similar to one of these +LIVERWORT Genus: Marchantia In Genus: Asterella similar to these + LICHEN

Close Look a & 8 Flat, either lobed or ribbon-like - liverworts, hornworts and lichens

Which ONE looks like yours?

cDDull greylgreen, brittle, tough to touch or like dried paint. possibly with small round cups on It of a diierent colour to lobes + LICHEN

@Fleshy, soft and brlght green. H cups present then same colour as lobe and crescent shaped + LIVERWORT in Genus: Lunularla

cDFleshy, soft and brlght green, H cups present then same COlOUr as lobe and circular + LIVERWORT in Genus: Marchantla

VFleshy, soft and brlght green with no cups and lots of white doWblisten ...: . . . . . . . . . on the surface + LIVERWORT - in Genus: Marchantla

VThln fleshy, soft or crisp, dark green with occasional black dots on surface + HORNWORT

@A long, thin, straplike or Y-branched structure + LIVERWORT

@An olive-brown, shapeless sheet or bubbly mat, loose on soil + CYANOBACTERiUM In Genus: Nastoc

, Prostrate with leaves on stems

i - mosses and liverworts

I Does it look like this, growing along the soil, rock or bark?

I -I It's either MOSS or LIVERWORT.

I To decide whlch, you will need to look at the leaves. I : I

I

ddd mh 22Jx:s2: + MOSS leaf*

If there is no nerve In the leaf, check the leaf shape to select below

8 if the leaves have a single point like one of these + MOSS

A2 A n X if the leaves are munded - or have multiple points or teeth something like thls @ fl I"1 + LIVERWORT

Upright or pendulous - mosses and lichens

Or does It look like this7 Q,

Leaves on stems similar to

. . any of these and

orowino either straight up or out from the surface it is growing on

or - with lots of stems growing together to form a ciumplcushion or mat.

+ MOSS

A dull, greylgreen, branching growth, (stems and branches without leaves)

amwino upright eithe~

PI hanging downwards fmm a branch of a tree

+ UCHEN

W: Sometimes a lichen's fine branches may have tiny spikes or knobs on them. Don't mistake these for leaves.)