Morning Journal - Morgan's Raid 150th Anniversary

2 • Morning Journal • Morgan’s Raid 150th Anniversary • July, 25th, 2013

Morning Journal • Morgan’s Raid 150th Anniversary • July, 25th, 2013 • 3

The Lisbon Historical Society presents a

SPECIALCIVILW AR D ISPLAYFeaturing a Confederate Pistol left

behind by Morgan’s men.To view our display, the Train Stationwill be open from 10am to 3pm on

SUNDAY,JULY28,2013

By TOM GIAMBRONIStaff Writer

LISBON—Hide your horses, valuables and women!That was the cry that rang out over southern Columbiana

County on the evening of July 25, 1863, as word spread of theapproach of Morgan’s Raiders, according to local historianGene Krotky.

“By July 26, 1863, the village of New Lisbon was preparingto defend itself against the devastation that was sure to comeat the hands of Confederate General John Hunt Morgan andhis calvary,” she said.

Morgan never quite made it to New Lisbon, as the villagewas known then. On Sunday, July 26, Morgan and his 384remaining soldiers surrendered to pursuing Union troops fivemiles south of town near West Point, ending the northern-most advance of Confederate troops during the Civil War andthe only fighting to have occurred on county soil.

To commemorate the 150th anniversary of Morgan’s sur-render, the Lisbon and East Liverpool historical societies havejoined forces to host a series of events on July 28 in Lisbonand at the surrender site on state Route 518.

Krotky, president of the Lisbon Historical Society, said theyare trying to recreate, with as much historical authenticity aspossible, the events of that day, starting with an 1860s outsidechurch service at 9 a.m., although it will only be 45 minuteslong, “far short of the three hours our ancestors spent wor-shipping.”

The focus then turns to the town square near the countycourthouse, where men dressed in period clothing will deliverspeeches similar to those heard that day to rally the locals andrecruit volunteers to protect Lisbon from the bloodbath many

expected to occur. Audience interaction is invited and expect-ed, similar to what visitors find at historicWilliamsburg.

“Hear the speeches exhorting the young boys and old menof the village to bravery and duty as they prepare to go outandmeetMorgan,” she said.

To defend New Lisbon, Krotky said the volunteer militiapoured into the town square armed with rifles of varying ageand quality, while farmers also brought their pitchforks. Thevillage’s lone cannon, used only to celebrate the Fourth ofJuly, was pressed into service, and a cannon will be fired aspart of the event. Meanwhile, the ladies of town prepared apicnic in support of the volunteer militia, many of whom won-dered if this would be their last meal.

The ladies of the Methodist Church will be packaging and

County commemorates 150thanniversary of Morgan’s Raid

The Surrender Tree in Gavers, Ohio is depicted in thisillustation. The actual tree was relocated to BeaverCreek State Park and will be available for viewingduring the celebration.


COLUMBIANA COUNTY’SOLDEST AND MOST TRUSTED

DA ILYNEW SPAPEREstablished 1852Established 1852

Successor to the Buckeye StateSuccessor to the Buckeye Stateand Evening Journaland Evening Journal

selling “knapsack meals” similar to what volunteers wouldhave received that day. These “packet” meals will consist ofhardboiled eggs, a slice of ham, homemade biscuit and pieceof fruit. The cost is $6, and the “packet” will be available at thechurch and in the town square.

Several local restaurants are getting in the spirit of things,with Sweet Jane’s offering period-appropriate sweets, whilethe specials of the day at the Shale Tavern will be Yankee potroast and Southern chicken.

The church service, which begins at 9 a.m., is on theMethodist Church lawn, followed by opening remarks on thecourthouse steps at 10 a.m. Recruiting efforts, followed bydrilling of the militia, begin at 10:45 a.m. behind the gazebo.

At 11:30 a.m. on the courthouse steps, people representingcounty officials of the period will reenact efforts to protect thecounty treasury from being plundered by Morgan. Twentyminutes later a reenactment of the local militia reporting toCaptain Curry will occur on the courthouse steps, followed bya patriotic speech from War of 1812 veteran and Lisbon resi-dent John Armstrong imploring the volunteers to do theirduty.

At 12:30 p.m., the militia moves south to protect Lisbonfrom Morgan’s advance, which is when activities will shift tothe surrender site, where a reenactment of the event is sched-uled to be held at 2 p.m. featuring Morgan, as portrayed byDaryl Metcalf.

Afterward, Metcalf will travel to Wellsville, where he is tobe featured in the village’s event. Wellsville is where Morganand his soldiers were held following their surrender untilshipped to a Union prison in Columbus.

The Lisbon Historical Society, which is housed in the ErieTrain Station, will be open for free from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.,where visitors can view the musuem’s Civil War/Morgan dis-plays, which includes an authenticated Confederate revolverfound near the surrender site.

Other events are aslo scheduled that day in the county. InWellsville, Morgan’s Raid authority Lester Horwitz will speak

at the RiverMuseum at 3 p.m.

At Beaver Creek State Park, the 1,000-pound, 8-foot- hightrunk of the tree underwhich Morgan surrendered will beavailable for display from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. July 27 and 28.Music will be provided by the AppalachianFolkMusic Club.

Morgan look-alike, Daryl Metcalf,will portray the General John HuntMorgan in the reenactment duringthe celebration.


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Order of the Day

9:00 a.m. Church Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Methodist Church Lawn

10:00 a.m. Opening Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Courthouse Steps

Canon Firing Begins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Courthouse Parking Lot

10:45 a.m. RecruitingMilitia &Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Behind the Gazebo

11:30 a.m. Saving the County Treasury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Courthouse Steps

11:50 a.m. Militia Reports to Capt. Curry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Courthouse

12:15 p.m. Gen. Armstrong Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Courthouse Steps“Citizens Do Your Duty”

12:30 p.m. Militia Moves Out to Protect New Lisbon against “Devil Morgan”

At this time the activities will move south of Lisbon to Sur-render Rock area on route 518, where a re-enactment of thesurrender of the Confederate Cavalry under Gen. Morganwill begin at approximately 2 p.m..

