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Morphology of Plants

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Objectives Define plant morphology Describe characteristics of the leaves, stems, roots, and flowers of range plants Describe the anatomy of grasses

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Plant Morphology Describes the physical form and external structures of a plant

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Roots

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Stems Stemsthe axes of plantsconsist of nodes (where leaves and axillary buds are produced) separated by internodes.

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Stems Hollow or PithySolid Not JointedSolidWoody Solid GrassesGrass-likesForbsShrubs (Sedges)(Rushes)

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Sharp things Thorn - sharp-pointed stem/shoot (fr. axillary bud) Spine - sharp-pointed leaf or leaf part leaf spine (also leaflet spine) stipular spine petiolar spine Prickle - sharp pointed epidermal appendage

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Fig. 38.23

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Fig. 38.28a

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Fig. 38.28b

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Fig. 38.28c

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Stem (Shoot) Types & Modifications

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Onion Bulb

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Compare ???

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Leaves Important characteristics Type Arrangement Shape Margin Veination Apex

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External Parts of the Leaf

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Leaf parts Blade Petiole Pair of stipules

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The major parts of the leaf are shown in Figure 4.3. In monocots the leaf is almost always broadly sheathing at the base. In taxa such as grasses and gingers there is an adaxial flap or ligule at the junction of the sheath and blade. A leaf that lacks a petiole is said to be sessile.

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Leaf Types Simple Compound Compound - PalmateCompound - Pinnate

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Leaf Arrangements (Compound)

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Leaf Morphology

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Leaf Forms

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Leaf characteristics

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Leaf Shapes Ovate Palmate Linear EllipticLanceolateOblanceolate Wedge-shapedArrow-shapedObovate

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Finally, the leaf may have many parallel veins, a pattern termed parallel venation.

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Leaf Bases

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Leaf Margins

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Leaf margins

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Leaf Margin - The leaf blade may have lobed or unlobed margins. These and other types of margins are: unlobed, lobed, entire, dentate, serrate, and crenate.

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Leaf Margins Serrated Lobed-pinnateLobed-palmate ToothedScallopedEntire

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Leaf Tips

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Leaf Apex and Base - Various terms relating to the shape of the leaf apex or leaf base include: acute, obtuse, acuminate, emarginate, truncate, and rounded (apex); acute, obtuse, rounded, decurrent, truncate, cordate, lobate, and sagittate (bases).

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Leaf Veinations ParallelPinnate PalmateNetted

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Leaf Arrangements (Simple)

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Leaf Arrangements Alternate OppositeWhorled

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Leaf Arrangement

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Fig. 38.30