Morphological Latin Word List 2015 - thomasaquinas.edu · Morphological Latin Word List NOMINA...

Morphological Latin Word List

PRAEPOSITIONES 1. Governing Accusative or Ablative 2. Governing Accusative Only 3. Governing Ablative Only 4. Coniunctiones 5. Interiectiones NOMINA SUBSTANTIVA 6. -a- Stems 6.1 Feminine 6.2 Masculine 7. -o- Stems 7.1 -o- Stem with Nom. Sing. in -s 7.2 -ro- Stem with Nom. Sing. in -s 7.3 -ro- Stem with Nom. Sing. in -r 7.4 -o- Stem Nom. Sing. in -m 8. -i- Stems 8.1 Masc/Fem Parasyllabic 8.2 Masc/Fem Imparasyllabic 8.3 Neuter Parasyllabic 8.4 Neuter Imparasyllabic 8.5 Plural Nom. Used for Nom. Sing. 8.6 With Two Stems 9. -bri- and -tri- Stems 10. -d- and -t- Stems (Dental Stems) 11. -c- and -g- Stems (Velar Stems) 12. -p- and -b- Stems (Labial Stems) 13. -l- Stems 14. -r- Stems 15. -s- Stems 16. -v- or Consonantal -u- Stems 17. -m- Stem 18. -n- Stems 19. -u- Stems 20. -e- Stems 21. Nouns with Two Stems 22. Ambiguous Stems NOMINA ADIECTIVA 23. -a- and -o- Stem Adjectives 24. -ra- and -ro- Stem Adjectives 25. Nine with genitive in -ius 26. -i- Stem Adjectives 26.1 Of Three Endings 26.2 Of Two Endings 26.3 Of One Ending 27. Consonant Stem Adjectives 28. Adiectiva Numeralia 29. Pronomina & Adiectiva Pronominalia

VERBA 30. Defective Verbs PRIMITIVE VERBS 31. Root Verbs 32. -ĕ- Stems (Acc. to Present Stem) 32.1 No Present Stem Formant 32.2 Reduplication 32.3 -n-, -l- Suffix 32.4 -n- Infix 32.5 -sc- Suffix 32.6 An -ĕ- Stem Semi-Deponent 32.7 -ĕ- Stem Deponents 33. Assimilated -ĕ- Stems 33.1 Nine with Compounds 33.2 Assimilated -ĕ- Stem Deponents DENOMINATIVE VERBS 34. -ā- Stems (Acc. to Perfect Stem) 34.1 Reduplication 34.2 Ablaut 34.3 -v- Suffix 34.4 -u- Suffix (Loss of -ā-) 34.5 -ā- Stem Deponents 35. -ē- Stems (Acc. to Perfect Stem) 35.1 No Perfect 35.2 Reduplication 35.3 Ablaut 35.4 -s- Suffix 35.5 -v- Suffix 35.5 -u- Suffix (Loss of -ē-) 35.7 -ē- Stem Semi-Deponents 35.8 -ē- Stem Deponents 36. -ī- Stems (Acc. to Perfect Stem) 36.1 Reduplication 36.2 Ablaut 36.3 -s- Suffix 36.4 -v- Suffix 36.5 -u- Suffix (Loss of -ī-) 36.6 -ī- Stem Deponents ADVERBIA 37. Taking Common Adv. Formation 38. Nouns or Pron. Used as Adverbs 38.1 Accusatives 38.2 Original -i- Stem Accusatives 38.3 Ablatives 39. Adjectives Used as Adverbs 39.1 Accusatives 39.2 Ablatives and Locatives 39.3 -o- Stems With Irr. -e- Ending 40. Contracted Sentences


Prepositiones

1. Governing Accusative or Ablative in (loc. abl.) sub (loc. abl.) super

2. Governing Accusative Only ad adversus ante apud circa contrā

ergā extrā inter per post

praeter propter secundum suprā trāns ultrā

3. Governing Ablative Only

3.1 Original ā, ab, abs dē ex, ē

3.2 Instrumental cum sine

3.3 Locative prae prō

4. Coniunctiones ac an at atque (ut + que) aut (aut...aut...) cum dum dummodo (dum + que) enim

et etsī (et + sī) igitur nam nē nec neque (ne + que) nisi (ni + si) postquam (post + quam) quamvīs (quam + vis)

quasi (quam + si) -que quod quoniam (quon + iam) sed sī sīcut (si + cut) ut vel

5. Interiectiones

ecce en

heu hui

Ō vae


NOMINA SUBSTANTIVA

6. -a- Stems 6.1 Feminine -a- Stems

abundantia, abundantiae f. adulescentia, adulescentiae f. agricultura, agriculturae f. amica, amicae f. amicitia, amicitiae f. ancilla, ancillae f. anima, animae f. aqua, aquae f. ara, arae f. audacia, audaciae f. avaritia, avaritiae f. barba, barbae f. benevolentia, benevolentiae f. bestia, bestiae f. campana, campanae f. casa, casae f. catena, catenae f. causa, causae f. cena, cenae f. clementia, clementiae f. conscientia, conscientiae f. copia, copiae f. corona, coronae f. creatura, creaturae f. culpa, culpae f. cultura, culturae f. cura, curae f. care custodia, custodiae f. dea, deae f. diligentia, diligentiae f. discipula, discipulae f. divitiae, divitiarum f. (plural only) doctrina, doctrinae f. domina, dominae f. ecclesia, ecclesiae f. eloquentia, eloquentiae f. epistola, epistolae f. excellentia, excellentiae f. fabula, fabulae f. fama, famae f. familia, familiae f.

femina, feminae f. fenestra, fenestrae f. filia, filiae f. flamma, flammae f. forma, formae f. fortuna, fortunae f. fuga, fugae f. gloria, gloriae f. gratia, gratiae f. hora, horae f. ianua, ianuae f. industria, industriae f. infantia, infantiae f. iniuria, iniuriae f. insania, insaniae f. insidiae, insidiarum f. [plural only] insula, insulae f. intelligentia, intelligentiae f. invidia, invidiae f. ira, irae f. iustitia, iustitiae f. lacrima, lacrimae f. linea, lineae f. lingua, linguae f. littera, litterae f. + litterae, litterarum f. [plural] luna, lunae f. luxuria, luxuriae f. magistra, magistrae f. materia, materiae f. medica, medicae f. medicina, medicinae f. memoria, memoriae f. mensa, mensae f. meta, metae f. misericordia, misericordiae f. mora, morae f. musa, musae f. nata, natae f. natura, naturae f. omnipotentia, omnipotentiae f.


palma, palmae f. patientia, patientiae f. patria, patriae f. pecunia, pecuniae f. pestilentia, pestilentiae f. petra, petrae f. phantasia, phantasiae f. philosophia, philosophiae f. platea, plateae f. poena, poenae f. porta, portae f. potentia, potentiae f. prudentia, prudentiae f. puella, puellae f. pugna, pugnae f. regina, reginae f. rosa, rosae f. rota, rotae f. sagitta, sagittae f. sapientia, sapientiae f. satura, saturae f. schola, scholae f.

scientia, scientiae f. sententia, sententiae f. serva, servae f. silva, silvae f. statua, statuae f. stella, stellae f. stultitia, stultitiae f. summa, summae f. synagoga, synagogae f. tabella, tabellae f. temperantia, temperantiae f. terra, terrae f. theologia, theologiae f. toga, togae f. tragoedia, tragoediae f. turba, turbae f. umbra, umbrae f. venia, veniae f. via, viae f. victoria, victoriae f. villa, villae f. vita, vitae f.

6.2 Masculine -a- Stems

agricola, agricolae m. hypocrita, hypocritae m.

nauta, nautae m. poeta, poetae m.


7. -o- Stems 7.1 -o- (not -ro-) Stem with Nominative Singular in -s

amicus, amici m. angelus, angeli m. angulus, anguli m. animus, animi m. annus, anni m. calculus, calculi m. capillus, capilli m. cervus, cervi m. circulus, circuli m. deus, dei m. diabolus, diaboli m. digitus, digiti m. dominus, domini m. elephantus, elephanti m. equus, equi m. filius, filii m. fugitivus, fugitivi m. geminus, gemini m. gladius, gladii m. hortus, horti m. inimicus, inimici m. iocus, ioci m. lectus, lecti m. legatus, legati m. libellus, libelli m.

locus, loci m. ludus, ludi m. lupus, lupi m. maritus, mariti m. medicus, medici m. modus, modi m. nasus, nasi m. notarius, notarii m. nuntius, nuntii m. oculus, oculi m. paedagogus, paedagogi m. paganus, pagani m. patronus, patroni m. philosophus, philosophi m. populus, populi m. sacculus, sacculi m. servus, servi m. socius, socii m. somnus, somni m. titulus, tituli m. triangulus, trianguli m. tumulus, tumuli m. tyrannus, tyranni m. ventus, venti m. vicinus, vicini m.

humus, humi f. vulgus, vulgi n.

7.2 -ro- Stem with Nominative Singular in -s

murus, muri m. numerus, numeri m.

quadrus, quadri m. umerus, umeri m.

7.3 -ro- Stem with Nominative Singular in -r

ager, agri (agro-) m. liber, libri (libro-) m. liberi, liberorum m. [plural only]

magister, magistri (magistro-) m. puer, pueri (puero-) m. vir, virī (viro-) m.


7.4 -o- Stem with Nominative Singular in -m aedificium, aedificii n. argentum, argenti n. argumentum, argumenti n. arma, armorum n. (plural only) astrum, astri n. aurum, auri n. auxilium, auxilii n. basium, basii n. bellum, belli n. beneficium, beneficii n. caelum, caeli n. collum, colli n. concilium, concilii n. consilium, consilii n. cubiculum, cubiculi n. decretum, decreti n. detrimentum, detrimenti n. dimidium, dimidii n. donum, doni n. dubium, dubii n. elementum, elementi n. exemplum, exempli n. exitium, exitii n. exsilium, exsilii n. factum, facti n. fatum, fati n. ferrum, ferri n. forum, fori n. gaudium, gaudii n. impedimentum, impedimenti n. imperium, imperii n. ingenium, ingenii n. initium, initii n. iudicium, iudicii n. labrum, labri n. lucrum, lucri n. malum, mali n. mandatum, mandati n. matrimonium, matrimonii n. monstrum, monstri n.

monumentum, monumenti n. munimentum, munimenti n. nihilum, nihili n. odium, odii n. opprobrium, opprobrii n. osculum, osculi n. ostium, ostii n. otium, otii n. perfugium, perfugii n. periculum, periculi n. pomum, pomi n. praeceptum, praecepti n. praemium, praemii n. praesidium, praesidii n. pretium, pretii n. principium, principii n. proelium, proelii n. punctum, puncti n. regnum, regni n. remedium, remedii n. rostrum, rostri n. sabbatum, sabbati n. sacerdotium, sacerdotii n. sacrificium, sacrificii n. saxum, saxi n. sepulchrum, sepulchri n. signum, signi n. silentium, silentii n. solacium, solacii n. spectaculum, spectaculi n. speculum, speculi n. stadium, stadii n. studium, studii n. supplicium, supplicii n. tectum, tecti n. templum, templi n. verbum, verbi n. vinculum, vinculi n. vinum, vini n. vitium, vitii n.


8. -i- Stems 8.1 Masculine/Feminine Taking -s in Nom. Sing. (Parasyllabic)

auris, auris (auri-) f. civis, civis (civi-) m./f. clavis, clavis (clavi-) f. finis, finis (fini-) m. hostis, hostis (hosti-) m. mensis, mensis (mensi-) m.

navis, navis (navi-) f. orbis, orbis (orbi-) m. pestis, pestis (pesti-) f. piscis, piscis (pisci-) m. turris, turris (turri-) f. tussis, tussis (tussi-) f.

