Mortality Maternal Maping at Jember District (2012-2014) · Kalisat 2 Ledokombo 2 Sumberjambe 1...

International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management Research Studies

Volume 1, Issue 1, August - 2018

IJECMRS18AG33 www.ijecmrs.com 71

Mortality Maternal Maping at Jember District

(2012-2014) Faiqatul Hikmah1, Sustin Farlinda2, Mas Ulafatul Fitri3, Mochammad Choirur Roziqin4

Jurusan Kesehatan, Program Studi Rekam Medik

Abstract:- The maternal mortality rate in Jember

occupy tenth rank about 116,44 of 100.000 live births

based on health profile province of east java in 2012. In

2012 the number of cases maternal mortality about 43

cases, in 2013 about 36 cases and in 2014 about 31 cases.

A mapping system is a the act of to be done to monitor

distribution Maternal Mortality, that level Maternal

Mortality can be minimize smallest possible . This

mapping system using Quantum GIS application version

1.8.0. The purpose of this study is to mapping areas that

related with Maternal Mortality in Jember. The kind of

research is qualitative using waterfall method. In this

research , Quantum GIS used to make digital maps that

can be connected with databases characteristic of an

area. The result of this research is a digital map show

cases Maternal Mortality in Jember with the highest

cases located in Kaliwates Sub-district about 10 cases.

Suggested to the health department suppressed the

number of cases maternal mortality in Jember and in

other researcher able to develop digital maps by

displaying map dynamic and connect to digital maps

with internet network.

Keywords:- Mapping, Mortality, Maternal Mortality,

Quantum GIS.

I. INTRODUCTION

World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the rate

of maternal mortality all over the world is about 529,000 in year of 2000 and in 2005 the rate increased up to 536,000

maternal mortality. Nigeria, in this case, place the second

highest rate after India. In 2007, it was around 1100 /

100.000 live births (Mojekwu, 2012).

The rate in Indonesia is the fourth highest (220 /

100.000 live births) among east asian countries, followed by

Cambodia, Timor-Leste and Laos. And the number is higher

than average rate of maternal mortality in ASEAN

(Dwicaksono and Setiawan, 2013).

The trends in maternal mortality in Indonesia from

1994 to 2007 showed a significant decrease number of loss

from year to year. According to last Survey of Demography

and Indonesian Health (Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan

Indonesia), in 2007, the rate was 228 mortalities per 100.000

live births. This number was decreased from 390 loss per

100.000 lives in 1994. WHO put a target 102 mortalities per

100.000 live births in 2015, in Millenium Development goal

(Andromeda, 2012).

According to the Health Profile of East Java Province,

Jember ranked 10th in 2012. There were about 116.44 losses

in 100,000 live births. Based on Health Department in

Jember district, the rate of mortality had been changed

during 2012-2014. The data in Health Department of Jember

district showed that in 2012, the rate of mortality was about

116.44 per 100,000 lives. The rate was decreased up to

101.30 losses per 100,000 lives in 2013, and decreased up to 31 cases only in 2014. According to the survey conducted

by Health Department of Jember district, there were 43

mothers lost their lives per 36,928 live births, 36 mortalities

per 35,537 in 2013, and 31 mother in 2014. Those rate were

from the entire sub districts in Jember.

Health Department of Jember district noted that three

causes of mortality related to pregnancy and childbirth.

They are bleeding (30%), Eclampsy (42%) and other causes.

Actually the causes are able to be handled by the medical

officer if the patient is brought to the closest Community

Health Center with adequate medical equipment and

medicine helped by the medical personal. Another factor of

mortality is caused by the limited access to health services

for their childbirths. For that reason, Health Department of

Jember district conducts monitoring to reduce the rate of maternal mortality by promoting reproduction health,

developing health facilities, and giving services according to

SOP of safe childbirth in Health Center. In addition, a

companion is given to those during pregnancy, especially

who are at higher risk. The monitoring program arranged by

Health Department of Jember district results the best if it is

supported by area mapping of maternal mortality. In this

case, Jember district has no such area mapping. This

mapping is expected to monitor and solve maternal

mortality.

As the information technology develops, geographical

information system is very helpful in observing each region

in order that maternal mortality is identified. In this case, the

data related to the maternal mortality can be input to the

Quantum GIS which is, then, able to monitor in which place, maternal mortality is often occurred and it is called digital

mapping. Further, the digital mapping helps medical

personnel in monitoring and reducing the rate of maternal

mortality in one particular sub district in Jember. In

addition, the medical officer does not need to choose which

sub district has the highest rank of the rate since the

application provides the information systematically. For that

reason Community Health Center officer need to input the

current data to result the map of maternal mortality in

Jember district. So that, the system eases the medical officer

in monitoring the rate on each sub district by clicking only.

