MOROCCAN EXPERIENCE IN SITES SELECTION FOR MARINE … · 2014. 7. 14. · Training Workshop on Site...

MOROCCAN EXPERIENCE IN SITES SELECTION FOR MARINE AQUACULTURE

AZA Implementation

Case of Aquaculture Planning in maritime zone of F‘nideq – Oued Laou

Training Workshop on Site Selection, Allocated Zone for Aquaculture and Site management, CAQ/WGSC/SHoCMed, 4 – 7 February 2013, M’diq, MOROCCO.

Département de la Pêche Maritime

Ministère de l’Agriculture et des

Pêches Maritimes

Institut National de

Recherche Halieutique

Département de la Pêche Maritime Institut National de Recherche Halieutique

Étude pour l’aménagement et le développement des activités aquacoles de la zone maritime Fnideq – Oued

Introduction

Marine aquaculture started in Morocco the fifties. However, it still could not be able to progress. In the last years, it even greatly decreases.

So, sustainable development of aquaculture is highly required.

Many studies have been done aiming at evaluating national aquaculture potential, particularly the one made the FAO (TCP/Morocco/1997) There was a great necessity to elaborate a national new integrated strategy and locally integrated aquaculture planning for potential sites, identified as major development poles.

The case study presented here is one of many others that have been undertaken in Morocco, before the national strategy for fisheries developemnt “Halieutis Plan” was elaborated and adopted.



Sites Selection for aquaculture

Sites that have been subject for marine aquaculture planning : - Bay of Dakhla : Planning for shellfish aquaculture development (1999 –

2000). - Lagoon of Khnifiss : Planning for shellfish aquaculture development (2004 –

2006). - Coastal zone of F’nideq – Oued Laou : Planning for shellfish aquaculture development (2009 –

2010). - Lagoon of Oualidia : Planning for shellfish aquaculture reorganization

(restructuration). (2009 – 2010) - Lagoon of Nador : Planning for fish, shellfish and algae aquaculture

development (2009 – 2010).

- Lagoon de Khnifiss : Review of European law dealing with captured and cultured shellfish => Reduction of monitored chemical thresholds by half. This decision resulted in the sanitary declassification of this lagoon for shellfish culture.

- Lagoon of Nador : Planning faced a serious constraints of tourism projects.

- Coastal zone of F’nideq – Oued Laou : Planning adopted but exploitation still not started yet.



Sites Selection for aquaculture

In all these sites, the applied methodological approach is more and less quite similar to AZA procedure. It is particularly based on:

• Collection of administrative information through available documentary, field survey and interviews with users and actors in the concerned region to take into account their different interests and risk factors.

• Collection of environmental data, mainly of geophysical, oceanographic, biological and socio-economic aspects through filed study and also available referenced publications and reports.

• Selection of suitable and available sites using geo-referenced mapping and the superposition of the different layers of information and drafting of management plan that meets the established terms of reference.

• Impacts study of the proposed aquaculture activities on the local environment and proposal of an environmental monitoring program.

• Validation by steering committee and national or regional committee of Environmental Impacts Studies.

STUDY FOR PLANING AND DEVELOPMENT

OF AQUACULTYRE ACTIVTITIES

WITHIN MARINE COASTAL ZONE OF F'NIDEQ - OUED LAOU

Département de la Pêche Maritime

Ministère de l’Agriculture et des

Pêches Maritimes

Institut National de

Recherche Halieutique

Training Workshop on Site Selection, Allocated Zone for Aquaculture and Site management, CAQ/WGSC/SHoCMed, 4 – 7 February 2013, M’diq, MOROCCO.



On December the 28th, 2008 : DPM established with INRH an Agreement to undertake a study aiming at Aquaculture Planning and Development in the marine coastal zone located between F’nideq and ued Laou. This study aimed at elaborating a Master Plan for the Integration and Development of Aquaculture activities in this region on a participative and concerted way (e.g. AZA).

Introduction Context: During the 90s and 2000, the bay of M'diq was very sought by investors for marine aquaculture projects. The importance (in number) of these applications has generated great concerns about the use of marine space and potential conflicts that may occur. Aiming at finding a concerted solution, and due to the request of the profession of fisheries, the Fisheries Department (DPM) decided in 2008 to launch a study to elaborate a management plan for the marine coastal zone of F’nideq – Oued Laou in order to allow integrated aquaculture development, respecting the environment and the existing users.



Phase I : Diagnostic et état des lieux

According to the Terms of Reference, the objectives of this study are as follow :

enhance harmonious development of aquaculture activities taking into account the local

conditions and carrying capacity ;

establish an integrated planning of coastal zone and to allow joint management of

common resources for their preservation and sustainability ;

contribute to sustainable development of aquaculture through the implementation of a

concerted management of resources and space ;

emphasize the contribution of aquaculture to the regional economy.