We invite you to continue your Civil War adventure therewith the East Liverpool Historical Society.

Or

If you are war weary and wish to remain in Lisbon, pleasevisit the Lisbon Historical Society Museum, which will be

open from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. with special Civil War displays.

Featured will be an authenticated Confederate revolverreported to have been carried by one of Morgan’s men. Othergenuine Civil War weapons and military equipment will be ondisplay too.

Interesting and unique war stories also will be shared bycostumed inter-preters. By donation.

Schedule of eventsJULY 28, 2013RE-ENACTMENTOFMORGAN’SRAIDINNEWLISBON, OHIO • ON SUNDAY, JULY 1863

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To mark the 150th Anniver-sary of John Hunt Morgan’sOhio Raid, Civil War author-his-torian Lester V. Horwitz will tellabout Morgan’s Raid at theWellsville River Museum, 1003Riverside Ave. at 3 p.m. Sun-day, July 28.

The Confederate generalwho led the raid spent his lastnight in Wellsville’s WhitacreHouse Hotel before beingtransferred to the Ohio Peni-tentiary in Columbus. In appre-ciation of the innkeeper’s hospi-tality, General Morgan present-ed his sword to Mr. Whitacre.

The sword is part of the museum’s permanent display.

On July 26, 1863, General Morgan and the remnants of hiscavalry force, about 350 tired rebels, were captured at 2 p.m.,on state Route 518 two miles west of West Point, inColumbiana County. Morgan’s men had ridden over 1,000miles in the hot July sun.

Horwitz will tell about the people and events that hap-pened in this area when Morgan’s Raiders came through Jef-ferson, Carroll and Columbiana Counties. Horwitz’s book,The Longest Raid of the Civil War, was nominated for thePulitzer Prize for History. It tells the story of Morgan’s GreatRaid through Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio.

About 2,000 of Morgan’s Raiders entered Ohio on July 13,1863. By July 26, they reached West Point, Ohio just 70 milessouth of Cleveland. After the raid, 4375 Ohioans filed claimsfor damages suffered in the raid.

As part of Horwitz’s presentation, there will be a largemap showing the route through Tennessee, Kentucky, Indi-ana and Ohio taken by Morgan’s men. How Horwitz wentabout uncovering the hundreds of true stories, verifying theirauthenticity and collecting over two hundred historic photos,is a story unto itself. Dr. James A. Ramage, regent professor ofhistory at Northern Kentucky University and author of RebelRaider, said “The book is outstanding. It reads like a novel.”

Horwitz is the first civil war author to be filmed and broad-cast nationwide on C-SPAN/BookTv. He has completed amusical drama, The Rebels Are Coming! adapted from hisbook. It’s Morgan’s Raid in music. Autographed copies of thebook and music CD will be available at the presentation.

Historian presents Raid storyat Wellsville River Museum

Lester V. HorwitzAuthor/Historian

Whitacre House Hotel in Wellsville where Gen. Mor-gan was held after his capture July 26, 1863


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open at 1 p.m. that day (Sun-day) and, along with the usu-al displays, there will be apersonal collection of CivilWar era pistols, includingthree black powder riflesmade by gunsmiths inWellsville and Salineville.

At 3 p.m., LesterHorowitz, author of “TheLongest Raid,” will speak, fol-lowed by a reenactment ofthe events that took place inWellsville following Mor-gan’s surrender.

This will include bringingthe Confederate general intotown as a prisoner and himlater presenting his sword toThomas Whitacre, owner ofThe Whitacre House whereMorgan was housedovernight.

Morgan’s sword will beon display at the museum ina special case.

A reproduction ofThe Wellsville Patriot

from July 28, 1863

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Richard Lacher, Jr. Is VictimHORSE FALLS DEAD AFTERSHAM BATTLE(Editor’s Note: This account of the 1963 Morgan’s

Raid reenactment was published in the July 19, 1963edition of The Evening Journal)

An Alliance youth lost his left hand Sunday helping “recre-ate” a battle that never took place 100 years ago when theRebel Raider surrendered near West Point.

A Civil War brass cannon went off unexpectedly as RichardLacher Jr., 16, of 72 W. Main St., Alliance rammed a chargedown the barrel.

The blast blew off his hand and burned his face severely.He is reported in “fair” condition today at Salem Central Clinicwhere he wa taken by ambulance a sheriff’s cruiser as escort.Hospital personnel said it is uncertain at this stage whetherthe burns will affect his eyesight.

Deputy Sheriff Howard Gray said the youth was in one ofthe several gun crews firing cannons, and had fire the field-piece successfull several times.

The “soldiers” said they beieve there may have been astalk of dry grass on the powder charge and the hot cannonignited the grass as the boy drove the charge with a ramrod.

Young Lacher is a member of a Civil War light artillery unitat Alliance.

Mrs. Alice Rumberger of N. Beaver St., a registered nurse,was credited with doing an oustanding job in assisting theyouth immediately after the accident.

HORSE FALLS DEADA horse used by the Virginia Cavalry fell dead after the

mock battle and was sstill aat the Howard Ketchum farmtoday. The sheriff’s office tried unsuccessfully to get a hideand tallow company or mink meat butchers to take the ani-mal.

Thousands of spectator watched the action as the battleraged near the Morgan Surrender Monumnet on the Gavers-West Point Rd. The climax was Morgan’s surrender to Unionforces at the “farthest north” reached by Confederate troops.

Etimates of the crowd ranged from 10,000 to 30,000. Manypeople had to walk a couple of miles from parking placesalong Route 518.

CANNON HEARD AT LAKEDuring the “battle,” smoke from the guns obscured the

action, and the detonations shook the ground. The cannon fir-ing was heard at Guilford Lake, perhaps 12 miles away bydirect line.