8.2 Masculine/Feminine Losing -i- in Nom. Sing. (Imparasyllabic)

ars, artis (arti-) f. arx, arcis (arci-) f. dens, dentis (denti-) m. dōs, dōtis (dōti-) f. frons, frontis (fronti-) f. gens, gentis (genti-) f. mens, mentis (menti-) f.

mons, montis (monti-) m. nox, noctis (nocti-) f. pars, partis (parti-) f. plēbs, plēbis (plēbi-) f. pons, pontis (ponti-) m. urbs, urbis (urbi-) f.

8.3 Neuter with -e- in Nominative Singular (Parasyllabic)

mare, maris (mari-) n. moenia, moenium (moeni-) n. [pl. only]

sedile, sedilis (sedili) n.

8.4 Neuter Losing -i- in Nom. Sing. (Imparasyllabic)

animal, animalis (animali-) n. exemplar, exemplaris (exeplari-) n.

8.5 Plural Nominative Used for the Singular (Parasyllabic)

nubes, nubis (nubi-) f. sedes, sedis (sedi-) f.

8.6 With Two Stems

vis, vis f. (sing.: vi-; pl.: viri-)

9. -bri- and -tri- Stems imber, imbris (imbri-) m. linter, lintris (lintri-) f.

uter, utris (utri-) m. venter, ventris (ventri-) m.


Consonant Stems Stems Ending in a Stop

10. -d- and -t- Stems (Dental Stems) 10.1 Stems Ending in Neuter Suffix -mat-

aenigma, aenimatis (aenigmat-) n. anathema, anathematis (-themat-) n. aroma, aromatis (aromat-) n. baptisma, baptismatis (baptismat-) n. dogma, dogmatis (dogmat-) n. drama, dramatis (dramat-) n. idioma, idiomatis (idiomat-) n. phantasma, phantasmata (-tasmat-) n.

poema, poematis (poemat-) n. problema, problematis (problemat-) n. schema, schematis (schemat-) n. schisma, schismatis (schismat-) n. sophisma, sophismatis (sophismat-) n. stigma, stigmatis (stigmat-) n. thema, thematis (themat-) n.

10.2 Other Neuter Dentals

caput, capitis (capit-) n. cor, cordis (cord-, cordi-) n.

10.3 Masculine/Feminine with Nominative Singular in -s 10.31 Stems Ending in Feminine Suffix -tat-

aequitas, aequitatis (aequitat-) f. aestas, aestatis (aestat-) f. aetas, aetatis (aetat-) f. auctoritas, auctoritatis (auctoritat-) f. brevitas, brevitatis (brevitat-) f. calamitas, calamitatis (calamitat-) f. caritas, caritatis (caritat-) f. celeritas, celeritatis (celeritat-) f. civitas, civitatis (civitat-) f. cupiditas, cupiditatis (cupiditat-) f. dignitas, dignitatis (dignitat-) f. facultas, facultatis (facultat-) f. frugalitas, frugalitatis (frugalitat-) f. gravitas, gravitatis (gravitat-) f. humanitas, humanitatis (humanitat-) f. humilitas, humilitatis (humilitat-) f. iucunditas, iucunditatis (iucunditat-) f.

liberalitas, liberalitatis (liberalitat-) f. libertas, libertatis (libertat-) f. longinquitas, longinquitatis (-quitat-) f. magnanimitas, magnanimitatis (-tat-) f. paupertas, paupertatis (paupertat-) f. potestas, potestatis (potestat-) f. probitas, probitatis (probitat-) f. quantitas, quantitatis (quantitat-) f. sanitas, sanitatis (sanitat-) f. severitas, severitatis (severitat-) f. temeritas, temeritatis (temeritat-) f. tempestas, tempestatis (tempestat-) f. timiditas, timiditatis (timiditat-) f. utilitas, utilitatis (utilitat-) f. veritas, veritatis (veritat-) f. voluntas, voluntatis (voluntat-) f. voluptas, voluptatis (voluptat-) f.

10.32 Other Dental Stems without Vowel Change

custos, custodis (custod-) m./f. heres, heredis (hered-) m./f. interpres, interpretis (interpret-) m./f. laus, laudis (laud-) f. lapis, lapidis (lapid-) m. merces, mercedis (merced-) f. nepos, nepotis (nepot-) m. parens, parentis (parent-) m./f.

paries, parietis (pariet-) m. pes, pedis (ped-) m. quies, quietis (quiet-) f. sacerdos, sacerdotis (sacerdot-) m. salus, salutis (salut-) f. senectus, senectutis (senectut-) f. servitus, servitutis (servitut-) f. virtus, virtutis (virtut-) f.

10.33 Other Dental Stems with Vowel Change

eques, equitis (equit-) m. hospes, hospitis (-pit-) m miles, militis (milit-) m.


11. -c- and -g- Stems (Velar Stems)

11.1 Without Vowel Change

crux, crucis (cruc-) f. dux, ducis (duc-) m./f. grex, gregis (greg-) m. lex, legis (leg-) f. lux, lucis (luc-) f.

pax, pacis (pac-) f. prex, precis (prec-) f. radix, radicis (radic-) f. rex, regis (reg-) m. vox, vocis (voc-) f.

11.2 With Vowel Change

artifex, artificis(artific-) m./f. codex, codicis (codic-) m.

iudex, iudicis (iudic-) m./f.

12. -p- and -b- Stems (Labial Stems)

12.1 Without Vowel Change ops, opis (op-) f. + opes, opum (plural)

12.2 With Vowel Change

caelebs, caelibis (caelib-) m./f. forceps, forcipis (forcip-) f./m. municeps, municipis (municip-) m./ f.

particeps, participis (particip-) m. princeps, principis (princip-) m.

Stems Ending in a Continuant

13. -l- Stems No -s Ending in Nominative Singular

consul consulis (consul-) m. exsul, exsulis (exsul-) m./f. sol, solis (sol-) m.

fel, fellis (fell-) n. mel, mellis (mell-) n.


14. -r- Stems No -s Ending in Nominative Singular

14.1 Original -r- Stems

14.11 Stems Ending in Masculine Suffix -tor- (Without Vowel Change)

auctor, auctoris (auctor-) m. auditor, auditoris (auditor-) m. creator, creatoris (creator-) m. dictator, dictatoris (dictator-) m. imperator, imperatoris (imperator-) m inventor, inventoris (inventor-) m. lector, lectoris (lector-) m. liberator, liberatoris (liberator-) m.

orator, oratoris (orator-) m. piscator, piscatoris (piscator-) m. sator, satoris (sator-) m. scriptor, scriptoris (scriptor-) m. seductor, seductoris (seductor-) m. senator, senatoris (senator-) m. tonsor, tonsoris (tonsor-) m. victor, victoris (victor-) m.

14.12 Other -r- Stems Ending in -or- (Without Vowel Change)

amor, amoris (amor-) m. color, coloris (color-) m. decor, decoris (decor-) m. error, erroris (error-) m. furor, furoris (furor-) m. labor, laboris (labor-) m. maiores, maiorum (maior-) m. (plural)

pudor, pudoris (pudor-) m. rumor, rumoris (rumor-) m. sopor, soporis (sopor-) m. soror, sororis (soror-) f. timor, timoris (timor-) m. uxor, uxoris (uxor-) f. vigor, vigoris (vigor-) m.

14.13 Stems Ending in -er- (Without Vowel Change)

aër, aëris (aër-) m. cadaver, cadaveris (cadaver-) n. mulier, mulieris (mulier-) f. passer, passeris (passer-) m. pauper, pauperis (pauper-) m./f.

tuber, tuberis (tuber-) n. uber, uberis (uber-) n. verbera, verberum (verber-) n. [plural] vesper, vesperis (vesper-; vespero-) m.

14.14 Stems Ending in -ur- (Without Vowel Change)

femur, femoris (femor-) n. guttur, gutturis (guttur-) n.

vultur, vulturis (vultur-) m.

14.15 Stems Ending in -tr- (With Anaptyctic Vowel)

frāter, frātris (frātr-) mater, matris (matr-) f.

pater, patris (patr-) m.

14.16 Using Two -r- Stems

iter, itineris (itiner-; N.S.: iter-) n.

14.2 Original -s- Stem arbor, arboris (arbos- → arbor-) f honor, honoris (honos- → honor-) m.


15. -s- Stems

15.1 With Rhotacism 15.11 Masculine/Feminine Without Vowel Change

flos, floris (flos-) m. mos, moris (mos-) m.

mus, muris (mus-) m./f. pubes, puberis (pubes-) m.

15.12 Masculine/Feminine With Vowel Change

cinis, cineris (cines-) m.

15.13 Neuter Without Vowel Change

aes, aeris (aes-) n. ius, iuris (ius-) n.

os, oris (os-) n. rus, ruris (rus-) n.

15.13 Neuter With Vowel Change

corpus, corporis (corpos-) n. genus, generis (genes-) n. latus, lateris (lates-) n. litus, litoris (litos-) n. onus, oneris (ones-) n. opus, operis (opes-) n.

pectus, pectoris (pectos-) n. scelus, sceleris (sceles-) n. sidus, sideris (sides-) n. tempus, temporis (tempos-) n. vulnus, vulneris (vulnes-) n.

15.2 Without Rhotacism

os, ossis (oss-) n. vas, vasis (vas-) n.

Stems Ending in a Semi-Vowel 16. -v- or Consonantal -u- Stems

[These are all the -v- stems.] bos, bovis (bov-; bob-) m./f. grus, gruis (gru(v)-) f.

nix, nivis (niv-) f. sus, suis (su(v)-) m./f.

Stems Ending in a Nasal 17. -m- Stem

[There is only one -m- stem] hiems, hiemis (hiem-) f.


18. -n- Stems

18.1 Neuter: Nom. Sing. Retains Stem Ending with Vowel Change carmen, carminis (carmin-) n. flumen, fluminis (flumin-) n.

limen, liminis (limin-) n. nomen, nominis (nomin-) n.

18.2 Nom. Sing. Loses Stem Ending

18.21 Feminine Suffix -tudin- → -tudo latitudo, latitudinis (latitudin-) f. longitudo, longitudinis (longitudin-) f. magnitudo, magnitudinis (-nitudin-) f multitudo, multitudinis (multitudin-) f.

pulchritudo, pulchritudinis (-tudin-) f. solitudo, solitudinis (solitudin-) f. vicissitudo, vicissitudinis (-tudin-) f.

18.22 Other -in- Ending → -o cupido, cupidinis (cupidin-) f. homo, hominis (homin-) m. imago, imaginis (imagin-) f.

ordo, ordinis (ordin-) m. virgo, virginis (virgin-) f.

18.23 Feminine Suffix -tion- → -tio adulatio, adulationis (adulation-) f. ambitio, ambitionis (ambition-) f. cogitatio, cogitationis (cogitation-) f. delectatio, delectationis (delectation-) f. disputatio, disputationis (disputation-) f. excusatio, excusationis (excusation-) f. festinatio, festinationis (festination-) f. interrogatio, interrogationis (-tion-) f. investigatio, investigationis (-tion-) f. monitio, monitionis (monition-) f.

mutatio, mutationis (mutation-) f. natio, nationis (nation-) f. navigatio, navigationis (navigation-) f. oratio, orationis (oration-) f. ratio, rationis (ration-) f. repetitio, repetitionis (repetition-) f. sanctificatio, sanctificationis (-tion-) f. simulatio, simulationis (simulation-) f. temptatio, temptationis (temptation-) f.

18.24 Feminine Suffix -sion- → -sio

occasio, occasionis (occasion-) f. remissio, remissionis (remission-) f.

visio, visionis (vision-) f.

18.25 Other -on- → -o

legio, legionis (legion-) f. leo, leonis (leon-) m.

opinio, opinionis (opinion-) f. sermo, sermonis (sermon-) m.

18.26 With Nom. Sing. in -s

sanguis, sanguinis (sanguin-) m.

18.27 Principal Stem Ends in -n-, Another in -c senex, senis (sen-; nm. sng: senec-) m.

18.3 With Nom. Sing. in -is [Easily confused with -i- Stems]

canis, canis (can-) m./f. iuvenis, iuvenis (iuven-) m./f.

panis, panis (pan-) m.