The followed process was based on four phases as follows: :

Phase 1 : Diagnosis of current situation and inventory activities ; Phase 2 : Definition of biological and technical aspects ; Phase 3 : Impact study ; Phase 4 : Elaboration and finalization of synthetic report.

Obtained Results - Compilation of inventory of existing social and economic activities

- Development of a working plan in view to integrate the development aquaculture in this region.



Phase I : Diagnostic et état des lieux

OVERVIEW OF THE AREA

OF THIS STUDY

1- Geographical situation

2- Climate characteristics

3- Major development Orientations

4. Current situation of Aquaculture in the studied area



1- Geographical situation

The study area (F'nideq - Oued Laou) is

located on the western Mediterranean coast of Marocco

63 Km of coastline

The administrative framework of the

study area is provided by : - 3 Urban municipalities (F'nideq, M’diq and Martil) - 3 Rural communes (Azla, Zaouiat sidi kacem and Oued Laou)

OVERVIEW OF THE STUDIED AREA



2- climate Characteristic

Climate : Two different seasons : - rainy season, from October to April (7 months)

- dry season from May to September. (5 months)

Rainfall : average inter-annual rainfall of the study area is of 775 mm

(vary between 600 mm on the coasts and more than 1,800 mm on high reliefs).

Temperatures : The air temperatures are influenced by marine conditions, altitude and frequent

winds regime . The very hot period is July and August (28.3°C to 32.9°C) and the very cold period is January and February (5.3°C to 8.6°C).

Winds : The marine influence is caused by two predominant winds during the year :

- One originated from Atlantic (Gharbi) predominant from November to March and generate rainfall

- The other originated from Mediterranean (Chergui) predominant during spring and summer and generate since May, dry weather and fairly

stable windy conditions




3- Major Development Orientations

According to official documents and press releases, local authorities shows clearly great interest for developing this area, mainly for tourism purposes :

1st vocation : Tourism Developemnt

The studied area can be subdivided into 2 parts :

North Part : F’nideq - Azla Officially considered as a pole for Coastal

Tourism Development

South Part : Azla-Oued Laou Preference of rural and ecological Tourism Development, but in conjunction of both sea and mountain

2nd vocation : Fisheries and Agriculture Enhancement

Through consolidation and development of existing activities

Through development of new technologies with respect to economic, social and ecological environment.




4. Current Situation of Aquaculture in the study area :

The marine area extending from F'nideq to Oued Laou, particularly M'diq Bay, is the most requested area by private investors for aquaculture projects development purposes

It knows a great demands from private investors to create commercial aquaculture projects causing high pression and generate local space conflicts usage

The number of requested licenses for aquaculture projects, submitted to Fisheries Department was eight for M’diq Bay in 2007 and

But only two of them have been achieved




The 1st one is: AQUA M’DIQ : created since 1998, it employs floating cages for producing sea-bass, sea- bream and meagre

The 2nd one is: Mejilloneras Del Norte : created since 2006, it uses wooden rafts for mussels production.



OCEANOGRAPHIC AND

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY



Bathymetry :

Le The coastline is characterized by a fairly

steep slope. (The 100 m isobath is near the coast and does not exceed 2 nautical miles)

A relatively broad marine fishing area (500 m

isobath to approximately 25 to 30 miles)



Tides :

During the oceanographic study campaign (February 2009), the tidal range was of 1.10 and 0.15 meters

Tidal registration inSebta location from 09 to 26 February 2009

In the studied area, the tide is semidiurnal M2 (period 12.42 h) with an amplitude of about 0.30m



Currants :

The mean currents measured velocities vary between 0.09 m/s and 0.24 m/s

The currant is, in the bay of M'diq, variable and generally directed towards the North

Sea Waves :

The spectrum of waves presents, over an annual average, waves whose periods vary between 2 and 11s. Their significant heights are between 0.5 and 1m

These waves represent 94% of local dominant waves. Those of 1.5 and 2 m in heights represent only 5%.