A heavy shower soaked spectators at the height of theaction. The Midwest Historical Railway Society excur-sion train from Cleveland, Mansfield, Akron and pointsinbetween arrived at noon Sunday at the Erie-Lackawan-na station with 732 passengers.They boarded special buses for the ride to the surrendersite. A couple of the buses were unable to make theBlack’s Road hill amd the passengers had to get out andwalk.Officials arranging the railway excursion to the villageSunday were well pleased with the project. Clark Lord ofthe Midwest Chapter, was program chairman. Erie-Lackwanna Railroad officials who handled the railarrangements were Vernon Green of Youngstown andGraydon Lawrence of Akron.

Alliance Youth Loses Hand in “Raid”

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Attendance estimates ranged from 10,000 to 30,000 for a mock battle held on the Howard Ketchum farm onstate Route 518 in July 1963 to mark the 100th anniversary of Morgan’s Raid, The crowd and reenactors are

shown in these photos taken by Shirley Boals of Salineville.

A salute to fallen comrades in arms 100 years later attiny West Grove Cemetery near Monroeville south ofSalineville, in what was the northernmost engage-

ment of the great conflict.

West Grove Cemetery near Monroeville, Ohiosouth of Salineville. July 1963

Charlene Boals (standing in front) and John Boals (seated right on cowcatcher) of Salineville pose on thefamous Civil War Train, “The General,” during the summer of 1963 in Wellsville. The General visited Wellsville

during the centennial celebration of Morgan’s Raid.


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Editor’s note:

The Ewing family’s story of the visit of ConfederateGen. John Hunt Morgan in Columbiana County dur-ing Morgan’s Raid was written by Roy B. Ewing andwas first printed in the July 6, 1963 edition of TheEvening Journal, predecessor of the Morning Journal.Please keep in mind that this was written in 1963and some of the names and locations have changedsince then.

By Roy EwingSpecial to the Evening Journal

This is the story of Morgan’sRaid, as told me by my father,who was a 5-year-old boy sittingunder the table in his home asMorgan and his raiders passedby.

I shall have no quarrel withhistorians who dif fer with mystatements about the raid. Myfather, as I have told you, wasonly 5 when he began gatheringmaterial for this story, and couldquite easily have gotten wrongideas about the raid.

It was a hot morning on July26, 1863. The ordinarily peaceful little Beaver Valley, extend-ing from Millport on the west through Gavers, on to WestPoint, on the east was greatly disturbed.

The cause of the disturbance was a report delivered by amounted messenger, that Morgan the Raider had brokencamp at Bergholtz early that morning and was headed thisway on state Route 164, which leads through Salineville andGavers and on through Lisbon.

Naturally then, Salineville and Lisbon, as well a Gavers andmany other small communities of the area were equally appre-hensive and vigilant.

A little boy stood watching his father, Sam Ewing, treasur-er of Wayne Township, Columbiana County, dig a hole in theearth floor of the basement of their home. When the hole wassufficiently deep, the father placed a bag of gold belonging tothe township, within the opening and began covering the goldbag with loose earth.

When the earth had been heaped above the level of thecellar floor, it was tamped down and leveled to complete thejob, and Sam Ewing said to his small son, “Johnny, you mustnot tell the soldiers about thegold.” And Johnny replied, “I willnot tell the soldiers about thegold, Daddy.”

Sam and Johnny then left thebasement of their home, placedthe spade and post chisel in thewood shed and went into theirhouse. Within the house, Johnnyand his two little sisters, Ida andNancy, along with their mother,Elizabeth, and grandmother andbaby Jim, all had to be bidden ahasty goodbye, after which SamEwing rushed from the house,mounted his waiting horse androde away.

As Johnny stood watching his father ride away, he said“Johnny wear new suit, Mother” and the mother replied,“Johnny shall wear his new suit today and be mother’s littlesoldier.”

It so happened that Johnny had celebrated his fifth birth-day only a few days before (July 3rd) and for a birthday pres-

Family remembers Morgan’s visit

John EwingRoy Ewing


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ent had received a brand new northern soldier’s suit of blue,brass buttons, cap and all, and for good measure he had hispicture taken wearing the soldier outfit.

Sam Ewing had only a few rods to ride until he joined hiscomrades of the Home Guard. The Ewing home was locatednear the west end of a semi-circle of locust trees, at JohnHull’s cattle crossing, the first place east of Gavers. And theWayne Township recruiting station and drill grounds, underthe supervision of James Donaldson, was where the WayneGarage stands at present, plus the land north and west of thegrange, now owned by Mr. and Mrs. Homer Hampson. Cap-tain Donaldson’s home was where Paul Thompson now lives,the first place west of New Lebanon Church.

In the Civil War, every able-bodied man was required totake military training at a local center. The family man, werehe financially able, was permitted to hire a substitute soldier,at his own expense, but was still required to drill regularly,and become a member of the home guard. Furthermore, theexempted family man was still subject to draft if the ranks atthe front became seriously depleted.

Soon after Sam Ewing joined his comrades at the recruit-ing center and drill grounds at Gavers, Captain Donaldson ledthe Wayne Home Guard away to a point picked out for themto make their stand against General Morgan. The place cho-sen to meet Morgan was a heavily wooded area formerlyknow as Walnut Ridge on the old Steubenville-Lisbon Road,on the farm recently owned by Oscar Nightengale. At Lisbon,the covered bridge at the west end of town was mined andready to be blown up at a moment’s notice. To the south, outRoute 164 (or Hephner’s Hollow), trees had been thrownacross the road, a cannon placed on a hill overlooking theroad, and armed guards shielded by the heavy stand of timberon either side of the road, stood ready to defend Lisbon.

Out the Wellsville Road, Captain James Burbick and hisCenter Township Home Guard, flanked by the MadisonTownship Home Guard, stood ready to stop Morgan.

Lisbon was so carefully guarded because Clement Val-landigham, the noted ‘Copperhead’ (southern sympathizer)Congressman had his home in Lisbon, and was supposed to

have a house basement loaded with arms and ammunitionwaiting to aid General Morgan.

At Salineville, Washington Township Home Guard werelined up at Monroeville, a village to the south of Salineville onthe Jefferson and Columbiana County line, and within thetown, a trainload of soldiers brought in from Pittsburgh thatsame morning stood ready for active duty.