19. -u- Stems

19.1 Masculine -u- Stems actus, actūs m. adventus, adventūs m. apparatus, apparatūs m. arcus, arcūs m. casus, casūs m. cursus, cursūs m. effectus, effectūs m. affectus, affectūs m. defectus, defectūs m. eventus, eventūs m. exercitus, exercitūs m. fluctus, fluctūs m. fructus, fructūs m. gradus, gradūs m.

intellectus, intellectūs m. metus, metūs m. motus, motūs m. ornatus, ornatūs m. partus, partūs m. portus, portūs m. senatus, senatūs m. sensus, sensūs m. spiritus, spiritūs m. transitus, transitūs m. tumultus, tumultūs m. versus, versūs m. vultus, vultūs m.

19.2 Feminine -u- Stems

domus, domūs (domu-; domo-) f. manus, manūs f.

tribus, tribūs f.

19.3 Neuter -u- Stems

cornū, cornūs n.

genū, genūs n.

20. -e- Stems acies, aciei f. dies, diei f./m. facies, faciei f. fides, fidei f.

res, rei f. species, speciei f. spes, spei f. superficies, superficiei f.


21. Nouns with Two Stem Endings

21.1 cor, cordis (cord-, cordi-) n.

cor cordis cordi cor cord-e cord-a cordi-um

cordibus cord-a cordibus

21.2 domus, domūs (domu-; domo-) f. Most commonly used form listed first.

domus domūs, domī domuī, domō domum domō, domū domī, domuī (loc)

domūs domuum, domōrum

domibus domōs, domūs domibus

21.3 iter, itineris (itiner-; N.S.: iter-) n.

iter itineris itinerī iter itinere itinera itinerum

itineribus itinera itineribus

21.4 laus, laudis (laud-, laudi-) f.

laus laudis laudi laudem laude laudes laudum, laudium laudibus laudes laudibus

21.5 nix, nivis (niv-; N.S.: nig-) f.

nix nivis nivi nivem nive nives nivium

nivibus nives nivibus

21.6 senex, senis (sen-; N.S.: senec-) m. senex senis senī senem sene senes

senum senibus senes senibus

21.7 vesper, vesperis (vesper-; vespero-) m. vesper

vesperis

vesperī

vesperum vespere, vesperi

21.8 vis, vis (sing.: vi-; pl.: viri-) f. vis vis vī vim vi vires virium viribus vires viribus


22. Ambiguous Stems

22.1 -r-, -s-, and -ss- Stems aër, aëris (aër-) aes, aeris (aes-) os, oris (os-) os, ossis (oss-)

22.2 -n- Stems with -is in Nominative Singular

[Easily confused with -i- Stems]

canis, canis (can-) iuvenis, iuvenis (iuven-) panis, panis (pan-)

22.3 -ll- Stems

fel, fellis (fell-) mel, mellis (mell-)

22.4 Masculine/Feminine Imparasyllabics & One Syllable Consonant Stems

ars, artis (arti-) f. arx, arcis (arci-) f. dens, dentis (denti-) m. dōs, dotis (doti-) f. frons, frontis (fronti-) f. gens, gentis (genti-) f. mens, mentis (menti-) f. mons, montis (monti-) m. nox, noctis (nocti-) f. pars, partis (parti-) f. plebs, plebis (plebi-) f. pons, pontis (ponti-) m. urbs, urbis (urbi-) f.

bos, bovis (bov-; bob-) m./f. crux, crucis (cruc-) f. dux, ducis (duc-) m./f. flos, floris (flos-) m. grex, gregis (greg-) m. grus, gruis (gru(v)-) f. laus, laudis (laud-) f. lex, legis (leg-) f. lux, lucis (luc-) f. mos, moris (mos-) m. mus, muris (mus-) m./f. nix, nivis (niv-) f. ops, opis (op-) f. pax, pacis (pac-) f. pes, pedis (ped-) m. prex, precis (prec-) f. rex, regis (reg-) m. sol, solis (sol-) m. sus, suis (su(v)-) m./f. vox, vocis (voc-) f.

22.5 Neuter Imparisyllabics & Neuter -l- or -r- Stems

animal, animalis (animali-) n. exemplar, exemplaris (exemplari-) n

cadaver, cadaveris (cadaver-) n. fel, fellis (fell-) n. femur, femuris (femur-) n. guttur, gutturis (guttur-) n. mel, mellis (mell-) n. tuber, tuberis (tuber-) n. uber, uberis (uber-) n.


Nomina Adiectiva

23. -a- and -o- Stem Adjectives absconditus, abscondita, absconditum acerbus, acerba, acerbum adultus, adulta, adultum adversus, adversa, adversum aequus, aequa, aequum aeternus, aeterna, aeternum aliēnus, aliēna, aliēnum altus, alta, altum angustus, angusta, angustum antīquus, antīqua, antīquum aptus, apta, aptum aureus, aurea, aureum avārus, avāra, avārum beātus, beāta, beātum bonus, bona, bonum caecus, caeca, caecum candidus, candida, candidum cārus, cāra, cārum cēterī, cēterae, cētera [plural] clārus, clāra, clārum curvus, curva, curvum decimus, decima, decimum dignus, digna, dignum [takes ablative] dīvīnus, dīvīna, dīvīnum doctus, docta, doctum domesticus, domestica, domesticum dominicus, dominica, dominicum duo, duae, duo [dual] dūrus, dūra, dūrum exquīsītus, exquīsīta, exquīsītum extrēmus, extrēma, extrēmum falsus, falsa, falsum fīrmus, fīrma, fīrmum fortūnātus, fortūnāta, fortūnātum geminus, gemina, geminum grātus, grāta, grātum hūmānus, hūmāna, hūmānum idōneus, idōnea, idōneum immōtus, immōta, immōtum

īnfīrmus, īnfīrma, īnfīrmum iniūstus, iniūsta, iniūstum īrātus, īrāta, īrātum iūcundus, iūcunda, iūcundum iūstus, iūsta, iūstum laetus, laeta, laetum longus, longa, longum magnus, magna, magnum malus, mala, malum medius, media, medium merus, mera, merum mīrus, mīra, mīrum mortuus, mortua, mortuum novus, nova, novum parvus, parva, parvum paucī, paucae, pauca [plural] perfectus, perfecta, perfectum perpetuus, perpetua, perpetuum plēnus, plēna, plēnum [w/ abl. or gen.] pristinus, pristina, pristinum pudīcus, pudīca, pudīcum pūrus, pūra, pūrum quārtus, quārta, quārtum rēctus, rēcta, rēctum rīdiculus, rīdicula, rīdiculum salvus, salva, salvum sānus, sāna, sānum secundus, secunda, secundum stultus, stulta, stultum summus, summa, summum superbus, superba, superbum superus, supera, superum suprēmus, suprēma, suprēmum ultimus, ultima, ultimum urbānus, urbāna, urbānum vērus, vēra, vērum vitiōsus, vitiōsa, vitiōsum vīvus, vīva, vīvum


24. -ra- and -ro- Stem Adjectives asper, aspera, asperum dexter, dextra, dextrum līber, lībera, līberum miser, misera, miserum

niger, nigra, nigrum pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum sinister, sinistra, sinistrum

25. Nine adjectives or adjective pronouns with genitive in -ius.1

ullus, ulla, ullum (ullius) nullus, nulla, nullum (nullius) unus, una, unum (unius) solus, sola, solum (solius)

neuter, neutra, neutrum (neutrius) alter, altera, alterum (alterius) uter, utra, utrum (utrius) totus, tota, totum (totius) alius, alia, aliud (alterius—from alter)

26. -i- Stems Adjectives

26.1 Of Three Endings (Several -bri-, -cri-, -tri- Stems + celer) ācer, ācris, ācre celer, celeris, celere

salūber, salūbris, salūbre

26.2 Of Two Endings

brevis, breve caelestis, caeleste cīvīlis, cīvīle commūnis, commūne crūdēlis, crūdēle difficilis, difficile dissimilis, dissimile dulcis, dulce facilis, facile

fidēlis, fidēle fortis, forte gracilis, gracile gravis, grave humilis, humile immortālis, immortāle īnfōrmis, īnfōrme levis, leve līberālis, līberāle

mediocris, mediocre mīrābilis, mīrābile mortālis, mortāle omnis, omne suāvis, suāve sublīmis, sublīme trīstis, trīste turpis, turpe ūtilis, ūtile

26.3 Of One Ending absēns, absentis adulēscēns, adulēscentis audāx, audācis dīligēns, dīligentis

ēloquēns, ēloquentis fēlīx, fēlīcis ferōx, ferōcis

ingēns, ingentis pār, paris sapiēns, sapientis

27. Consonant Stem Adjectives

inferior, inferius (inferior-; inferios-) prior, prius (prior-; prios-)

superior, superius (superior-; superios-) vetus, veteris (vetes-)2

1 Note that three of these have stems in -ro. One has the -e- in its stem. 2 No distinct neuter singular, but neuter plural nom./acc. vetera. Usually abl. sing. vetere.


28. Adiectiva Numeralia

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 28 29 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 99

100 101 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

1000 2000 5000

ūnus, ūna, ūnum duo, duae, duo [dual] trēs, tria [plural] quattuor quīnque sex septem octō [dual] novem decem ūndecim duodecim tredecim quattuordecim quīndecim sēdecim septendecim duodēvīgintī ūndēvīgintī vīgintī vīgintī ūnus or ūnus et vīgintī duodētrīgintā ūndētrīgintā trīgintā quadrāgintā quīnquāgintā sexāgintā septuāgintā octōgintā nōnāgintā ūndēcentum centum centum ūnus or centum et ūnusducentī trecentī quadringentī quīngentī sēscentī septingentī octingentī nōngentī mīlle duo mīllia quīnque mīllia

prīmus, prīma, prīmum secundus, secunda, secundum tertius, tertia, tertium quārtus, quārta, quārtum quīntus, quīnta, quīntum sextus, sexta, sextum septimus, septima, septimum octāvus, octāva, octāvum nōnus, nōna, nōnum decimus, decima, decimum ūndecimus, ūndecima, ūndecimum duodecimus, duodecima, duodecimum tertius decimus, etc. quārtus decimus quīntus decimus sextus decimus septimus decimus duodēvīcēsimus ūndēvīcēsimus vīcēsimus vīcēsimus prīmus duodētrīcēsimus ūndētrīcēsimus trīcēsimus quadrāgēsimus quīnquāgēsimus sexāgēsimus septuāgēsimus octōgēsimus nōnāgēsimus ūndēcentēsimus centēsimus centēsimus prīmus ducentēsimus trecentēsimus quādringentēsimus quīngentēsimus sēscentēsimus septingentēsimus octingentēsimus nōngentēsimus mīllēsimus bis mīllēsimus quīnquāgiēns mīllēsimus


29. Pronomina et Adiectiva Pronominalia

29.1 Simple ego, meī nōs, nostri ——, suī, sibi, sē, sē

tu, tui vos, vestri

meus, mea, meum noster, nostra, nostrum suus, sua, suum

tuus, tua, tuum vester, vestra, vestrum

hic, haec, hoc ille, illa, illud iste ista, istud

īdem, eadem, idem ipse, ipsa, ipsum is, ea, id quis, quid [indefinite pronoun]

alius, alia, aliud alter, altera, alterum nihil (indeclinable)

ūllus, ūlla, ūllum uter, utra, utrum

qualis, quale quantus, quanta, quantum

tālis, tāle tantus, tanta, tantum

quī, quae, quod [relative, inter. adj.]

quis, quid [interrogative pronoun]

29.2 Compound aliquī, aliqua, aliquod aliquis, aliquid (gen. alicuius, dat. alicui) [←alius quis] nēmō, (nullius), nēminī (dat.), nēminem (acc.) [←nullus homo] neuter, neutra, neutrum [←ne uter] nōnnūllus, nōnnūlla, nōnnūllum nūllus, nūlla, nūllum [←non ullus] quīdam, quaedam, quiddam (pron.) quīdam, quaedam, quoddam (adj.) quīlibet, quaelibet, quodlibet quisque, quidque quisquis, quidquid


VERBA

30. Defective Verbs ait, aiunt coepī, coepisse, coeptum decet, decere, decuit [imper.] inquam, inquit

licet, licēre licuit impers. + dat. & inf. ōdī, ōdisse, ōsūrus oportet, oportēre, oportuit [imper.]