Objective

The objective of this research is to provide digital

mapping of maternal mortality spread in Jember district.

http://www.ijisrt.com/




II. METHOD

The research applies qualitative method. The

qualitative data in this research characteristic of particular

region. In this research, the researchers apply Quatum GIS

1.8.0 versiont to input the data of maternal mortality in the

entire Community Health Center in Jember district, including pregnance mortality, childbirth mortality, childbed

mortality.

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The main requirement to create mapping of maternal

mortality is the data deals with maternal mortality. In this

case, the researcher gained the data from Health Department

of Jember, Health Services Division. The data needed for

maternal mortality mapping are described as follow:

The data of maternal mortality in each Community

Health Center in Jember District during 2012-2014.

The data of health services facilities, such as Community

Health Center and professional midwife at health care

facility.

The number of traditional midwife who have trained

(trained traditional midwife) and

traditional midwife at urban and rural area.

Data large area and population in Jember district.

All those data will be analyzed and then put all in the

system that the information system contribute the best helps

in solving every problem.

A. The Report of Maternal Mortality in Health Department

in Jember District.

The researchers conducted the research on january 1 to

August 1, 2015. The researchers looked up the data of

maternal mortality rate at the Health Department of Jember.

The data, then, was input to the database of digital mapping. The following table is the rate of maternal mortality spread

in Jember district in 2012 to 2014.

Sub District ∑ Maternal mortality

Kencong 2

Gumukmas 4

Puger 4

Wuluhan 6

Ambulu 1

Tempurejo 1

Silo 8 Mayang 2

Mumbulsari 4

Jenggawah 2

Ajung 5

Rambipuji 3

Balung 4

Umbulsari 2

Semboro 2

Jombang 3

Sumberbaru 7

Tanggul 5 Bangsalsari 5

Panti 5

Sukorambi 1

Arjasa 3

Pakusari 2

Kalisat 2

Ledokombo 2

Sumberjambe 1

Sukowono 3

Jelbuk 4

Kaliwates 10 Sumbersari 5

Patrang 2

Total 110

Table 1. The spread of maternal mortality in Jember district

in 2012 to 2014.

Source: Health Department of Jember 2012-2014

According to the data above, in Kaliwates sub district,

maternal mortality cases were the most frequently happened

in 2012 to 2014. Contrary, there was only a case of mortality

case in 4 different sub districts: Ambulu, Tempurejo,

Sukorambi, and Sumberjambe.

B. The Report of Health Services Facilities in Jember

District

In this sub theme, the researchers present the facilities

dealing with the number of Community Health Center,

urban midwife, verified midwife helper, and traditional

midwife helper. According to the data below, the number of

traditional midwife in urban and rural area is more than

trained traditional midwife. In this case, there were about

1,181 urban and rural area-traditional midwife while there

were 1,122 trained midwife. From the table, 430 urban midwifes were spread in Jember district.





Sub District

∑

Com

Healt

h

Center

Profe

s.l

midw

ife

Trained

traditional

midwife

Urban

and rural

area-trad.

midwife

Kencong 2 15 35 35

Gumukmas 2 13 28 29

Puger 2 20 56 57

Wuluhan 2 18 29 29

Ambulu 3 24 40 40

Tempurejo 2 16 47 49

Silo 2 17 66 68

Mayang 1 11 36 36

Mumbulsari 1 11 40 40

Jenggawah 2 12 45 45

Ajung 1 10 18 18

Rambipuji 2 18 19 21

Balung 2 14 24 24

Umbulsari 2 13 39 39

Semboro 1 8 18 18

Jombang 1 10 16 16

Sumberbaru 2 18 68 83

Tanggul 2 21 41 41

Bangsalsari 2 21 58 58

Panti 1 10 24 25

Sukorambi 1 8 24 25

Arjasa 1 9 43 43

Pakusari 1 7 21 21

Kalisat 1 13 44 44

Ledokombo 1 13 50 57

Sumberjambe 1 12 45 45

Sukowono 1 14 47 47

Jelbuk 1 10 34 45

Kaliwates 3 17 24 24

Sumbersari 2 14 31 36

Patrang 1 13 23 23

Jumlah 49 430 1133

1181

Table 2. The health services facilities in Jember District in

2012 to 2014

Source: Health Department of jember District 2014

C. The Report of Central Statistics departement

According to the Central Statistics department the

large area of jember is about 3,293.34 km². It is divided in to

31 sub districts.