On this fateful day, when the South’s invasion of the North,during the Civil War, reached its high water mark, the mount-ed soldiers, the Home Guard and the dust sent aloft by theirhorses’ feet, form an important factor in this story. So, timeout for horses.

General Morgan himself came from Lexington, Ky., thevery heart of the Blue Grass country, an acknowledged cen-ter for the breeding of fine horses and cattle, then as well asnow. In the local communities, the work horse on the farmwas primarily a saddle and carriage horse.

Heavy farm machinery had not made its appearance andwhat heavy work there was to perform was done by ox-team.So since the horse was a means of transportation, the faster,the better.

The local stock was improved by such famous sires asMohawk Gift, Long Island Jackson, Sid Scott, Nickle, Bolivar,

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Please, remember as Morgan’s Raid moves along, everyMorgan soldier and every local soldier was mounted on agood horse.

Morgan crossed the Ohio River at Steubenville and arrivedat the village of Bergholz in Jefferson County, Ohio, on Satur-day evening, July 25, 1863. Morgan himself took quarters at a

farmhouse at the edge of the village, where he ordered achicken breakfast to be served to him in the morning. Thechickens were slaughtered and prepared, but Morgan did notshare the chicken.

Before daybreak, Sunday, July 26, 1863, Morgan wasinformed by one of his mounted scouts, that General Shackle-ford of the Union Army had arrived at Yellow Creek—OhioRiver, Confluence on Saturday evening, with the avowedobjective, “stop Morgan.”

The Confederate Raider quickly broke camp and took offto the nor th on what is now Ohio Route 164 towardSalineville. At the tiny village of Monroeville on theColumbiana-Jefferson County line, the Morgan advanceguard tangled with the Salineville Home Guard, causing theConfederates to bypass Salineville to the west.

The road by which Morgan bypassed Salineville crossesOhio Route 39 at Riley’s Church, a short distance west ofSalineville. As the Confederates moved north across Route39, they were fired upon by the East Township (CarrollCounty) Home Guard, who were stationed on the hill to thewest of Riley’s Church.

Morgan returned the rifle fire, but continued steadily northuntil he was informed by his scouts that a sizable FranklinTownship Home Guard was stationed at Bethesda Churchnorthwest of Millport, Ohio. By that time Morgan, being in acharitable mood (caused by his knowledge of the nearness ofShackleford), changed his course to the east and came downRoute 518 toward Gavers.

On the Fleming farm (now Thompson’s Potato Farm eastof New Lebanon Church), the barn bridge covered a root cel-lar, which had been extensively used for a day-time hideoutfor runaway slaves (underground railroad). Then when nightcame they would be conveyed to the next hide-out until theyreached Canada and freedom.

Morgan knew nothing of ‘Fleming’s station’ (undergroundrailroad) or that barn surely would have been burned. So thebarn was unmolested and, in fact, still stands today. As themorning advanced, Lisbon became anxious for news of Mor-gan’s activities, so William Myers, the carriage man at Lis-bon, sent Jesse Daily, mounted on his best horse, on a fact-finding expedition.

As scout Daily proceeded west on Route 518 throughGavers, he passed the Ewing home where Johnny and hisfamily were anxiously awaiting the days developments. Eliza-beth Ewing saw Mr. Daily pass by and knew that he was rid-ing Mr. Myers’ horse. So she watched to see which course therider would take at McDonald’s corners, (Kirk’s Corners)west on Route 518 or south on Route 164. The horsemancontinued west. Proceeding west from Gavers one soonencounters a slight hill. From the little hill, the road bears in asemi-circle to the right and then back to the left again, asthough in bygone days a huge creature had scooped up amouth full of earth and the Indians had followed the toothmarks around to form a road.

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As the semi-circle straightens out again, one comes to asecond and higher hill which overlooks the Fleming farm andNew Lebanon Church. When Daily topped the second hill, hefound himself facing the advance guard of Morgan’s Armynot more than a Cleveland Indians well-hit home run ball,away.

The Confederates instantly leveled their carbines on Dailyand ordered him to “halt.” Jess Daily’s courage left him asfast as air leaves a tire in a blow-out. Wheeling his horse, hemade a dash for liberty and Lisbon.

Now the sharp turn, down the hill to the left, took Daily outof range for the moment, but as soon as he rounded the semi-circle and advanced up the smaller hill, Morgan’s men camein range from the larger hill and dust spots were rising beforeand behind him and the fence stakes on either side of the roadwere exploding like torpedoes.

Morgan’s men were riding tired horses and Daily only hadjogged his horse out from Lisbon, causing it to be just proper-ly warmed up. So, by the time Morgan’s men reached the lit-tle hill, Daily was out of range and out of sight, and that gal-lant horse was giving life to save its rider.

The day was hot and Elizabeth Ewing and her children lin-gered on the lawn after Jess Daily has passed by on his mis-sion, headed west. Then suddenly the Ewings could hearshooting in the direction of New Lebanon Church. A shorttime later, Daily flashed by on his beautiful horse and sangout as he passed “Into the house and bar your door. They arekilling everyone.” Needless to say, the Ewings were in thehouse with door barred in record time. Then all too soon theroad was full of horses and riders, and the first of themseemed to be stopping just beyond the house. A tall manalighted from his horse, and brushing the dust from his hat ashe came up the path, crossed the porch and rapped on thedoor.

Elizabeth Ewing was certainly frightened, but nothingcould be gained by keeping the door barred with the road infront of her home full of Confederate mounted soldiers as faras she could see to the west.

When the door opened, General Morgan was confronted bya tall, plainly dressed farm woman, who stood in front of atable, under which Johnny, whom we have already met, andhis two little sisters, sat staring speechless at the horseman infront of their door. Near them sat an elderly lady who gentlyrocked a cradle containing a husky 3-month-old baby boy.