Sediment nature :

The local littoral is characterized by different type of

substrate such as : (Sandy, sandy-shelly and sandy-muddy)

Presence of a rock platform off Oued Laou

(Southern Part)



Hydrological parameters :

The surveyed hydrological parameters, such as (T°C, S, O2 et SM), have allowed to identify three

main areas : - Bay of M’diq (F’nideq-Cabo Negro) - Bay of Martil (Cabo Negro-Oued Amssa) - Marine area situated between Oued Amssa and Oued Laou

T

C

S‰

O2

mg/l

SM

mg/l

0m 10m fond 0m 10m fond 0m 10m fond 0m 10m Fond

Zone1

Min

Max

MY

E-T

15.05

15.36

15.22

0.08

15.02

15.26

15.15

0.07

13.35

15.26

14.62

0.74

36.31

36.61

36.51

0.09

36.46

36.62

36.56

0.05

36.50

38.33

37.10

0.71

6.4

8.1

7.3

0.6

6.0

8.2

7.1

0.6

5.0

7.7

6.4

0.8

10.0

63.8

37.5

12.8

30.0

46.1

36.3

3.9

32.2

52.6

37.9

5.1

Zone2

Min

Max

MY

E-T

15.18

15.30

15.23

0.04

15.16

15.28

15.23

0.04

14.66

15.29

15.03

0.21

36.33

36.59

36.47

0.08

36.43

36.59

36.49

0.06

36.45

37.10

36.72

0.21

6.7

7.5

7.3

0.3

6.5

7.4

7.0

0.3

5.8

7.1

6.6

0.4

21.0

44.9

34.2

6.3

28.9

48.8

38.1

5.8

30.9

44.5

36.9

5.0

Zone3

Min

Max

MY

E-T

15.04

15.32

15.17

0.08

14.96

15.25

15.14

0.08

13.94

15.22

14.82

0.37

36.40

36.61

36.54

0.06

36.43

36.77

36.57

0.09

36.49

37.76

36.91

0.37

8.7

8.1

7.0

0.8

5.5

7.7

6.7

0.7

5.3

7.6

6.4

0.7

16.4

91.8

46.5

17.5

32.8

89.1

46.2

46.2

35.7

54.6

41.4

5.9

Zone1: Fnideq-Cabo Negro ; Zone2: Cabo Negro-Oued Amssa ; Zone3: Oued Amssa-Oued Laou.



The nutrients :

Statistical analyses of nutrients showed same zoning (Three same areas)

Zone1: Fnideq-Cabo Negro ; Zone2: Cabo Negro-Oued Amssa ; Zone3: Oued Amssa-Oued Laou.

NO3

(µg/l)

NH4

µg/l

PO4

µg/l

Chl-a

mg/m3

0m 10m fond 0m 10m fond 0m 10m fond 0m 10m Fond

Zone1 Min

Max

MY

SD

22.6

43.2

33.3

7.0

27.9

49.8

37.9

6.4

28.5

136.0

59.1

35.7

1.1

7.9

3.5

2.6

1.1

6.8

3.7

1.8

0.1

44.0

13.8

12.4

7.3

32.9

13.7

7.5

3.7

34.0

18.8

7.3

3.7

135.2

54.5

48.6

0.30

0.70

0.50

0.12

0.40

0.60

0.50

0.06

0.00

0.70

0.30

0.23

Zone2 Min

Max

MY

SD

28.8

50.2

39.7

5.9

24.2

51.1

42.8

8.5

34.4

74.2

55.4

11.9

1.1

5.6

3.4

1.6

1.1

9.0

5.5

3.1

7.9

77.6

23.3

23.6

3.7

25.6

12.6

7.1

3.7

29.2

16.6

9.9

21.9

54.8

34.9

11.6

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.03

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.03

0.30

0.40

0.40

0.08

Zone3 Min

Max

MY

SD

20.2

48.7

39.3

8.0

36.5

54.7

43.8

5.2

40.4

92.0

59.4

14.5

0.2

7.9

4.0

2.3

1.1

6.8

3.2

1.7

2.3

24.8

12.8

6.2

3.7

91.4

25.3

22.9

18.3

96.5

33.9

21.1

25.6

102.3

52.4

24.9

0.40

0.52

0.44

0.05

0.39

0.67

0.53

0.11

0.19

0.36

0.28

0.07



Biological parameters:

Phytoplankton : presents a richness relatively important, in water surface and on the bottom of the coastal area (<50m), situated between F’nideq and Oued Negro, dominated generally by Atlantic waters.

Zooplankton : same pattern was observed with an increasing gradient North - South



Modelisation of the dispersion of rivers panache :

the dispersion of rivers panache in the region is depending on the local circulation and intensity and direction of winds.