PRIMITIVE VERBS 31. Root Verbs (Athematic Primitive Verbs)

dō, dare, dedī, datum [condō, condere, condidī, conditum]∗ [crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum]∗

[reddō, reddere, redidī, reditum]∗ [subdō, subdere, subdidī, subditum]∗ [vendō, vendere, vendidī, venditum]∗

edo, ēsse, ēdi, ēsum

eō, īre, iī (īvī), itum abeō, abīre, abiī, abitum adeō, adīre, adiī, aditum circumeō, circumīre, -cumīvī, -cuitum (circueō, circuīre, circuī) exeō, exīre, exiī (exīvī), exitum

ineō, inīre, iniī (inīvī), initum obeō, obīre, obiī (obīvī), obitum pereō, perīre, periī, peritum redeō, redīre, rediī (redīvī), reditum trānseō, transīre, transiī (-īvī), -itum

ferō, ferre, tulī, (t)lātum adferō, adferre attulī, allātum auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātum cōnferō, cōnferre, cōntulī, collātum efferō, efferre, extulī, ēlātum īnferō, īnferre, intulī, illātum

offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātum perferō, perferre, pertulī, perlātum praeferō, praeferre, praetulī, -lātum prōferō, prōferre, prōtulī, prōlātum referō, referre, retulī, relātum transferō, transferre, transtulī, -lātum

fiō, fierī, factus sum, ———

sum, esse, fuī, (futūrum) absum, abesse, āfuī, (aftutūrus) adsum, adesse, adfuī, (adfutūrus)

possum, posse, potuī, ——— praesum, praeesse, praefuī, ——— supersum, superesse, superfuī, ——

volō, velle, voluī, ——— mālō, mālle, māluī, ——— nōlō, nōlle, nōluī, ———

∗ These compounds are derived from do, dare with its ‘other’ sense, ‘put’. They are also listed as -ĕ- stems.


32. -ĕ- Stems (Thematic Primitive Verbs) According to Formation of Progressive Stem, Perfect Formant in Bold

An -ĕ- Stem Semi-Deponent, -ĕ- Stem Deponents

32.1 No Progressive Stem Formant agō, agere, ēgī, āctum cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum exigō, exigere, exēgī, exāctum alō, alere, aluī, alītum bibō, bibere, bibī, ——— cadō, cadere, cecidī, casum occidō, occidere, occidī, occāsum canō, canere, cecinī, cantum carpō, carpere, carpsī, carptum cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessum accēdo, accēdere, accessī, -cessum concēdō, concēdere, -cessī, -cessum discēdō, discēdere, -cessī, -cessum claudō, claudere, clausī, clausum condō, condere, condidī, -ditum (dare) crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (dare) currō, currere, cucurrī, cursum dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, -fēnsum dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum ēdūcō, ēdūcere, ēdūxī, ēdūctum redūcō, redūcere, redūxī, reductum fluō, fluere, flūxī, flūxum gerō, gerere, gessī, gestum iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctum coniungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctum legō, legere, lēgī, lēctum colligō, colligere, collēgī, collēctum dīligō, dīligere, dīlēxī, dīlēctum eligō, eligere, elēgī, elēctum intellegō, intellegere, -tellēxī, -lēctum neglegō, neglegere, neglēxī, -lēctum metuō, metuere, metuī, ——— minuō, minuere, minuī, minūtum mittō, mittere, mīsī, missum admittō, admittere, admīsī, -missum āmittō, āmittere, āmīsī, āmissum committō, -mittere, -misī, -missum dēmittō, dēmittere, dēmīsī, -missum prōmittō, prōmittere, -mīsī, -missum

nūbō, nūbere, nūpsī, nūptum occidō, occidere, -cīdī, -cīsum (caedō) parcō, parcere, pepercī, + dat. petō, petere, petīvī, petītum competō, -petere, -petīvī, -petītum pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positum antepōnō, -pōnere, -posuī,- positum compōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positum prehendō, -hendere, -hendī, -hēnsum apprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsum comprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsum reprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsum premō, premere, pressī, pressum opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressum quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītum acquīrō, -quīrere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītum requīrō, requīrere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītum reddō, reddere, redidī, reditum (dare) regō, regere, rēxī, rēctum corrigō, corrigere, corrēxī, corrēctum surgō (surrigō), -gere, -rēxī,-rēctum scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptum statuo, statuere, statui, statūtum constituo, -ere, -stitui, -stitūtum sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptum cōnsūmō, -ere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptum tendō, tendere, tetendī, tentum (-sum) contendō, -ere, contendī, contentum ostendō, -tendere, ostendī, ostensum trahō, trahere, trāxī, tractum vendō, -ere, vendidī, venditum (dare) vertō, vertere, vertī, versum āvertō, āvertere, āvertī, āversum convertō, -ere, convertī, conversum vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum


32.2 Reduplication gīgnō, gīgnere, genuī, genitus sistō, sistere, -stitī, status cōnsistō, cōnsistere, cōnstitī,

32.3 -n-, -l- Suffix cernō, cernere, crēvī, crētum dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētum contemnō, -ere, contempsī, -temptum pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsum expellō, expellere, expulī, expulsum

sinō, sinere, sīvī, situm dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsīvī, dēsitum tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātum

32.4 -n- Infix

contundō, -tundere, contudī, -tūssum corrumpō, -rumpere, corrūpī, -ruptum relinquō, relinquere, relīquī, relictum

tangō, tangere, tetigī, tāctum contingō, contingere, contigī, -tactum vincō, vincere, vīcī, victum

32.5 -sc- Suffix

cōnsuēscō, -cere, cōnsuēvī, -suētum crēscō, crēscere, crēvī, crētum discō, discere, didicī, ——— [īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātus sum, ———] [nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum, ———]

nōscō, nōscere, nōvī, nōtum cognōscō, -cere, cognōvī, cognitum ignōscō, ignōscere, ignōvī, ignōtum recognōscō, -cere, -cognōvī, -nitum [proficīscor, proficīscī, profectus sum] requiēscō, -cere, requiēvī, requiētum

32.6 An -ĕ- Stem Semi-Deponent cōnfidō, cōnfidere, cōnfisus sum

32.7 -ĕ- Stem Deponents fruor, fruī, frūctus sum + abl. perfruor, perfruī, perfrūctus sum +abl. īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātus sum loquor, loquī, locūtus sum nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum

queror, querī, quaestus sum proficīscor, proficīscī, profectus sum sequor, sequī, secūtus sum consequor, consequī, -secūtus sum ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum + abl.


33. Assimilated -ĕ- Stems

33.1 Nine Assimilated -ĕ- Stems with Compounds

aspiciō, aspicere, aspexī, aspectum capiō, capere, cēpī, captum accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum excipiō, excipere, excēpī, exceptum incipiō, incipere, incēpī, inceptum percipiō, -cipere, percēpī, perceptum recipiō, recipere, recēpī, receptum suscipiō, -cipere, suscēpī, susceptum cupiō, cupere, cupīvī, cupītum faciō, facere, fēcī, factum adficiō, adficere, adfecī, adfectum dēficiō, dēficere, dēfēcī, dēfectum efficiō, efficere, effēcī, effectum

interficiō, -ficere, interfēcī, interfectum patefaciō, -facere, patefēcī, -factum perficiō, perficere, perfēcī, perfectum fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitum iaciō, iacere, iēcī, iactum ēiiciō, ēiiciere, ēiiēcī, ēiiectum pariō, parere, peperī, partum rapiō, rapere, rapuī, raptum ēripiō, ēripere, ēripuī, ēreptum sapiō, sapere, sapuī

33.2 Assimilated -ĕ- Stem Deponents gradior, gradī, gressus sum ēgredior, ēgredī, ēgressus sum

morior, morī, mortuus sum patior, patī, passus sum


Denominative Verbs

34. -ā- Stems According to Formation of Perfect Stem: Reduplication, Ablaut -v- & -u- Suffix,

-a- Stem Deponents

34.1 Reduplication

stō, stāre, stētī, statum cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, (cōnstātūrus) praestō, praestāre, praestitī, praestitum

34.2 Ablaut iuvō, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtum adiuvō, adiuvāre, adiūvī, adiūtum

lavo, lavāre, lāvī, lavātum

34.3 -v- Suffix

accommodō, -dāre, -comodāvī,-dātum accūso, -āre, accūsāvī, accūsātum ambulō, -āre, ambulāvī, ambulātum amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum appellō, -lāre, appellāvī, appellātum appropinquō, -āre, -quāvī, -quātum arō, arāre, arāvī, arātum cantō, cantāre, cantāvī, cantātum captō, captāre, captāvī, captātum cogitō, cogitāre, cogitāvī, cogitātum commemorō, -āre, -memorāvī, -rātum congregō, -āre, congregāvī, -gregātum conturbō, -āre, conturbāvī, -turbātum corrōborō, -āre, corrōborāvī, -borātum creō, creāre, creāvī, creātum recreō, recreāre, recreāvī, recreātum culpō, culpāre, culpāvī, culpātum cūrō, cūrāre, cūrāvī, cūrātum damnō, damnāre, damnāvī, damnātum dēdicō, dēdicāre, dēdicāvī, dēdicātum dēlectō, -lectāre, dēlectāvī, dēlectātum dēmōnstrō, -āre, dēmōnstrāvī, -strātum dēportō, -tāre, dēportāvī, dēportātum dēsīderō, -āre, dēsīderāvī, -sīderātum

dictō, dictāre, dictāvī, dictātum dubitō, dubitāre, dubitāvī, dubitātum dūrō, dūrāre, dūrāvī, dūrātum obdūrō, -āre, obdūrāvī, obdūrātum ēducō, ēducāre, ēducāvī, ēducatum ēmendō, -dāre, ēmendāvī, ēmendātum ēnumerō, -rāre, ēnumerāvī, -rātum errō, errāre, errāvī, errātum explicō, explicāre, explicāvī, explicātum expectō, -tāre, expectāvī, expectātum fatigō, fatigāre, fatigāvī, fatigātum formō, formāre, formāvī, formātum fugō, fugāre, fugāvī, fugātum gustō, gustāre, gustāvī, gustātum illacrimō, -āre, illacrimāvī, illacrimātum investigō, -gāre, -vestigāvī, -vestigātum iūdicō, iūdicāre, iūdicāvī, iūdicātum labōrō, labōrāre, labōrāvī, labōrātum laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum līberō, līberāre, līberāvī, līberātum dēlīberō, -rāre, dēlīberāvī, -līberātum


libō, libāre, libāvī, libātum ligō, ligāre, ligāvī, ligātum locō, locāre, locāvī, locātum collocō, -cāre, collocāvī, collocātum mūtō, mūtāre, mūtāvī, mūtātum narrō, narrāre, narrāvī, narrātum nāvigō, nāvigāre, nāvigāvī, nāvigātum necō, necāre, necāvī (necuī), necātum negō, negāre, negāvī, negātum nūntiō, nūntiāre, nūntiāvī, nūntiātum prōnuntiō, -āre, -nuntiāvī, -nuntiātum oblectō, -tāre, oblectāvī, oblectātum oppugnō, -āre, oppugnāvī, -pugnātum optō, optāre, optāvī, optātum adoptō, -optāre, adoptāvī adoptātum ōrnō, ōrnāre, ōrnāvī, ōrnātum ōrō, ōrāre, ōrāvī, ōrātum parō, parāre, parāvī, parātum comparō, -āre, comparāvī, -parātum imperō, imperāre, imperāvī, imperātum peccō, peccāre, peccāvī, peccātum pernoctō, -āre, pernoctāvī, -noctātum probō, probāre, probāvī, probātum approbō, -āre, approbāvī, -probātum improbō, -āre, improbāvī, -probātum

putō, putāre, putāvī, putātum disputō, -āre, disputāvī, disputātum recitō, recitāre, recitāvī, recitātum recūsō, recūsāre, recūsāvī, recūsātum rogō, rogāre, rogāvī, rogātum salvo, salvāre, salvāvī, salvātum sānō, sānāre, sānāvī, sānātum satiō, satiāre, satiāvī, satiātum serēnō, serēnāre, serēnāvī, serēnātum servō, servāre, servāvī, servātum cōnservō, -āre, -servāvī, -servātum spectō, spectāre, spectāvī, spectātum spērō, spērāre, spērāvī, spērātum dēspērō, -āre, dēspērāvī, -spērātum superō, superāre, superāvī, superātum tolerō, tolerāre, tolerāvī, tolerātum trāctō, trāctāre, trāctāvī, trāctātum vītō, vītāre, vītāvī, vītātum invītō, invītāre, invītāvī, invītātum vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātum āvocō, āvocāre, āvocāvī, āvocātum convocō, -cāre, convocāvī, -vocātum