Morgan said, “Begging your pardon, m’am, do you havemilk and water in the spring house across the road?” “Yes,sir,” came the proud reply. “Well,” replied Morgan, “if you

will share the milk and water with my men and me, I pledgeyou the honor of a Kentucky gentleman that no harm shallcome to you or yours.”

“Certainly, I will help you,” said Elizabeth. “Excuse me,please, while I get my new buckets.”

While Elizabeth Ewing was gone to the kitchen for thebuckets, General Morgan stood smiling at Johnny and his lit-tle sisters who were huddled under the table. Suddenly Nancy,the younger child, began to whimper and turning to the grand-mother, Morgan said. “Soothe the child, madam. I assure youof her mother’s safe return.” And the grandmother answered,“From one Morgan to another, I hope you will keep yourword.” Bowing, Morgan replied “Good, then your name is thesame as mine; I will keep my promise.”

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Elizabeth Ewing returned with thebuckets and General Morgan led the wayfrom the house. When they came to thewalk that crossed the road to the spring-house, Morgan said, “Clear the path forthe lady.” So my grandmother crossed theroad to the springhouse and came to Mor-gan with a bucket of milk in each hand.When the milk was all gone, she carriedwater to Morgan until all the soldiers weresatisfied.

Then Morgan, the Raider, escorted thelady back to her house, bowed politely,thanking her for her services, mounted hishorse and swung his arm to the right, toindicate to his advance guard that theywere to proceed to the right, down Route518 and not up to the left on Route 164toward Lisbon, and Morgan’s Army againwas on the march.

Meanwhile the Wayne Home Guard hadespied the dust column down the Gavers-West Point Rd., andscarcely had the dust settled at Ewings from the departingMorgan Army, when Captain Donaldson and the WayneHome Guard came dashing in pursuit of Morgan.

Sam Ewing stopped at his home to find out for himself ifhis loved ones were all right and was overjoyed to find allOK. When Sam could stop hugging his wife, and the littleones long enough to get a full breath, Elizabeth said, “OhSam. Frank and the horses.”

“Easy, Elizabeth,” came the happy reply, “Morgan wentstraight through without stopping at the farm.” (Sam Martin isthe present owner.) “You know, that Morgan has been steal-ing every horse he came to, so early this morning I took Frank(eldest son) and our horses away north in the Hephner Woodsto meet Joe Benner and Johnny Roseburg and their horses.They are nearly up to McGeehan’s Mill” (Earnest Williamshome.) “And now, dear, I really must rejoin the Home Guardand help capture Morgan.”

At this point, Elizabeth became panickyin earnest, and grabbed Sam’s hands, shebegged, “Be careful, Sam. Morgan isevery inch a soldier and his men wouldshoot anyone, including themselves if besaid to.” Gently freeing himself from hiswife’s clinging hands, Same gave with amerry laugh and replied, “Well, Liz dear,as long as Morgan’s men keep busyshooting themselves, we will be safe herefrom them. I should not be standing heretalking to you, but you have been througha trying experience, so here goes, butfast.”

“A messenger from CaptainBurbick’s Home Guard unit, who isapproaching from West Point eludedMorgan by rising south at Prosperityand then west at Billy Johnson’s

Corners on the Glasgow-SummitvilleRoad. He joined us at the foot ofMcCullough’s hill and this is his report.”

“Shackleford is coming north on the Steubenville Roadfrom Highlandtown. Jim Todd and Ed Huston and theirneighbors have the Steubenville Road north of Prosperityblocked by fallen trees. Alec Todd, the Ramseys and theirneighbors have Black’s Road from Route 518 to Lisbonblocked the same way, while Dave Crubaugh and GeorgeHammond and their neighbors have the creek road fromWest Beaver Church to the Glasgow-Summitville Roadtimber-blocked to a standstill.”

Elizabeth Ewing’s face lighted up like a clear sky atsunrise, and patting Sam on the shoulder, she said. “Well,hurry home, Sam. We must milk the cows before supper.I gave Morgan all the milk. Now catch the Home Guardand good luck, dear.”

As Burbick’s messenger had reported to CaptainDonaldson, Shackleford was proceeding toward Route518 at top speed from Highlandtown. But he arrived atBeaver Creek just in time to see the rear guard of

Union General Shackleford


Morgan’s Army disappear to the east of ProsperityCorners on Route 518.

The Robinson farm home (Peter Chestnut’s farm today),is near the point at which Shackleford discovered that hehad missed Morgan. So Shackleford appealed to Mr.Robinson to lead him on a bypass to overtake Morgan.Accordingly, Squire Robinson led Shackleford across ahayfield to a by-road that led to Dobson’s Mill (a waterpower mill) and crossing the creek there, Shackleford fol-lowed the Dobson outlet north to Route 518 in time tomeet Captain Donaldson’s Home Guard unit, but too lateto intercept Morgan.

However, Morgan’s course was nearly run. CaptainJames Burbick at the head of the Center and MadisonTownship Home Guard units topped the little hill, whereMorgan’s Monument used to stand, just as Morgan and hismen topped the hill where Morgan’s Monument nowstands today, directly on the Wayne and MadisonTownship line.

The road to Morgan’s left was timber-blocked and therebel chiefton knew that Shackleford was right at his heels.So holding aloft a white flag, Morgan rode out across theintervening distance between, the armies, and CaptainBurbick advanced alone to meet him. When they met,Morgan bowing to Burbick, said, “I surrend to the Armyof the United States.” and Burbick replied, “As a commis-sioned officer of the United States Army, I accept yoursword and the surrender of your Confederate unit.”Then there followed a short silence, broken by the

cheers of the Center and Madison Home Guard units, andby the rapid approach of General Shackleford’s horse ashe worked his way through Morgan’s ranks.

Wheeling his horse beside Captain Burbick and facingMorgan, Shackleford said to Morgan, “I demand yourimmediate and unconditional surrender to the Army of theUnited States.” Morgan replied, “I have already surren-dered to Captain Burbick.” Shackleford roared, “Yes, butwho in the hell is Captain Burbick?”As any Lisbon peopleknow, Captain James Burbick was a veteran of theMexican War, and furthermore had been commissioned bythe United States Army as Chief Recruiting Officer andDrill Master for the Center Township contingency ofdraftees and enlistees, and eclipsing all other considera-tions, Jim Burbick was not the type of man who gotpushed around by anyone.