Table 3. Population Data in Jember District 2010

Source: Central Statistics Bureau

The largest sub district in Jember is Tempurejo: it is

about 524.46 km². The narrowest sub district is Kaliwates.

The wide area of this sub district is about 24.94 km².

In 2013, 2,587,188 people lived in Jember district. The most crowded one was in Wuluhan: 130,742 lived in there.

Contraly, in Jelbuk there were only 32,243 people lived in

there where the large area is 65.06 km². Among the citizens,

there were 1,278,725 women. In this case, the highest

number of women were in Bangsal Sari, about 64,204

women and the lowest number of women was found in

Jelbuk where 15,659 women lived in there.

No Sub District Large Area (Km²)

1 Kencong 65,92

2 Gumukmas 82,98

3 Puger 148,99

4 Wuluhan 137,18

5 Ambulu 104,56

6 Tempurejo 524,46

7 Silo 309,98

8 Mayang 63,78

9 Mumbulsari 95,13

10 Jenggawah 51,02

11 Ajung 56,61

12 Rambipuji 52,8

13 Balung 47,12

14 Umbulsari 70,52

15 Semboro 45,43

16 Jombang 54,3

17 Sumberbaru 166,37

18 Tanggul 199,99

19 Bangsalsari 175,28

20 Panti 160,71

21 Sukorambi 60,63

22 Arjasa 43,75

23 Pakusari 29,11

24 Kalisat 53,48

25 Ledokombo 146,92

26 Sumberjambe 138,24

27 Sukowono 44,04

28 Jelbuk 65,06

29 Kaliwates 24,94

30 Sumbersari 37,05

31 Patrang 36,99

Total 3.293,34





No Sub District ∑ Population ∑ Women

Population

1 Kencong 73.530 36.428

2 Gumukmas 92.239 45.233 3 Puger 130.513 63.769

4 Wuluhan 130.742 63.281

5 Ambulu 121.250 58.898

6 Tempurejo 77.505 37.897

7 Silo 118.954 58.211

8 Mayang 51.878 25.975

9 Mumbulsari 70.310 34.877

10 Jenggawah 90.862 44.490

11 Ajung 84.304 41.372

12 Rambipuji 92.155 45.627

13 Balung 87.275 43.183

14 Umbulsari 79.740 39.323 15 Semboro 51.160 25.368

16 Jombang 55.933 30.208

17 Sumberbaru 122.799 61.087

18 Tanggul 95.024 47.265

19 Bangsalsari 129.067 64.204

20 Panti 67.609 33.547

21 Sukorambi 41.154 20.453

22 Arjasa 39.298 19.485

23 Pakusari 44.697 22.378

24 Kalisat 79.531 39.568

25 Ledokombo 68.683 34.214 26 Sumberjamb

e

59.899 29.731

27 Sukowono 62.863 31.410

28 Jelbuk 32.243 15.959

29 Kaliwates 113.654 57.001

30 Sumbersari 112.970 56.442

31 Patrang 103.897 51.841

Total 2.587.188 1.278.725

Tabel 4:- The Number of Population on Each Sub District in

2013

Source: Genereal Directorate of Population and Civil

Registration, Ministry of Home Affairs 2013

No Sub District MM

2012-2013

1 Kencong 100,2

2 Gumukmas 130,2

3 Puger 79,7

4 Wuluhan 144,7

5 Ambulu 30,2

6 Tempurejo 41,3

7 Silo 217,6

8 Mayang 65,1

9 Mumbulsari 101,1

10 Jenggawah 37,5

11 Ajung 217,8

12 Rambipuji 79

13 Balung 127,4

14 Umbulsari 46,8

15 Semboro 143

16 Jombang 68,3

17 Sumberbaru 115,3

18 Tanggul 156,3

19 Bangsalsari 107,1

20 Panti 203,5

21 Sukorambi 93,3

22 Arjasa 258,8

23 Pakusari 78,5

24 Kalisat 43,1

25 Ledokombo 0

26 Sumberjambe 0

27 Sukowono 165,1

28 Jelbuk 216,6

29 Kaliwates 222

30 Sumbersari 120

31 Patrang 35

Jumlah 3445,8

Tabel 5. The Number of Maternal Mortality in 2012-2013

Source: Health Department of Jember

Planning Stage

On this stage, secondary data is gathered. In this case,

the data of maternal mortality in Jember district is still raw.