34.4 -u- Suffix (Loss of -ā-)

cubō, cubāre, cubuī, cubitum domō, domāre, domuī, domitum

secō, secāre, secuī, sectum sonō, sonāre, sonuī, sonitum

34.5 -a- Stem Deponents arbitror, arbitrārī, arbitrātus sum cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum for, fārī, fātus sum hortor, hortārī, hortātus sum meditor, meditārī, meditātus sum

mīror, mīrārī, mīrātus sum admīror, admīrārī, admīrātus sum opīnor, opīnārī, opīnātus sum peregrīnor, -grīnārī, perigrīnātus sum rūsticor, rūsticārī, rūsticātus sum


35. -ē- Stems According to Formation of Perfect Stem: Reduplication, Ablaut, -s- & -v- Suffix,

-ē- Stem Semi-Deponents, -ē- Stem Deponents

35.1 No Perfect

salveō, ēre, ———, ———

35.2 Reduplication respondeō, respondēre, respondī (respopondī), respōnsum

35.3 Ablaut

35.4 -s- Suffix iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussum maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsum remaneō, -ēre, remānsī, remānsum

persuādeō, -ēre, persuāsī, persuāsum rideō, ridēre, rīsī, rīsum subrideō, subridēre, subrīsī, -rīsum

35.5 -v- Suffix

dēleō, dēlēre, dēlēvī, dēlētum expleō, explēre, explēvī, explētum

35.6 -u- Suffix (Loss of -ē- )

careō, carēre, caruī, (caritūrus) + abl. dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum doleō, dolēre, doluī, (dolitūrus) egeō, egēre, eguī + abl. or gen. habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum prohibeō, -hibēre, prohibuī, -hibitum iaceō, iacēre, iacuī misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mixtum moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum noceō, nocēre, nocuī, nocitum

pāreō, pārēre, pāruī + dat. pateō, patēre, patuī, ——— placeō, placēre, placuī, placitum + dat. praebeō, praebēre, praebuī, praebitum taceō, tacēre, tacuī, tacitum teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum contineō, -tinēre, continuī, contentum obtineō, obtinēre, obtinuī, obtentum pertineō, pertinēre, pertinuī, ——— timeō, timēre, timuī, ——— valeō, valēre, valuī, (valitūrum)

35.7 -ē- Stem Semi-Deponents

audeō, audēre, ausus sum gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsus sum

soleō, solēre, solitus sum

35.8 -ē- Stem Deponents fateor, fatērī, fassus sum cōnfiteor, cōnfitērī, confessus sum

vereor, verērī, veritus sum

caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum foveō, fovēre, fōvī, fōtum moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtum

sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessum videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum


36. -ī- Stems According to Formation of Perfect Stem: Reduplication, Ablaut, -s-, -v-, & -u- Suffix

-ī- Stem Deponents

36.1 Reduplication reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertum

36.2 Ablaut veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum adveniō, advenīre, advēnī, adventum ēveniō, ēvenīre, ēvēnī, ēventum inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventum

36.3 -s- Suffix sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsum

36.4 -v- Suffix audiō, audīre,audīvī, audītum dormiō, dormīre, dormīvī, dormītum molliō, mollīre, mollīvī, mollītum sciō, scīre, scīvī, scītum nesciō, nescīre, nescīvī, nescītum serviō, servīre, servīvī, servītum

36.5 -u- Suffix (Loss of -ī-) aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertum

36.6 -ī- Stem Deponents experior, experīrī, expertus sum mōlior, mōlīrī, mōlītus sum orior, orīrī, ortus sum


ADVERBIA

37. Taking Common Adverb Formation

ācriter aliter bis breviter celeriter cras cūr deinde ergō fēlīciter fortiter graviter libenter mox

nē (nē...quidem) -ne nōn nōndum nōnne num nunc sapienter semel semper tunc unde vix

38. Nouns or Pronouns Used as Adverbs

38.1 Accusatives anteā (←ante eă) etiam iam iterum numquam posteā (←post eă) quam quamvīs

quemadmodum quidem quīn quondam quot tam tamen (tam + en)

tamquam (tam + quam) tandem (tam + dem) tantum tot tum umquam utrum

38.2 Original -i- Stem Accusatives

fūrtim ōlim statim

38.3 Ablatives cōtīdiē dēhinc forīs herī

hodiē ita itaque magnopere

modo quā quandō quōmodo


39. Adjectives Used as Adverbs

39.1 Accusatives magis (←magius) multum nimis, nimium nūper (novum-per) palam (←planam)

parum (←parvum) postrēmum prīmum prius

quam prīmum saepe satis (←satius) sōlum

39.2 Ablatives and Locatives

cito diū facile fortasse (forte an) frūstrā hīc

hinc ibi prīmō quoque repente sīc

sīcut (←sīc ut) subitō ubi ūsque (←ubisque) vērō

39.3 -o- Stems With Irregular -e- Ending

bene certē ferē (from fīrmus)

līberē longē

male pulchrē

40. Contracted Sentences

forsan, fōrsitan (←fōrs sit an) scīlicet (←scīre licet) vidēlicet (←vidēre licet)

Alphabetical Latin Word List

13

triangulus, trianguli m. tribus, tribūs f. trīstis, trīste tuber, tuberis (tuber-) n. tum tumultus, tumultūs m. tumulus, tumuli m. tunc turba, turbae f. turpis, turpe turris, turris (turri-) f. tussis, tussis (tussi-) f. tuus, tua, tuum tyrannus, tyranni m. uber, uberis (uber-) n. ubi ūllus, ūlla, ūllum (ullius) ultimus, ultima, ultimum ultrā (prep., acc. only) umbra, umbrae f. umerus, umeri (umero-) m. umquam unde ūndecim (indecl.) ūndēvīgintī (indecl.) ūnus, ūna, ūnum (unius) urbānus, urbāna, urbānum urbs, urbis (urbi-) f. ūsque [ubisque] ut uter, utra, utrum (utrius) (utro/a-) uter, utris (utri-) m. ūtilis, ūtile utilitas, utilitātis f. ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum utrum uxor, uxōris (uxor-) f. vae valeō, valēre, valuī, (valitūrum) [val-] vas, vasis (vas-) n. vel vendō, vendere, vendidī, -ditum [venum + dare] venia, veniae f. veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum [ven-] venter, ventris (ventri-) m. ventus, venti m. verbera, verberum (verber-) n. (plural)

verbum, verbi n. vereor, verērī, veritus sum [ver-] veritas, veritātis (veritat-) f. vērō versus, versūs m. vertō, vertere, vertī, versum [vert-] vērus, vēra, vērum vesper, vesperis (vesper-; vespero-) m. vester, vestra, vestrum (vestro/a-) vetus, veteris (vetes-) m./f./n. via, viae f. vicīnus, vicīni m. vicissitūdo, vicissitūdinis (vicissitudin-) f. victor, victōris (victor-) m. victoria, victoriae f. videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum [vid-] vīgintī (indecl.) vigor, vigōris (vigor-) m. villa, villae f. vincō, vincere, vīcī, victum [vic

1-]

vinculum, vinculi n. vinum, vini n. vir, virī (viro-) m. virgo, virginis (virgin-) f. virtus, virtūtis (virtut-) f. vis, vis (sing: vi-; pl: viri-) f. visio, visiōnis (vision-) f. vita, vitae f. vitiōsus, vitiōsa, vitiōsum vitium, vitii n. vītō, vītāre, vītāvī, vītātum [vic

2-]

vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum [viv-] vīvus, vīva, vīvum vix vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātum [voc-] volō, velle, voluī, —— [vel-, vol-] voluntas, voluntatis (voluntat-) f. voluptas, voluptatis (voluptat-) f. vox, vocis (voc-) f. vulgus, vulgi n. vulnus, vulneris (vulnes-) n. vultur, vulturis (vultur-) m. vultus, vultūs m.


12

sinister, sinistra, sinistrum (sinistri-) sinō, sinere, sīvī, situm [si-] sistō, sistere, -stitī, statum [sto] socius, socii m. sol, solis (sol-) m. solacium, solacii n. soleō, solēre, solitus sum [sol-] solitūdo, solitūdinis (solitudin-) f. sōlum sōlus, sōla, sōlum (solius) somnus, somni m. sophisma, sophismatis (sophismat-) n. sopor, sopōris (sopor-) m. soror, sorōris (soror-) f. speciēs, speciēi f. spectaculum, spectaculi n. spectō, -āre, -āvī, spectātum [specio] speculum, speculi n. spērō, -āre, spērāvī, spērātum [spes] spes, spei f. spiritus, spiritūs m. stadium, stadii n. statim statua, statuae f. stella, stellae f. stigma, stigmatis (stigmat-) n. stō, stāre, stētī, statum [st-] studium, studii n. stultitia, stultitiae f. stultus, stulta, stultum suāvis, suāve sub (prep., abl. only) subitō sublīmis, sublīme subrideō, -ēre, subrīsī, subrīsum [rideo] ——, suī, sibi, sē, sē sum, esse, fuī, [futūrum] [es-/s-] summa, summae f. sūmō, -ere, sūmpsī, sūmptum [sum-] summus, summa, summum super (prep., abl. and acc.) superbus, superba, superbum superficiēs, superficiēi f. superior, superius superō, -āre, -āvī, superātum [super] supersum, -esse, -fuī, —— [sum] superus, supera, superum supplicium, supplicii n. suprā (prep., acc. only) suprēmus, suprēma, suprēmum

surgō (surrigō), -ere, surrēxī, -rēctum [rego] sus, suis (su(v)-) m./f. suscipiō, -ere, suscēpī, -ceptum [capio] suus, sua, suum synagōga, synagōgae f. tabella, tabellae f. taceō, tacēre, tacuī, tacitum [tac-] tālis, tāle tam tamen [tam + en] tamquam [tam + quam] tandem [tam + dem] tangō, tangere, tetigī, tāctum [tag-] tantum (adv.) tantus, tanta, tantum tectum, tecti n. temeritas, temeritātis (temeritat-) f. temperantia, temperantiae f. tempestas, tempestātis (tempestat-) f. templum, templi n. temptatio, temptatiōnis (temptation-) f. tempus, temporis (tempos-) n. tendō, tendere, tetendī, tentum/tensum [ta-] teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum [ta-] terra, terrae f. tertius, tertia, tertium thema, themātis (themat-) n. theologia, theologiae f. timeō, timēre, timuī, —— [tem-] timiditas, timiditātis (timiditat-) f. timor, timōris (timor-) m. titulus, tituli m. toga, togae f. tolerō, -āre, tolerāvī, tolerātum [tal-] tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātum [tal-] tonsor, tonsōris (tonsor-) m. tot tōtus, tōta, tōtum (totius) trāctō, -āre, trāctāvī, trāctātum [traho] tragoedia, tragoediae f. trahō, trahere, trāxī, tractum [trag-] trāns (prep., acc. only) trānseō, -īre, transiī (-īvī), -situm [eo] transferō, -ferre, transtulī, -lātum [fero] transitus, transitūs m. tredecim (indecl.) tres, tria