Guiding his horse away from Shackleford and facinghim directly, Burbick said, “Captain James Burbick, sir, atyour service. Veteran of the Mexican War, ChiefRecruiting Officer and Drill Master for Center TownshipHome Guard.” As you notice, the words that CaptainBurbick used were quite respectful, but his flashing eyesand voice fairly vibrating with anger were not respectful.

Of course, General Shackleford far outranked CaptainBurbick, as they both knew quite well. But the generalhimself was shocked at his own ill-advised inquiry as tothe identity of Burbick, and by the time Burbick had com-pleted his harsh-voiced personal introductions,Shackleford had himself well in hand. So in reply toBurbick, he said, “Congratulations, Captain Burbick, on agood job well done, and to show my appreciation of yourefforts, I am inviting you and Captain Donaldson and yourmen to share with my men and me the responsibility ofconveying General Morgan and his men to the barracks atWellsville. “However,” continued Shackleford, “when Ireport the capture of Morgan to my superiors, the swordwill have to accompany the report.”

At this instant, General Morgan cut in, ‘He is so right,Captain Burbick. I made my little play to discredit GeneralShackleford, but it was his nearness that caused me to sur-render, and now I fear I have wronged a man with morecourage than either General Shackleford or myself”

It was now Captain Burbick’s turn to extend the olivebranch, and with a chuckle he handed the sword to GeneralShackleford. Shackleford and Morgan shook hands. Thenthey each shook hands with Captain Burbick and the HighWater Mark of the South’s invasion of the North duringthe Civil War, had been reached.

At Lisbon, the fast return of Jess Daily and his shoutedreport, as his horse leaped one fallen tree after another,threw the Home Guard into a near panic. However, theystood by their cannon and behind their shielding trees untilthey knew for sure, that the crisis was over.

William Myers’ horse died as a result of his fast returntrip to Lisbon, but as Lisbon suffered no other fatalities,and Captain Burbick had managed to win some glory forLisbon and himself, the community soon decided thatLisbon has been very lucky and by common consent,Morgan’s Raid was permitted to stand as is.

Down Salineville way, the word had been passed thatMorgan had thrown a road block across the railroad atMillport, and commandeered the train, and was going toattack Salineville from the coaches. So the SalinevilleHome Guard and the soldiers sent in from Pittsburgh, linedup at the depot in two columns. The front column kneel-ing, and the second column presenting arms over theirshoulders. The passengers who were on the noon train,when it pulled in from Cleveland, were frightened out oftheir wits, and some women even fainted. But they alllived, and Salineville soon decided, as Lisbon had done,that their town had been lucky in Morgan’s Raid.

Giving the Ewing Family’s version of Morgan’s Raid tothe world, has been the life-long ambition of the author.


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(Editor’s note: This article, written by Lisbon residentRobert C. Cheeks, was first published in the May1998 edition of America’s Civil War magazine. It is

reprinted here with his permission.)

Aroused and alarmed, Ohiomilitiamen scoured south-eastern Ohio on the trail ofthe wily Confederate raiderJohn Hunt Morgan. Nearthe hamlet of New Lisbon,one Buckeye militia captaindid the unthinkable: Heactually brought Morganand his hard-riding Ken-tuckians to bay.

By Robert C. Cheeks

On Saturday night, July 25, 1863, the church bells in the vil-lage of New Lisbon, Ohio, chimed urgently in the warm, mug-gy air. There was good reason for the alarm. Outriders hadbrought the unwelcome news that infamous Confederateraider Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan and his menwere on their way to burn and pillage.

The citizenry rallied in the square and, after muchharanguing and confusion, began to develop a plan to defendtheir town. The blacksmith shops were open, forges lit andammunition prepared for the lone artillery piece available tothe community, a Revolutionary War-era brass smoothborecomplete with its own carriage and caisson.

While apprentice tailors sewed powder bags out of flannelscraps, other townsmen gathered small arms. Squirrel rifles,muskets of various and sundry bores, shotguns, horse pistols,swords and axes were hastily assembled. Few of the villagersslept that night.

In the morning, the men who were either too old or tooyoung for Federal service quickly formed two companies ofhorse under the command of militia captains William Hostet-ter and James Burbick, and one company of infantry underProbate Judge Cornelius Curry, who acted as overall com-mander of the New Lisbon Militia. Soon after sunrise, theNew Lisbon cannon squad had the dangerous old smooth-bore (which had killed a couple of men several years earlierand blown the arm of f another unfortunate volunteer)rammed full with steel and iron from the blacksmith shops.

While the militia formed in the village square, ColumbianaCounty Deputy Treasurer John Sturgeon quickly gathered upthe rather limited wealth—described as “a little gold and sil-ver and some greenbacks”—of the farming community. Stur-geon, acting under the auspices of the New Lisbon UnionLeague, climbed aboard his wagon just after sunrise andheaded north toward the presumed safety of Knox Townshipin the northwest corner of the county As good fortune wouldhave it, Sturgeon would miss Morgan’s raiders by a few shorthours.

Several miles southeast of New Lisbon, a similar scene wasbeing enacted at the West Beaver Presbyterian Church on theWest Point-Hanoverton Road just above the west fork of LittleBeaver Creek. Parishioners and farmers had erected an abatisacross the road outside the church to block Morgan shouldhe come that way.

The alarm was also being sounded in East Liverpool, abustling pottery center on the Ohio River. Captain James W.Gaston had rallied the home guard, some 50 strong, whowere now busily marching about downtown. Telegraph wires

John Hunt Morgan’s Ill-Fated Raid

General John Hunt


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sang with Gaston’s request to Maj. Gen. William T.H. Brooks,commanding the Department of the Monongahela at Pitts-burgh, for a regiment of Union regulars. While waiting for ananswer, Gaston shanghaied a number of well-known “Copper-heads,” forcing these sympathizers of the Southern cause intothe front ranks, much to the amusement of his loyalist militia.