Then, the data will be inputted in to Microsoft Excel 2010.

By then, the data is ready to be transferred to the application

that the researcher use.

Modeling Stage

The next step is modelling. Here, the researchers apply

Quantum GIS 1.8.0 to which the data is input. Modelling

process is executed based on the gathered data. By using the application, the researchers are able to digitalize the map. In

addition, Style feature can be used to arrange the appearance

of the map. As the result, the map will present various

colours to indicate the rate of mortality in one particular sub

district in Jember district. Point feature is to identify the





name of sub district, Community Health Center, Hospital,

and direction. In the end of the process, the application will perform the mapping statically, with no internet. For that

reason, it is a must to make sure the users have already

installed Quantum GIS 1.8.0.

D. Constructing Digital Map of Maternal Mortality Spread in Jember District.

There are some steps in constructing the digital map.

They are explained below.

Construction Stage This digital map is a map of health and a map of

maternal mortality spread in Jember district. On this stage

the researchers create a map. The step of making a map are

explaine as follow:

The very first step is digitalizing the map by creating

Polygon on Jember district map. Before that, Raster

layer is added on analog map of Jember district which is

saved in the folder. For choosing coordinate reference

system, choose WGS 84, EPSG:4326. Related folder

should be saved in the same folder that the application

can run well.

Fig 1:- Add the Raster layer

Fig 2:- The steps to choose coordinate reference system

dialog

As analog map is choosen and matched to the

coordinate refference system, save the map in the same folder. The analog map needs to be digitalized that the

computer can read it in the program.

Fig 3:- Add New Shafile layer

Fig 4:- Shafile layer is activated

After shafile layer is activated, then choose polygon

and add feture, such as the number of maternal mortality,

Community Health Center, profesional midwife at health

care facilities, trained traitional midwife, and urban and

rural area-traditional midwife. After that, make polygon on

the map. After that, activate toggle editing to start

digitalizing map.

Fig 5:- Activate toggle editing to digitalize the map

Fig 6:- Digitalizing the border of jember district using

toggle editing





Fig 7:- Digitalizing the boder of sub district using toggle

editing

If you want to add table on the map, choose tool layer and then click open table. Here, the user may fill the

secondary data from their research result. Save the data in

one particular folder or local disk.

Fig 8:- Add the feature on the map

Fig 9:- Dialogue to input the secondary data on the map

After all the secondary data from Health Department

of Jember is completely input to the table feture, save the

work.

The next step is making dot or point.

The dot on the map is to indicate the name of sub

district, community health center and hospital. The first thing you need to do is clicking Tool, new Shafile layer by

selecting point on the dialog box.

Fig 10:- digitalizing subdistrict on Jember map

Coloring on Jember digital map

The number of Maternal Mortality case of each

subdistrict in Jember is represented by the color on digital

map. The color differenciate the number of case on one area.

Through this color, the area with the high level of Maternal Mortality case can be read easily. To differecaite the color,

the subdistrict border should be activated. To start coloring,

select tool layer on subdistrict by double click on layer.

Look at the Fig 11.

Fig 11:- The number of case in active subdistrict

Fig 12:- layer property of active subdistrict border

Select style to start adjusting the color based on MM case in each subdistrict. Then, select the MM number to

categorize the data base on the expected color. The score

functions for coloring adjusment with the calssification of

each subdistrict filled on the previous digital map. In each

symbol, there is color adjusted by the case number to

differenciate high or low level of MM case by showing the

difference color. To add the color, select the classification.

To change the color, double click on symbol. This color will

change in every moment if MM case is changed or updated

based on the time of the accident.





Testing is done by showing the digital map filled by the

atributes and layers supporting the digital map.

Digital map display of Maternal Mortality spread in

Jember district.

The use of color on digital map is to show Maternal

Mortality spread level in Jember. The color on digital map can be changed or updated based on the data happening on

particular time. The attributes on Maternal Mortality digital

map are:

The number Maternal Mortality

The number of health service facilities, Community

Health Center, profesional midwife, trained traditional

midwife and urban and rural area-traditional midwife.

The large area of Jember district

The number of society

The number of woman society

From those attributes, high or low level of Maternal

Mortality in each area in jember can be determined.

Fig 13:- digital map interface of Maternal Mortality in

Jember

Showing the atribute on digital map automatically

This step can show digital map atribute automatically.