11

relinquō, -ere, relīquī, relictum [liqu-] remaneō, -ēre, -mānsī, -mānsum [maneo] remedium, remedii n. remissio, remissiōnis (remission-) f. repente reperiō, -īre, repperī, repertum [pario] repetitio, repetitiōnis (repetition-) f. reprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsum [hed-] requiēscō, -quiēscere, -quiēvī, -quiētum [quiet-] requīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -ītum [quaero] res, rei f. respondeō, -ēre, -spondī, -sum [spond-] rex, regis (reg-) m. rideō, ridēre, rīsī, rīsum rīdiculus, rīdicula, rīdiculum rogō, rogāre, rogāvī, rogātum [rog-] rosa, rosae f. rostrum, rostri n. rota, rotae f. rumor, rumoris (rumor-) m. rus, ruris (rus-) n. rūsticor, rūsticārī, rūsticātus sum [rus] sabbatum, sabbati n. sacculus, sacculi m. sacerdos, sacerdōtis (sacerdot-) m. sacerdotium, sacerdotii n. sacrificium, sacrificii n. saepe sagitta, sagittae f. salūber, salūbris, salūbre (salubri-) salūs, salūtis f. salveō, ēre, ———, ——— salvo, -āre, salvāvī, salvātum [salv-] salvus, salva, salvum sanctificatio, sanctificatiōnis (-cation-) f. sanguis, sanguinis (sanguin-) m. sanitas, sanitātis (santitat-) f. sānō, sānāre, sānāvī, sānātum [san-] sānus, sāna, sānum sapientia, sapientiae f. sapienter sapiō, sapere, sapuī, ——— satiō, satiāre, satiāvī, satiātum [satis] satis [satius] sator, satoris (sator-) m. satura, saturae f.

saxum, saxi n. scelus, sceleris (sceles-) n. schema, schematis (schemat-) n. scīlicet [scīre + licet] schisma, schismatis (schismat-) n. schola, scholae f. scientia, scientiae f. sciō, scīre, scīvī, scītum [sec-

1]

scrībō, -ere, scrīpsī, scrīptum [scarp-] scriptor, scriptōris (scriptor-) m. secundus, secunda, secundum sed sēdecim (indecl.) sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessum [sed-] sedes, sedis (sedi-) f. sedile, sedilis (sedili-) n. seductor, seductoris (seductor-) m. semel semper senātor, senātōris (senator-) m. senātus, senātūs m. senectus, senectūtis (senectut-) f. senex, senis (nom: senec-; sen-) m. sensus, sensūs m. sententia, sententiae f. sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsum [sent-] sequor, sequī, secūtus sum [sec-

2]

septem (indecl.) septendecim (indecl.) septimus, septima, septimum sepulchrum, sepulchri n. serēnō, -āre, -āvī, serēnātum [serenus] sermo, sermōnis (sermon-) m. serva, servae f. serviō, servīre, servīvī, servītum [serv-] servitus, servitūtis (servitut-) f. servō, -āre, servāvī, servātum [serv-] servus, servi m. severitas, severitātis (severitat-) f. sex (indecl.) sextus, sexta, sextum sī (conj.) sīc sīcut [sīc + ut] sidus, sideris (sides-) n. signum, signi n. silentium, silentii n. silva, silvae f. simulatio, simulationis (simulation-) f. sine (prep., abl. only)


10

potestas, potestātis (potestat-) f. prae (prep., abl. only) praebeō, -ēre, praebuī, -itum [habeo] praeceptum, praecepti n. praeferō, -ferre, -tulī, praelātum [fero] praemium, praemii n. praesidium, praesidii n. praestō, -āre, praestitī, praestitum [sto] praesum, -esse, praefuī, —— [sum] praeter (prep., acc. only) premō, -ere, pressī, pressum [prem-] pretium, pretii n. prex, precis (prec-) f. prīmō (adv.) prīmum (adv.) prīmus, prīma, prīmum princeps, principis (princip-) m. principium, principii n. prior, prius pristinus, pristina, pristinum prius prō (abl. only) probitas, probitātis (probitat-) f. problema, problematis (problemat-) n. probō, -āre, probāvī, probātum [probus] proelium, proelii n. prōferō, prōferre, prōtulī, prōlātum [fero] proficīscor, proficīscī, profectus sum [facio] prohibeō, -ēre, -hibuī, -hibitum [habeo] prōmittō, -ere, prōmīsī, -missum [mitto] prōnuntiō, -āre, -āvī, -tiātum [nuntio] propter (acc. only) prudentia, prudentiae f. pubes, puberis (pubes-) m. pudīcus, pudīca, pudīcum pudor, pudōris (pudor-) m. puella, puellae f. puer, pueri (puero-) m. pugna, pugnae f. pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum (pulchro/a-) pulchrē pulchritudo, pulchritudinis (-tudin-) f. punctum, puncti n. pūrus, pūra, pūrum putō, putāre, putāvī, putātum [putus] quā quadrus, quadri m. quaerō, -ere, quaesīvī, quaesītum

[quaes-] quam quam prīmum quamvīs (adv., conj.) quandō quantitas, quantitātis (quantitat-) f. quantus, quanta, quantum quārtus, quārta, quārtum quasi quattuor (indecl.) quattuordecim (indecl.) -que (conj.) quemadmodum queror, querī, quaestus sum, —— [ques-] quī, quae, quod quīdam, quaedam, quiddam (pron.) quīdam, quaedam, quoddam (adj.) quidem quiēs, quiētis (quiet-) f. quīn quīndecim (indecl.) quīnque (indecl.) quīntus, quīnta, quīntum quis, quid quisque, quidque quisquis, quidquid quod quōmodo quondam quoniam quoque quot radix, radicis (radic-) f. rapiō, rapere, rapuī, raptum [rap-] ratio, rationis (ration-) f. recipiō, -ere, recēpī, receptum [capio] recitō, recitāre, recitāvī, recitātum [cieo] recognōscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nitum [nosco] recreō, -āre, recreāvī, recreātum [creo] rēctus, rēcta, rēctum recūsō, -āre, recūsāvī, -ātum [causa] reddō, reddere, redidī, reditum redeō, -īre, rediī (redīvī), reditum [eo] redūcō, -ere, redūxī, reductum [duco] referō, referre, retulī, relātum [fero] rēgīna, rēgīnae f. regnum, regni n. regō, regere, rēxī, rēctum [reg-]


9

opīnor, opīnārī, opīnātus sum [???] oportet, oportēre, oportuit (impers.) opprimō, -ere, -pressī, -pressum [premere] opprobrium, opprobrii n. oppugnō, -āre, -pugnāvī, -ātum [pugna] opus, operis (opes-) n. ops, opis (op-) f. + opes, opum (plural) optō, optāre, optāvī, optātum [ap-] oratio, orationis (oration-) f. orator, oratoris (orator-) m. orbis, orbis (orbi-) m. ordo, ordinis (ordin-) m. orior, orīrī, ortus sum [ol-] ornātus, ornātūs m. ōrnō, ōrnāre, ōrnāvī, ōrnātum [ordo] ōrō, ōrāre, ōrāvī, ōrātum [os] os, oris (os-) n. os, ossis (oss-) n. osculum, osculi n. ostium, ostii n. ostendō, -ere, ostendī, ostentum [tendo] otium, otii n. paedagōgus, paedagōgi m. pāgānus, pāgāni m. palam [planam] palma, palmae f. panis, panis (pan-) m. parcō, parcere, pepercī, + dat. [spar-] parens, parentis (parent-) m./f. pāreō, pārēre, pāruī + dat. [par-] paries, parietis (pariet-) m. pariō, parere, peperī, partum [par-] parō, parāre, parāvī, parātum [par-] pars, partis (parti-) f. particeps, participis (particip-) m. partus, partūs m. parum [parvum] parvus, parva, parvum passer, passeris (passer-) m. patefaciō, -facere, -fēcī, -factum [facio] pateō, patēre, patuī [pat-] pater, patris (patr-) m. patientia, patientiae f. patior, patī, passus sum [???] patria, patriae f. patrōnus, patrōni m. paucī, paucae, pauca (plural only)

pauper, pauperis (pauper-) m./f. paupertas, paupertātis (paupertat-) f. pax, pacis (pac-) f. peccō, -āre, peccāvī, peccātum [???] pectus, pectoris (pectos-) n. pecunia, pecuniae f. pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsum [pel-] per (prep., acc. only) percipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum [capio] pereō, perīre, periī, peritum [eo] peregrīnor, -ārī, -nātus sum [per + ager] perfectus, perfecta, perfectum perferō, perferre, pertulī, perlātum [fero] perficiō, -ficere, perfēcī, -fectum [facio] perfugium, perfugii n. periculum, periculi n. pernoctō, -āre, pernoctāvī, -tātum [nox] perpetuus, perpetua, perpetuum persuādeō, -ēre, persuāsī, -sum [suad-] pertineō, pertinēre, pertinuī, —— [teneo] pēs, pedis (ped-) m. pestilentia, pestilentiae f. pestis, pestis (pesti-) f. petō, petere, petīvī, petītum [pet-] petra, petrae f. phantasia, phantasiae f. phantasma, phantasmatis (-tasmat-) n. philosophia, philosophiae f. philosophus, philosophi m. piscātor, piscātōris (piscator-) m. piscis, piscis (pisci-) m. placeō, placēre, placuī, placitum [plac-] platea, plateae f. plebs, plebis (plebi-) f. plēnus, plēna, plēnum poema, poematis (poemat-) n. poena, poenae f. poeta, poetae m. pomum, pomi n. pōnō, -ere, posuī, positum [pro + sino] pons, pontis (ponti-) m. populus, populi m. porta, portae f. portus, portūs m. possum, posse, potuī, —— [sum] post (acc. only) posteā [post + eă] postquam postrēmum potentia, potentiae f.


8

molliō, mollīre, mollīvī, mollītum [mollis] moneō, -ēre, monuī, monitum [man-] monitio, monitiōnis (monition-) f. mons, montis (monti-) m. monstrum, monstri n. monumentum, monumenti n. mora, morae f. morior, morī, mortuus sum [mar-; cf. mors] mortālis, mortāle mortuus, mortua, mortuum mos, moris (mos-) m. motus, motūs m. moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtum [mov-] mox mulier, mulieris (mulier-) f. multitudo, multitudinis (multitudin-) f. multum municeps, municipis (municip-) m./f. munimentum, munimenti n. murus, muri m. mus, muris (mus-) m./f. musa, musae f. mutatio, mutationis (mutation-) f. mūtō, mūtāre, mūtāvī, mūtātum [mut-] nam narrō, -āre, narrāvī, narrātum [nosco] nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum, —— [(g)na- / gen-] nasus, nasi m. nata, natae f. natio, nationis (nation-) f. natura, naturae f. nauta, nautae m. navigatio, navigationis (navigation-) f. nāvigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum [navis + ago] navis, navis (navi-) f. nē, nē...quidem (adv.) nē (conj.) -ne [interrogative particle] necō, necāre, necāvī, necātum [nec-] neglegō, -ere, neglēxī, neglēctum [nec + lego] negō, negāre, negāvī, negātum [ag

2-]

nēmō, (nullius), nēminī d, nēminem ac nepos, nepotis (nepot-) m. neque, nec nesciō, -īre, nescīvī, nescītum [scio] neuter, neutra, neutrum (neutrius)

niger, nigra, nigrum (nigro/a-) nihil (indecl.) nihilum, nihili n. nimis, nimium nisi nix, nivis (niv-) f. noceō, nocēre, nocuī, nocitum [nec-] nōlō, nōlle, nōluī [volo] nomen, nominis (nomin-) n. nōn nōnus, nōna, nōnum nōndum nōnne nōnnūllus, nōnnūlla, nōnnūllum nōs, nostri nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtum [(g)na- / gno-] noster, nostra, nostrum notarius, notarii m. novem (indecl.) novus, nova, novum nox, noctis (nocti-) f. nubes, nubis (nubi-) f. nūbō, nūbere, nūpsī, nūptum [nub-] nūllus, nūlla, nūllum (nullius) num numquam numerus, numeri m. nunc nūntiō, -āre, nūntiāvī, -ātum [nuntius] nuntius, nuntii m. nūper [novum + per] Ō obdūrō, -āre, obdūrāvī, -dūrātum [durus] obeō, obīre, obiī (obīvī), obitum [eo] oblectō, -āre, -lectāvī, -lectātum [lac-] occasio, occasiōnis (occasion-) f. occidō [←cādō], occidere, -cidī, -cāsum occīdō [←caedō], -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsum octāvus, octāva, octāvum octō (indecl. dual) oculus, oculi m. ōdī, ōdisse, ōsūrus (def. verb) odium, odii n. offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātum [fero] ōlim omnipotentia, omnipotentiae f. omnis, omne onus, oneris (ones-) n. opinio, opinionis (opinion-) f.