While worried Ohio residents prepared for action, Morganand his men camped for the night just north of the sleepy Jef-ferson County hamlet of Bergholz. Early the next morning,

they rode boldly into the village of Monroeville, near thesouthwestern border of Columbiana County and began to pil-lage and plunder. “Paddy” Kerr, an Irish immigrant who hadestablished a blacksmith shop in town, was pressed into serv-ice as a guide. Kerr at first rebuffed Confederate demands,but a deftly delivered blow with the flat side of a calvalryman’ssword changed the recalcitrant Irishman’s mind.

Mounted on a fine Kentucky thoroughbreds, Major W.B.Way’s 9th Michigan Cavalry (under the overall command of

Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan, depicted at far left by Noel Pantig, and his Confederates gallop intoWashington, Ohio, in July 1863. When New Lisbon residents heart that the Rebel raider was headed theirway, they rallied and formed a militia to defend their town.

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Brig. Gen. James W. Shackelford) overtook the Rebels out-side Monroeville just after 8 a.m. and opened up with effectivecarbine fire. In the meantime, two of Morgan’s dust coveredscouts reported that Salineville, a village a few miles away, wasfull of Federal infantry—the 14th Pennsylvania Reserves hadbegun to take up positions in the town after a four-hour ride

on open-air flatcars. The scouts also reported that Yankee cav-alrymen—Major George W. Rue’s amalgamated unit com-posed of the 9th Kentucky and U.S. Regulars—were ridinghard from Hammondsville. Morgan, who was running out ofoptions, ordered his rear guard to make a stand and givethemselves up for the sake of the main body. The generalabandoned his fancy carriage drawn by two fine white horses,mounted a mare hitched to the back of the buggy and swiftlyrode away.

Morgan’s rear guard gave stout resistance, shooting offtheir remaining ammunition before surrendering. A section ofFederal horse artillery dropped trail in the Monroeville ceme-tery, went into battery and opened an ineffective fire on thefleeing riders of Morgan’s main body.

It was a running gun battlenow, the cacophonous reportsof horse pistols and carbinesclearly audible in Salineville. AtWest Grove Cemetery, nearthe corner of Jefferson, Carrolland Columbiana Counties,Way’s Michigan men got closeenough to Morgan’s raiders toopen a thunderous volley thatknocked three Rebels out oftheir saddles. Union soldierscarried the wounded menacross the road to the home ofJohn Moore and placed themon the porch. The Mooresgave them water and tendedtheir wounds the best theycould. By sundown, however,two of the raiders had died,and their bodies were takenback across the road to thecemetery and buried.

The Michigan cavalry har-ried Morgan’s men as theymade their way out theMechanicstown Road. The

rolling battle took the combatants across one farm and then tothe Sharp farm, where the raiders made a stand. A young Fed-eral officer, Lieutenant Charles W. Fiske of the 7th Michigan,was unsaddled by a brilliant shot from some unknown Ken-tuckian. He would be the final casualty in the Morgan raid.Way’s Michigan cavalrymen broke of f the pursuit andreturned to Salineville. The Michiganders had all but brokenJohn Morgan. In the two skirmishes and the running fightthat followed, they had killed two Southerners at West GroveCemetery, taken 240 prisoners and wounded 25 to 30 other

Militiamen take cover behind an Impromptu Barricade and fire on Morgan’s menin a desperate attempt to slow the raiders’ march across Ohio. The defenderswere usually poorly equipped and insufficiently trained.


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men.

The Federals’ last charge had shattered the Confederatestand. Half the Rebels fled across the adjacent fields, whileMorgan and the remainder galloped westward toward Norris-town. Morgan could see his men scrampering across thefields, and he subsequently pulled his command together for ahasty rendezvous. Once united, Morgan directed the exhaust-ed and fought-out column to halt. They would rest where theywere, on the road to the Summitville Catholic Church. NoFederal cavalry followed, and the Kentuckians were given amuch-need respite.

After a few minutes, the raiders mounted up and crossedinto Columbiana County. Along the way, they picked up a 17-year-old youth, John H. Carey, who was on his way to churchwith his sisters, and forced him to act as a guide. He was soonreleased when they came upon militia Captain WilliamSwaney, who was threatened with death if he did not expedi-tiously lead the Rebels to their desired location, Babbs Islandon the Ohio River.

Morgan skirted the Catholic church southwest of Sum-mitville and rode up a gentle ridge. In the distance, maybe amile and half away, he could make out the Bethesda Presbyte-rian Church. Horses and carriages were tied up outside, andMorgan, wishing to avoid any confrontation, moved due east,crossed the tracks of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad andthen blundered onto a millrace, a vestige of the old Sandy andBeaver Canal. The millrace was full of water, and the Rebelswere unable to cross. The column therefore turned north andcontinued for a quarter of a mile until it came upon a bridgethat led east onto the rolling fields of Squire John Williard’simpressive holdings.

All Morgan’s efforts at moving undetected on a circuitousroute had come to naught, since at that very moment thegood people in the church were being informed that the noto-rious raider was close at hand. The preacher, Reverend David.M. Miller, shouted from the pulpit: “Flee from the wrath tocome! Go and wait not on the order of your going!” With that,a regular stampede started. Out the door they ran, men,women, and children. Horses were unhitched and carriageswere loaded with fleeing families. All galloped away pell-mell.

Nearly 100 locals followed the Rebel column well out ofsight—some mounted, others on foot. They were determinedto monitor the raiders’ flight and render whatever assistance

they could to the cavalry. Reverend Miller, a borrowed swordin his hand, joined the men following Morgan.

But fighting preachers were far from Morgan’s mind at thetime. His men and horses were exhausted. If they could makeit to the Ohio River and cross it, they just might get backhome. It was a fast-fading hope, but the column was still mov-ing and had not clashed with Shackleford’s Federals for near-ly an hour. Bone-weary as the raiders were, they had to presson.