Areas with high panache concentrations: - Area nearest of Negro river (around isobaths -40m) - Area of Cap Negro - Cap Mazzari in which are rejected urban e effluents through Martil and Amssa rivers ; - Area of Oued Laou - Cap Targha



IDENTIFICATION OF FAVORABLES

SPACES FOR AQUACULTURE

IN THE STUDY AREA



SITES SELECTION CRITERIA :

Biophysical factors

- Physicochemical parameters

- Topography et geomorphology of coastline - Bathymetry - Substrate - Winds and waves - Currents and tidal range - Suspended matter

Biological factors : - Bacterial contamination - Predators and Parasites - Primary production

- Harmful micro-algae

Anthropogenic factors - Ports settlement and roads networks - Fishing activities - Touristic activities - Existing farming activities - Pollution - Availability of labors and specialized services



Coastline (of 20 to 50m deep) situated between Mazari Cape – Targha Cape

IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL SITES IN THE STUDY’S AREA



Examination of this figure shows irregularity in size

- Very close to shore (Tamernoute et Tameguert) with very difficult access ; so, not useful to be selected - The remaining area is important to be considered as aquaculture site : - Mazari Cape and Aakail Cape - Tameguert and Targha Cape.




Taking into account the type of substratum areas

- The rocky and muddy places are discarded




Regarding Laou’s river panache

- Places surrounding the area of the mouth of this river are also discarded




Area situated between Mazari Cape et Aakaili Cape : useful space for aquaculture activities (Shellfish culture).

Area situated off Kaâ Srass : convenient for aquaculture Activitties (Fishculture).


1500 m

2000 m

Zone A1500 m

2000 m

Zone A



OCCUPATION PLAN AND ORGANIZATION OF MARINE CONCESSIONS

Zone A : Concessions located in the middle Of the bay of M’Diq. (400 ha)

Among this potential space, an aquaculture area of 300 ha (1,500 m x 2,000 m), or 75% can be reserved for aquaculture activities .

500 m

500 m

500 m

750 m

750 m

Rearing facilities settlement space (37,5 ha)

Trophic Corridor and internal spacing for navigation

4 concessions of 37,5 ha each will be used for Shellfish Culture.



Zone B : Situated between Mazari Cape et Aakaili Cape . (1,067 ha)

Throughout this area, an aquaculture space of 465 ha (3,100 m x 1,500 m), or 43.6%, can be used for the aquaculture siting operations sur l’ensemble de cet espace.

500 m

500 m

500 m

400 m

500 m

Rearing facilities settlement space (20 ha)


8 concessions of 20 ha for Shellfish culture




4 concessions of 40 ha réservées à la Pisciculture

Throughout this area, an aquaculture space of 310 ha (3100 m x 1000 m), representing 44,9%, can intended for aquaculture activities

1 000 m

400 m

500 m

Rearing facilities settlement (40 ha)


Zone C situated au large de Kaâ Srass (690 ha)




For fishculture In each 40 ha concession

40 floating cages are ranged into two modular unite containing 2 x 20 cages each.

These facilities will be settled in parallel orientation with the coastline and perpendicular to waves

direction and dominants winds.

ADAPTED REARING TECHNIQUES

384 m

468 m

100 m

384 m

468 m

100 m



For shellfish culture

In each 20 ha concession

Shellfish culture infrastructures will consist in ranges containing each 15 of 300 m long-lines with

internal spacing of 25 m.

Disposed perpendicularly to currant et in the same direction of large waves

300 m

440 m

500 m

400 m

300 m

440 m

500 m

400 m

ADAPTED REARING TECHNIQUES



IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTAL SPECIES FOR SHELLFISH CULTURE:

Autochthonous commercially cultured species at local scale

Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

African Mussel Perna perna

Autochthonous potential species to be cultured in the studied area

European and Mediterranean Scallop Pecten maximus and Pecten jacobeus

Alien species already introduced and cultured at commercial scale in Mediterranean coasline of Morocco

Cupped Oyster Crassostrea gigas



Autochthonous species commercially reared at local scale

Sea-bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Sea-bream (Sparus aurata) Meagre (Argyrosomus regius)

Autochthonous species locally subject to applied rearing experiments

Red porgy (Pagrus pagrus)

Common Dentex (Dentex dentex)

IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTAL SPECIES FOR FISHCULTURE:



Autochthonous species potential for breeding

Le sar à museau pointu (Puntazzo puntazzo) Pagre rayé (Pagrus Auriga)

Alien species likely to be introduced

None

IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTAL SPECIES FOR FISHCULTURE:



For Fishculture

ECONOMICAL AND FINANCIAL STUDY

Hypothesis: For one 20 ha concession

Investment : 3 515 290.00 DH

Running Costs : 2 142 108.00 DH

Turnover : 3 600 000.00 DH

Profitability : 37 %

For Shellfish culture

Hypothesis: For one 40 ha concession

Investment : 8 274 629.00 DH

Running Costs : 24 484 101.00 DH

Turnover : 29 700 000.00 DH

Profitability : 51 %



Thank You

Your Kind Attention

For

MOROCCAN EXPERIENCE IN SITES SELECTION FOR MARINE … · 2014. 7. 14. · Training Workshop on Site...

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