Secondary data filled in attribute will appear when one area

on digital map is clicked. By doing this, public health officer

will easily study the high level of Maternal Mortality of

each area so that the completion to the problem can be done

directly, accurately, efficiently.

The most important is attribute and master data should

be saved in one folder. If it is not, it can change the digital map display and can cause attribute data on digital map

cannot be shown so that the information cannot be accessed

maximally.

Having entered to the folder, click the identification

fiture to show the atribute on master digital map.

Fig 14:- the icon of active identification fiture

Fig 15:- Map atribute display

a) Digital map Layout display of Maternal Mortality in

Jember

The digital map Layout is to interprate the map in form

of JPG or BMP. This JPG or BMP format file can be used

for presentation. The Layout on digital map has a direction and color scale lagend to guide the reader on understanding

the map.

The result of digital mapping on Maternal Mortality in

Jember

Fig 16:- Digital map of maternal Mortality in Jember

Fig 17:- The number of society Layout on digital map

(JPEG format file)

Based on health profile of East Java 2012, the rate of

maternal mortality for the high level is above 97,43 /100.000





KH, for the everage category is under 97,43 /100.000 KH,

low category is 0. color low 0 (no data)

color medium <97,43/100.000 KH

color high > 97,43 /100.000 KH

E. Data analysis on digital map

Based on Health Minister’s decision of Indonesia No.

HK.02.02/MENKES/52/2015 about strategic planning of

ministry of health in 2015-2019 chapter I said that the main

factors of maternal mortality are hypertension while

pregnant and post partum bleeding. These factors can be

minimalized if antenatal care quality is well conducted.

Potential and challenge in decreasing maternal mortality and child is the number of medical officer in this case is midwife

which is widely spread in Indonesia but the competence is

inadequate.

Based on data maintained and served in 2012-2014,

the sub district that have high level Maternal Mortality in

Jember is:

Kaliwates

Based on the data of Maternal Mortality case in 2012-2014

got from health department in Jember, maternal mortality in Kaliwates were about 10 cases.

Geographical condition Explanation

1. Large of an area 24,94 km2

Table 6. geographic condition in Kaliwates

Condition Explanation

1. The number of society 113.654

2. The number of woman society 57.001

3. The number of MM 10 cases

4. Maternal Mortality cases in 2012: 3 cases

in 2013: 4 cases

in 2014: 3 cases

Table 7. MM case in Kaliwates

1. The number of Community Health Center 3

2. Profesional Midwife 17

3. The number of trained traiditonal midwife 24

4. Rural and urban area- traditional midwife 24

Table 8. the number health service facilities in Kaliwates

There are 3 Community Health Centers in Kaliwates:

Kaliwates, Mangli and Jember Kidul Commnunity Health

Center. This area is located on the center of the city. This

area is not large, but the population is crowded enough.

Mostly, the society in this area is not local citizen. Based on Maternal Mortality cases, Kaliwates has a high level of

Maternal Mortality with 10 cases in 2012-2014.

The result of the interview with midwife coordinator in every health center in Kaliwates said that the main factors of

Maternal Mortality are divided into:

A. Geographic condition

Kaliwates is the smallest area in Jember which is only 24,94 km2. Then, the number of the society is about 113.654

and 57.001 of woman. In this case, Kaliwates is in the center

of the city inhabited by nomadic society. Kaliwates has

crowded population. In this sub dsitrict, woman population

is higher than man. This condition results invalid data got by

midwife. Another side, skrining process for pregnant woman

from the beginning until puerperal by midwife region is not

maximum. This is proved by the data of maternal mortality

in 3 Community Health Centers in Kaliwates. This is based

on the interview result with the first respondent:

B. Life style factor Life style becomes important for young pregnant

women living in the city. Mostly, they do not expected their

body becomes fat because of pregnancy by consuming a lot

of food. This condition affects to the amount of nutrition

consumed by pregnant women that can cause chronic

malnutrition. Besides, they often suffer anemia which reach

more than 50 % of the pregnant woman. This information is

based on the interview to the second respondent.

There is target area monitored by social service for high

risk pregnant woman covered by one of Community Health

Centers in Kaliwates.

Risk factor

Every Community Health Center in Kaliwates has a

regional profesional midwife and every midwife region has

a sub Community Health Center which can cover high risk

pregnant woman. Tegal Besar is a region which has high

risk pregnant woman. This is proved by the data from

Januari - September reaching up to 96% of 100% of the

target in a year. Besides that, the causes of maternal

mortality are caused by bleeding and abnormality or

complication while pregnancy. This information is based on the third respondent information.