7

lapis, lapidis (lapid-) m. latitudo, latitudinis (latitudin-) f. latus, lateris (lates-) n. laudō, -āre, laudāvī, laudātum [laus] laus, laudis (laud-; laudi-) f. lector, lectoris (lector-) m. lectus, lecti m. legatus, legati m. legio, legionis (legion-) f. legō, legere, lēgī, lēctum [leg-] leo, leonis (leon-) m. levis, leve lex, legis (leg-) f. libellus, libelli m. libenter līber, lībera, līberum (libero/a-) liber, libri (libro-) m. līberālis, līberāle liberalitas, liberalitātis (liberalitat-) f. liberātor, liberatōris (liberator-) m. līberē liberi, liberōrum (libero-) m. (plural only) līberō, -āre, līberāvī, līberātum [liber] libertas, libertatis (libertat-) f. libō, libāre, libāvī, libātum [liqu-] licet, licēre, licuit (impers.) + dat. & inf. ligō, ligāre, ligāvī, ligātum [lig-] limen, liminis (limin-) n. linea, lineae f. lingua, linguae f. linter, lintris (lintri-) f. litus, litoris (litos-) n. littera, litterae f. litterae, litterārum (plural) f. locō, locāre, locāvī, locātum [locus] locus, loci m. (n. pl. loca and loci) longē longinquitas, longinquitātis (-tat-) f. longitudo, longitudinis (longitudin-) f. longus, longa, longum loquor, loquī, locūtus sum [loqu-] lucrum, lucri n. ludus, ludi m. luna, lunae f. lupus, lupi m. lux, lucis (luc-) f. luxuria, luxuriae f. magis [magius] magister, magistri (magistro-) m.

magistra, magistrae f. magnanimitas, magnanimitātis (-tat-) f. magnitudo, magnitudinis (magnitudin-) f. magnopere magnus, magna, magnum māiōres, māiōrum m. (plural) male mālō, mālle, māluī, —— [volo] malum, mali n. malus, mala, malum mandatum, mandati n. maneō, -ēre, mānsī, mānsum [man-] manus, manūs f. mare, maris (mari-) n. maritus, mariti m. mater, matris (matr-) f. materia, materiae f. matrimonium, matrimonii n. medica, medicae f. medicīna, medicīnae f. medicus, medici m. mediocris, mediocre meditor, -ārī, meditātus sum [modus] medius, media, medium mel, mellis (mell-) n. memoria, memoriae f. mens, mentis (menti-) f. mensa, mensae f. mensis, mensis (mensi-) m. merces, mercedis (merced-) f. merus, mera, merum meta, metae f. metuō, metuere, metuī, —— [metus] metus, metūs m. meus, mea, meum miles, militis (milit-) m. mīlle [indeclinable singular adjective] mīllia, mīllium [plural adjective] minuō, minuere, minuī, minūtum [min-] mīrābilis, mīrābile mīror, mīrārī, mīrātus sum, —— [mir-] mīrus, mīra, mīrum misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mixtum [mic-] miser, misera, miserum (misero/a-) misericordia, misericordiae f. mittō, mittere, mīsī, missum [mit-] modo modus, modi m. moenia, moenium n. (plural) mōlior, mōlīrī, mōlītus sum, —— [moles]


6

heu hic, haec, hoc hīc (adv,) hiems, hiemis f. hinc hodiē homo, hominis (homin-) m. honor, honoris (honos- → honor-) m. hora, horae f. hortor, hortārī, hortātus sum [hort-] hortus, horti m. hospes, hospitis (hospit-) m. hostis, hostis (hosti-) m. hui humanitas, humanitatis (humanitat-) f. hūmānus, hūmāna, hūmānum humilis, humile humilitas, humilitatis (humilitat-) f. humus, humi f. hypocrita, hypocritae m. iaceō, iacēre, iacuī [ia-] iaciō, iacere, iēcī, iactum [ia-] iam ianua, ianuae f. ibi īdem, eadem, idem idioma, idiomatis (idiomat-) n. idōneus, idōnea, idōneum igitur ignōscō, -ere, ignōvī, ignōtum [nosco] illacrimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum [lacrima] ille, illa, illud imāgō, imāginis (imagin-) f. imber, imbris (imbri-) m. immortālis, immortāle immōtus, immōta, immōtum impedimentum, impedimenti n. imperator, imperatoris (imperator-) m. imperium, imperii n. imperō, -āre, imperāvī, -ātum [paro] in (prep., acc. and abl.) incipiō, incipere, incēpī, inceptum [capio] industria, industriae f. ineō, inīre, iniī (inīvī), initum [eo] infantia, infantiae f. īnferō, īnferre, intulī, illātum [fero] īnfīrmus, īnfīrma, īnfīrmum īnfōrmis, īnfōrme ingenium, ingenii n.

inimicus, inimici m. initium, initii n. iniuria, iniuriae f. iniūstus, iniūsta, iniūstum inquam, inquit (def. verb) insania, insaniae f. insidiae, insidiarum f. (plural only) insula, insulae f. intellectus, intellectūs m. intellegō, -ere, -tellēxī, intellēctum [lego] intelligentia, intelligentiae f. inter (prep., acc. only) interficiō, -ere, interfēcī, -fectum [facio] interpres, interpretis (interpret-) m./f. interrogatio, interrogationis (-rogation-) f. inveniō, -īre, invēnī, inventum [venio] inventor, inventoris (inventor-) m. investigatio, investigationis (-gation-) f. investigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum [vestigium] invidia, invidiae f. invītō, invītāre, invītāvī, invītātum [vito] iocus, ioci m. ipse, ipsa, ipsum ira, irae f. īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātus sum, —— [ira] īrātus, īrāta, īrātum is, ea, id iste ista, istud ita itaque iter, itineris (itiner-; iter-) n. iterum iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussum [iub-] iucunditas, iucunditātis (iucunditat-) f. iūcundus, iūcunda, iūcundum iudex, iudicis (iudic-) m./f iudicium, iudicii n. iūdicō, -āre, iūdicāvī, -ātum [ius + dic-] iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctum [iug-] ius, iuris (ius-) n. iustitia, iustitiae f. iūstus, iūsta, iūstum iuvenis, iuvenis (iuven-) m./f. iuvō, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtum labor, laboris (labor-) m. labōrō, -āre, labōrāvī, labōrātum [labor] labrum, labri n. lacrima, lacrimae f. laetus, laeta, laetum


5

exeō, exīre, exiī (exīvī), exitum [eo] exercitus, exercitūs m. exigō, exigere, exēgī, exāctum [ago] exitium, exitii n. expellō, -ere, expulī, expulsum [pello] experior, experīrī, expertus sum [pario] expleō, explēre, explēvī, explētum [ple-] explicō, -āre, -plicāvī, explicātum [plec-] expectō, -āre, expectāvī, -tātum [specto] exquīsītus, exquīsīta, exquīsītum exsilium, exsilii n. exsul, exsulis (exsul-) m./f. extrā (prep., acc. only) extrēmus, extrēma, extrēmum fabula, fabulae f. facies, faciei f. facile facilis, facile faciō, facere, fēcī, factum [fac-] factum, facti n. facultas, facultātis (facultat-) f. falsus, falsa, falsum fama, famae f. familia, familiae f. fateor, fatērī, fassus sum [for] fatigō, -āre, -āvī, fatigātum [fa- + ago] fatum, fati n. fel, fellis (fell-) n. fēlīciter femina, feminae f. femur, femoris (femor-) n. fenestra, fenestrae f. ferē [fīrmus] ferō, ferre, tulī, (t)lātum [fer-] ferrum, ferri n. festinatio, festinationis (festination-) f. fidēlis, fidēle fides, fidei f. filia, filiae f. filius, filii m. finis, finis (fini-) m. fiō, fierī, factus sum [fi-] fīrmus, fīrma, fīrmum flamma, flammae f. flos, floris (flos-) m. fluctus, fluctūs m. flumen, fluminis (flumin-) n. fluō, fluere, flūxī, flūxum [flu-] for, fārī, fātus sum [fa-]

forceps, forcipis (forcip-) f./m. forīs forma, formae f. formō, -āre, formāvī, formātum [forma] forsan, fōrsitan [fōrs + sit + an] fortasse [forte + an] fortis, forte fortiter fortuna, fortunae f. fortūnātus, fortūnāta, fortūnātum forum, fori n. foveō, fovēre, fōvī, fōtum [fov-] frons, frontis (fronti-) f. fructus, fructūs m. frugalitas, frugalitatis (frugalitat-) f. fruor, fruī, frūctus sum [fru-] frūstrā fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitum [fug-] fuga, fugae f. fugitivus, fugitivi m. fugō, fugāre, fugāvī, fugātum [fug-] furor, furoris (furor-) m. fūrtim gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsus sum [gau-] gaudium, gaudii n. geminus, gemina, geminum geminus, gemini m. gens, gentis (genti-) f. genū, genūs n. genus, generis (genes-) n. gerō, gerere, gessī, gestum [ges-] gīgnō, gīgnere, genuī, genitus [gen-] gladius, gladii m. gloria, gloriae f. gradus, gradūs m. grātus, grāta, grātum graviter gracilis, gracile gratia, gratiae f. gravis, grave gravitas, gravitatis (gravitat-) f. grex, gregis (greg-) m. grus, gruis (gru(v)-) gustō, -āre, gustāvī, gustātum [gust-] guttur, gutturis (guttur-) n. habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum [hab-] heres, heredis (hered-) m./f. herī


4

dēleō, dēlēre, dēlēvī, dēlētum [li-] dēlīberō, -āre, dēlīberāvī, -rātum [libra] dēmittō, -ere, dēmīsī, dēmissum [mitto] dēmōnstrō, -āre, -strāvī, -strātum [monstrum] dens, dentis (denti-) m. dēportō, -āre, dēportāvī, -tātum [porto] dēsīderō, -āre, dēsīderāvī, -ātum [sidus] dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsīvī, dēsitum [si-] detrimentum, detrimenti n. deus, dei m. dexter, dextra, dextrum diabolus, diaboli m. dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum [dic-] dictator, dictatoris (dictator-) m. dictō, dictāre, dictāvī, dictātum [dico] diēs, diēi f./m. difficilis, difficile digitus, digiti m. dignitas, dignitatis (dignitat-) f. dignus, digna, dignum (takes ablative) diligentia, diligentiae f. dīligō, dīligere, dīlēxī, dīlēctum [lego] dimidium, dimidii n. discēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum [cedo] discipula, discipulae f. discō, discere, didicī, —— [dico] disputatio, disputationis (disputation-) f. disputō, -āre, -putāvī, -putātum [puto] dissimilis, dissimile diū dīvīnus, dīvīna, dīvīnum divitiae, divitiarum f. (plural only) dō, dare, dedī, datum [d-] doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum doctrina, doctrinae f. doctus, docta, doctum dogma, dogmatis (dogmat-) n. doleō, dolēre, doluī, dolitūm [dal-] domesticus, domestica, domesticum domina, dominae f. dominicus, dominica, dominicum dominus, domini m. domus, domūs (domu-, domo-) f. donum, doni n. dormiō, -īre, dormīvī, dormītum [drem-] dōs, dōtis (dōti-) f. drama, dramatis (dramat-) n. dubitō, -āre, dubitāvī, -ātum [dubium] dubium, dubii n.

dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum [duc-] dulcis, dulce dum dummodo (takes subj.) duo, duae, duo duodecim (indecl.) duodēvīgintī (indecl.) dūrō, dūrāre, dūrāvī, dūrātum [durus] dūrus, dūra, dūrum dux, ducis (duc-) m./f. ecce ecclesia, ecclesiae f. ēducō, -āre, ēducāvī, ēducatum [duc-] ēdūcō, ēdūcere, ēdūxī, ēdūctum [duco] effectus, effectūs m. efferō, efferre, extulī, ēlātum [fero] efficiō, efficere, effēcī, effectum [facio] egeō, egēre, eguī + abl. or gen. [eg-] ego, meī ēgredior, ēgredī, ēgressus sum [gradus] ēiciō, ēiciere, ēiēcī, ēiectum [iacio] elementum, elementi n. elephantus, elephanti m. eligō, eligere, elēgī, elēctum [lego] eloquentia, eloquentiae f. ēmendō, -āre, -āvī, -dātum [mendum] en enim ēnumerō, -āre, -āvī, -rātum [numerus] eō, īre, iī (īvī), itum [eo] epistola, epistolae f. eques, equitis (equit-) m. equus, equi m. ergā (acc. only) ergō ēripiō, ēripere, ēripuī, ēreptum [rapio] errō, errāre, errāvī, errātum [err-] error, errōris (error-) m. et (et...et...) etiam etsī (et + sī) ēveniō, ēvenīre, ēvēnī, ēventum [venio] eventus, eventūs m. ex, ē (abl. only) excellentia, excellentiae f. excipiō, -ere, excēpī, exceptum [capio] excusatio, excusationis (excusation-) f. exemplum, exempli n. exemplar, exemplaris (exemplari-) n.


3

cogitō, -āre, cogitāvī, cogitātum [ag2-]

cognōscō, -ere, cognōvī, -nitum [nosco] cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum [ago] colligō, -ligere, collēgī, collēctum [lego] collocō, -āre, -locāvī, -ātum [locus] collum, colli n. color, coloris (color-) m. commemorō, -rāre, -morāvī, -morātum [memor] committō, -ere, -misī, -missum [mitto] commūnis, commūne comparō, -āre, -parāvī, -parātum [par] competō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītum [peto] compōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum [pono] comprehendō, -dere, -hendī, -hēnsum [hed-] concēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum [cedo] concilium, concilii n. condō, condere, condidī, -ditum [dare] cōnferō, -ferre, cōntulī, collātum [fero] cōnfidō, cōnfidere, cōnfisus sum [fid-] cōnfiteor, cōnfitērī, confessus sum [for] congregō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum [grex] coniungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctum [iungo] cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum [con-] conscientia, conscientiae f. consequor, -sequī, -secūtus sum [sec-] cōnservō, -āre, -āvī, -servātum [servo] consilium, consilii n. cōnsistō, -sistere, cōnstitī, ——— [sto] cōnstō, -stāre, cōnstitī, (-stātūm) [sto] cōnsuēscō, -ere, -suēvī, -suētum [suus] consul, consulis (consul-) m. cōnsūmō, -ere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptum [sumo] contemnō, -ere, -tempsī, -temptum [tem-] contendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentum [tendo] contineō, -ēre, continuī, -tentum [teneo] contingō, -ere, contigī, -tactum [tango] contrā (acc. only) contundō, -ere, contudī, -tūssum [tud-] conturbō, -āre, -āvī, -turbātum [turba] convertō, -ere, convertī, -versum [verto] convocō, -āre, -vocāvī, -vocātum [voco] copia, copiae f. cor, cordis n. cornū, cornūs n. corona, coronae f. corpus, corporis (corpos-) n.

corrigō, -ere, corrēxī, corrēctum [rego] corrōborō, -āre, -borāvī, -rātum [robur] corrumpō, -ere, corrūpī, -ruptum [rup-] cōtīdiē cras creator, creatoris (creator-) m. creatura, creaturae f. crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum [dare] creō, creāre, creāvī, creātum [cer-] crēscō, crēscere, crēvī, crētum [cer-] crūdēlis, crūdēle crux, crucis (cruc-) f. cubiculum, cubiculi n. culpa, culpae f. culpō, culpāre, culpāvī, culpātum [culp-] cultūra, cultūrae f. cum (conj.) cum (prep., abl. only) cupiditas, cupiditātis (cupiditat-) f. cupido, cupidinis (cupidin-) f. cupiō, cupere, cupīvī, cupītum [cup-] cūr cura, curae f. cūrō, cūrāre, cūrāvī, cūrātum [cura] currō, currere, cucurrī, cursum [cel-; cf. celer] custos, custōdis (custod-) m./f. cursus, cursūs m. custodia, custodiae f. curvus, curva, curvum damnō, -āre, -āvī, damnātum [damnum] dē (prep., abl. only) dea, deae f. dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum [habeo] dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētum [cerno] decem (indecl.) decimus, decima, decimum decet, decere, decuit decimus, decima, decimum decor, decoris (decor-) m. decretum, decreti n. dēdicō, -āre, dēdicāvī, dēdicātum [dic-] defectus, defectūs m. dēfendō, -ere, -fendī, dēfēnsum [fend-] dēficiō, dēficere, dēfēcī, dēfectum [facio] dēhinc deinde delectatio, delectationis (delectation-) f. dēlectō, -āre, dēlectāvī, -ātum [lec-]


2

arbor (also arbos), arboris (arbos-) f. arcus, arcūs m. argentum, argenti n. argumentum, argumenti m. arma, armorum n. (plural only) arō, arāre, arāvī, arātum [ar-] aroma, aromatis (aromat-) n. ars, artis (arti-) f. artifex, artificis (artific-) m./f. arx, arcis (arci-) f. asper, aspera, asperum (aspero/a-) aspiciō, -ere, aspexī, aspectum [spec-] astrum, astri n. at atque auctor, auctoris (auctor-) m. auctoritas, auctoritatis (auctoritat-) f. audacia, audaciae f. audeō, audēre, ausus sum [au

1-]

audiō, audīre,audīvī, audītum [au2-]

auditor, auditoris (auditor-) m. auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātum [fero] aureus, aurea, aureum auris, auris (auri-) f. aurum, auri n. aut (aut...aut...) auxilium, auxilii n. avaritia, avaritiae f. avārus, avāra, avārum āvertō, āvertere, āvertī, āversum [verto] āvocō, -āre, āvocāvī, āvocātum [voco] baptisma, baptismatis (baptismat-) n. barba, barbae f. basium, basii n. beātus, beāta, beātum bellum, belli n. bene beneficium, beneficii n. benevolentia, benevolentiae f. bestia, bestiae f. bibō, bibere, bibī, —— [bi-] bis bonus, bona, bonum bos, bovis (bov-) m./f. brevis, breve brevitas, brevitatis (brevitat-) f. breviter cadaver, cadaveris (cadaver-) n.

cadō, cadere, cecidī, casum [cad-] caecus, caeca, caecum caelebs, caelibis (caelib-) m./f. caelestis, caeleste caelum, caeli n. [plurals: caeli, caelos] calamitas, calamitatis (calamitat-) f. calculus, calculi m. campana, campanae f. candidus, candida, candidum canis, canis (can-) m./f. canō, canere, cecinī, cantum [can-] cantō, cantāre, cantāvī, cantātum [cano] capillus, capilli m. capiō, capere, cēpī, captum [cap-] captō, -āre, captāvī, captātum [capio] caput, capitis (capit-) n. careō, -ēre, caruī, (caritūr + abl.) [cas-] caritas, caritatis (caritat-) f. carmen, carminis (carmin-) n. carpō, carpere, carpsī, carptum [carp-] cārus, cāra, cārum casa, casae f. casus, casūs m. catena, catenae f. causa, causae f. caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum [cav-] cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessum [cad-] celer, celeris, celere (celeri-) celeritas, celeritatis f. celeriter cena, cenae f. cernō, cernere, crēvī, crētum [cer-] certē cervus, cervi m. cēterī, cēterae, cētera (pl.) cinis, cineris (cines-) m. circulus, circuli m. circumeō, -īre, -īvī, circuitum (circueō, circuīre, circuī, circuitum) [eo] cito cīvīlis, cīvīle civis, civis (civi-) m./f. civitas, civitatis (civitat-) f. clārus, clāra, clārum claudō, -ere, clausī, clausum [clau-] clavis, clavis (clavi-) f. clementia, clementiae f. codex, codicis (codic-) m. coepī, coepisse, coeptum cogitatio, cogitationis (cogitation-) f.


ā, ab, abs (prep., abl. only) abeō, abīre, abiī, abitum [eo] absconditus, abscondita, absconditum absum, abesse, āfuī, [afutūrum] [sum] abundantia, abundantiae f. ac accēdo, -ere, accessī, accessum [cedo] accipiō, -ere, accēpī, acceptum [capio] accommodō,-dāre, -dāvī, -dātum [modus] accūso, -āre, accūsāvī, -ātum [causa] ācer, ācris, ācre (acri-) acerbus, acerba, acerbum acies, aciei f. acquīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītum [quaero] ācriter actus, actūs m. ad (prep., acc. only) adeō, adīre, adiī, aditum [eo] adferō, adferre attulī, allātum [fero] adficiō, -ficere, adfecī, adfectum [facio] adiuvō, adiuvāre, adiūvī, adiūtum [iuvo] admīror, -mīrārī, admīrātus sum [miror] admittō, -ere, admīsī, admissum [mitto] adoptō, -āre, adoptāvī adoptātum [opto] adsum, -esse, adfuī, [adfutūrum] [sum] adulatio, adulationis (adulation-) f. adulescens, adulescentis m./f. adulescentia, adulescentiae f. adultus, adulta, adultum adveniō, -īre, advēnī, adventum [venio] adventus, adventūs m. adversus (prep., acc. only) adversus, adversa, adversum aedificium, aedificii n. aenigma, aenimatis (aenigmat-) n. aequitas, aequitatis (aequitat-) f. aequus, aequa, aequum aër, aëris (aër-) m. aes, aeris (aes-) n. aestas, aestatis (aestat-) f. aetas, aetatis (aetat-) f. aeternus, aeterna, aeternum affectus, affectūs m. afficio, afficere see adficio

ager, agri (agro-) m. agō, agere, ēgī, āctum [ag

1-]

agricola, agricolae m. agricultura, agriculturae f. ait, aiunt (def. verb) aliēnus, aliēna, aliēnum aliquī, aliqua, aliquod aliquis, aliquid (gen. alicuius, dat. alicui) aliter alius, alia, aliud (alterius—from alter) alō, alere, aluī, alītum alter, altera, alterum (alterius) altus, alta, altum ambitio, ambitionis (ambition-) f. ambulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum [ambi + bul-] amica, amicae f. amicitia, amicitiae f. amicus, amici m. āmittō, āmittere, āmīsī, āmissum [mitto] amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum [am-] amor, amoris (amor-) m. an anathema, anathematis (anathemat-) n. ancilla, ancillae f. angelus, angeli m. angulus, anguli m. angustus, angusta, angustum anima, animae f. animal, animalis (animali-) n. animus, animi m. annus, anni m. ante (prep., acc. only) anteā [ante + eă] antepōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum [pono] antīquus, antīqua, antīquum apparātus, apparātūs m. appellō, -āre, -pellāvī, appellātum [pello] approbō, -āre, -probāvī, -bātum [probo] appropinquō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum [prope] apprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsum [hed-] aptus, apta, aptum apud (prep., acc. only) aqua, aquae f. ara, arae f. arbitror, arbitrārī, arbitrātus sum [arbiter]

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