MORPHOLOGY

• What is word?

Word is a sound or sound groups articulated that express a idea.

• What is word? Orthographically.

It is a group of letters separated by spaces.

WORD

WORD

• Could you enumerate the words of these sentences?

- Sergio and Luz walk by the square.

- Sergio walks by the square.

- Sergio walked by the square.

WORD

• All these graphics, Are words?

cows floor

letter violet

by ten

WORD FORM AND

LEXEME

• What is the difference between word-form and lexeme?

Word- Form

• Definition.- It is the representation o realization of a lexeme.

• How many do word-forms have the verb “go”?

GO goes - going - went - gone 1 2 3 4 5

Lexeme

• Definition.- Abstract representation of a word-form. It’s the key member of the inflectional paradigm.

• What is the lexeme of the verb “go”?

GO goes - going - went - gone Lexeme

MORPH, MORPHEME AND FORMATIVE

• Morph.- It is the concrete representation of a morpheme.

un - touch - able

MORPH MORPH MORPH

MORPH, MORPHEME AND FORMATIVE

• Morpheme.- The minimal unit of grammatical analysis.

• Now, you could identify what is morph and what is morpheme?

MORPH MORPH MORPH un - touch - able “not” “L” “able to be” adj. f.

morpheme morpheme morpheme

MORPH, MORPHEME AND FORMATIVE

• Formative.- Distributional segment of a word-form independient.

This sheep is eating sheep 1 formative

These sheep are eatingsheep 2formatives

[sheep and Ø(of the plural)]

Note.- Formative covers both “morph” and “empty morph”.

BOUND MORPH

A bound morph can only occur in a word- form in conjunction with to least other morph

blender blend - er

winner win - er shouts shout - s

bound morph

Bound morph is a unanalysable morph, they are affixes which can be divided into prefixes or sufixes which are attached before or after of a base. Morphs which realize lexemes.

dis - like

un - clear

colour - ed

FREE MORPH

A free morph can occurs in isolation which can also be a word-form.

blender blend - er

winner win - er

shouts shout - s

Free morphs

Also the free morphs don’t need of other morphs to undertand its meaning.

free - dom

cross - fire

cross - bar

book - s

Allomorp and manteau morph

• These are explain by another group.

Root

It’s a basic part always present in a lexeme. It’s further analyzable either in terms of derivational or inflectional i.e it remains when all derivational or

inflectional affixes have been removed.

Stem• Is of concern only when dealing with

inflectional morphology but need not be complex. All inflexional affixes have been removed.

Example. gobernment – s stem

Base

• A form in which can be added suffixes, prefixes.

Example. Dis- appear – ed Base

Affix

• Bound morphs which realizes analyzable lexeme. It may be derivational like English.

• Example. - ness and pre- or inflectional like English plural - s and past tense – ed.

Prefix

• Is a segment that always appears before a base.

Example. un- happy

Suffix

• Is a segment that always appears after a base.

Example. touch- able

Infix

• It’s an affix inserted inside a stem.

Example. Saltellare.