... ...each Community Health Center has regional profesional midwife. They are placed in sub Community Health Center. Each sub has data deal with high riskpregnant woman. The most recent data, from January to September, the highest number is located in Tegal Besar, about 97 cases

mencapai 96% jadi banyak sekali.

....commonly the awareness of pregnant woman is good. They regularly come to doctor regularly. Unfortunately, the youth life style affect them in consuming the nutrition for the baby. They are afraid of being fat. Since then, their health are not at their best. Even, they have less energy, anemia.





IV. CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclussion

Based on the result and discussion on Maternal

Mortality in Jember in 2012 – 2014 can be concluded that:

The number of Maternal Mortality in Jember was 110

cases from 2012-2014, which include 43 cases in 2012, 36 cases in 2013, and 31 cases in 2014. Meanwhile, Maternal

Mortality cases force to 20 – 34 years old in 2012-2013.

This age is categorized as productive and fragile which

can be infected by deseases.

Maternal Mortality digital mapping is conducted on 31

subdistricts based on the data gained from Health

Depatment which cover: the data of maternal mortality in

2012-2014, the data of health service facilities: health

service, regional profesional midwife, trained traditional

midwife, urban and rural area-traditional midwife, large

area, and the number of the society in Jember.

Maternal Mortality digital map in 2013-2014 shows that

there are four subdistricts with high level of Maternal

Mortality cases, including: Kaliwates, Sumberbaru, Silo

and Wuluhan. Kaliwates is in the highest level and

Sumberjambe is in the lowest level.

B. Suggestion

Digital mapping is expected to compress the number of

Maternal Mortality cases in Jember, especially for the

area with the high level of death.

Maternal Mortality digital mapping can be used as

references by health depertment in Jember to conduct the

training for traditional midwife formally and joining

medical services.

For the next researcher, the dinamic (WebGIS) digital

map display will be more beneficial to be developed.

Connecting digital map to internet services.

Developing digital map supported by modern devices for

acurate GIS result.

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[14]. Mojekwu, Joseph Nnamdi and Ibekwe, Uche. 2012. “

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Intervention Methods”. International Journal of

Humanities and Social Science. Jurnal. 2 NO 20. University of Lagos. Nigeria.

www.ijhssnet.com/journals/...2012/13.pdf. [17 Mei

2015]

[15]. Prawirohardjo, Sarwono. 2006. Ilmu Kebidanan ( Hanif

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[16]. Rukmini, LK. Wiludjeng . 2005. Gambaran Penyebab

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Pesisir Selatan, Rsud Padang Pariaman, Rsud Sikka,

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https://skripsistikes.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/27.pdf.

[21 Oktober 2015]

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...here the passed away pregnant woman is a nomaden citizen. She was listed in Kepatihan, but she lived in Sumbersari, worked in private company or as enterpreneur. It becomes more difficult to get valid data since she was a transmigram.


http://lib.ui.ac.id/file?file%20=digital/20321833-S-Loli%20Adriani.pdf

http://lib.ui.ac.id/file?file%20=digital/20321833-S-Loli%20Adriani.pdf

http://lib.ui.ac.id/%20file?file=digital/20312580S43566Wilayah%20angka.pdf

http://lib.ui.ac.id/%20file?file=digital/20312580S43566Wilayah%20angka.pdf

http://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11716476.pdf

http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/...2012/13.pdf

https://skripsistikes.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/27.pdf




[20]. Sugiharyanto. 2007. Geografi dan Sosiologi. Jakarta:

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mercubaktijaya.ac.id/downlotfile.php?file=8e.pdf. [23

Oktober 2015]

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Sistem Informasi Pemetaan Penanganan Ibu Hamil dan

Neonatal di Kabupaten Kudus. Skripsi. Universitas Muria Kudus. http://eprints.umk.ac.id/86/1/

ANALISA_DAN_PERANCANGAN_SISTEM_INFOR

MASI.pdf. [23 Oktober 2015]

[24]. WHO.2004. The Tenth Revision of The International

Classification of Diseases. Geneva.

[25]. WHO. 2010. Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to

2008. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.

[26]. Yulianto, Ir Widi. 2003. Aplikasi AutoCAD 2002 untuk

Pemetaan dan SIG. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo.


http://eprints.umk.ac.id/86/1/%20ANALISA_DAN_PERANCANGAN_SISTEM_INFORMASI.pdf



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