It was just after 11 a.m. when the column debouched fromheavy woodland and rode onto the Daniel McAllister proper-ty. There they picked up the West Point-Hanoverton Road andfiled onto the dirt road heading eastward, Morgan in the lead.The raiders continued to loot and plunder as they moved. AtJames Donaldson’s house, the pantry was emptied and thespringhouse cleaned out. The Rebels also tried to ride a bigyoung colt that Donaldson had been unable to break. Theexpert Kentucky horsemen soon had the colt broken and

The Ohio State Penitentiary, where Morgan and hismen were incarderated after being convicted ofhorse stealing.

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serving the Confederacy.

The column continuedalong the valley of the west forkof Little Beaver Creek pastLebanon Presbyterian Church,toward Gavers, a tiny, one-storehamlet five miles south of NewLisbon. About this time, theNew Lisbon Militia crested thehill on Hephner Hollow Roadoverlooking Gavers, while Wayand his cavalr ymen leftSalineville riding hard forGavers.

Judge Curry led the militiadown the hill to the Gaverscrossroads, their battle flagsuncased and snapping brisklyin the summer air. The localfife and drum corps soundedan appropriate martial accom-paniment. Cavalry commin-gled with infantry in randomorder. No videttes were thrown out—none of the officers,elected that morning, had thought of it. The men halted onthe northeast side of the road and began to fell ironwood treesto build abatis. The New Lisbon cannon dropped trail just tothe rear of the militia’s line of battle on the edge of a woodlot,the gun covering the crossroads and the western approach.

The militia worked tirelessly for some time to complete thebarricade. Then scouts were sent westward on the WestPoint-Hanoverton Road, but they soon returned without locat-ing Morgan. Captain Hostetter and his mounted companygrew restless and decided to strike out for Salineville in casethe Rebels had dropped below the creek.

Later, three more scouts—Lieutenant Charlie Maus, TomDaily and P.W. Harbaugh—were ordered to head west andsearch for the elusive Rebels. They had not gone far and werecresting a steep hill near the Fleming farm when they stum-bled into Morgan’s skirmish line. Daily, mounted on a fine,

blooded, Kentucky-born mare, managed to escape along withHarbaugh. Maus, however wasnot so fortunate and fell intothe hands of the Confederates.

Morgan came riding up—Maus later described him as an“alert, unkempt, unshaven manin gray blouse and planter’shat”—and began to questionhis prisoner. Morgan askedhow far it was to the Ohio Riverand to what organization Mausbelonged. Maus proudlyresponded, “The New LisbonMilitia, Captain James Bur-bick’s cavalry company.”

Morgan looked eastward,silent for a moment, then said:“I will now send you to yourcommand, accompanied bytwo officers and a flag of truce,to confer with your officers onthis proposition. I do not want

bloodshed. If they will allow me, I will pass peacably on to theOhio River and will not destroy any private property, nor takeanything.”

Daily, in the meantime, had galloped back to his militiacohorts. He jumped his horse over the abatis, much to theamazement of onlookers, and shouted, “Morgan is a-coming,run for your lives!”

Daily’s remark sent a chill down many men’s spines anddestroyed the icy resolve of the erstwhile patriots. One shout-ed, “Men save your lives!” With that timorous exclamation,the New Lisbon Militia began to break up.

Just then Charlie Maus and two Confederate officers, bear-ing a flag of truce, came galloping toward the militia’sredoubt. Burbick and his cavalrymen quickly rode off and hidin the nearby woods. When Maus road up to the abatis, herecognized Judge Curry hiding off to the left and shouted for

An 83-year-old Rue visited Morgan’s Monument withhis wife on September 21, 1910. The monumentcommemorating the Confederate raider’s surrenderhad been erected the previous month.


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him to come forward and speak to the Rebels. The judgewanted to know what the flag of truce meant, and Maus shout-ed for him to come down and find out.

Maus’ captors wanted Curry to accompany them back toMorgan to parley, but Curry refused because he had nohorse, or so he said.The judge pointedout Burbick, whohad ridden over tohear the discussion,and suggested thathe go with the Con-federates instead.Burbick agreed andtried to get himselfexchanged forMaus, but theraiders refused, say-ing both men wouldhave to return toGeneral Morgan.

Morgan and hisstaff were resting onthe front porch ofJohn MacDonald’shouse, west ofGavers, while thefarmer’s daughterAlice MacDonald,fetched water for thegeneral and his men.In gratitude, theRebels stole Alice’spony (she retrievedthe animal the nextday). Morgan andBurbick talked forseveral minutes. The Confederate general asked where Gen-eral Shackleford, his primary adversary, might be, but Bur-bick did not know the answer. The antagonists then discussedMorgan’s proposition. Burbick informed the general that hewas not empowered to accept his surrender or to issue

paroles since the New Lisbon Militia was not a state-author-ized body. He would, however, guarantee Morgan’s safe pas-sage if the Confederate column bypassed New Lisbon andstruck out for East Liverpool without plundering the country-side. Morgan agreed, on the condition that Maus and Burbickwould continue to act as guides.

The columnresumed travelslowly, the exhaust-ed men and horseshobbling down theroad. Just east ofProsperity Corners,where the WestPoint-Hanover tonRoad intersects theSteubenville Pike,Morgan called ahalt. By then hishorsemen werestrung out all theway back to Gavers.South of the road,beyond the WestForce of the LittleBeaver Creek, Mor-gan could make outa great deal of dust,indicating the pres-ence of a large bodyof riders.

Major Rue hadbeen leading a forceof 400 U.S. Regularsout of Salineville upthe SteubenvillePike when he spot-

ted Morgan’s marching dust. He located a New Lisbon physi-cian, Dr. David Marquis, who volunteered to act as his guide,and charged after the raiders. Rue could tell that he wouldnever be able to intercept the Rebel column in time. Marquissuggested that the Federals turn east along the creek and

After fighting a running gun battle with Major W.B. Way’s 9th Michi-gan Cavalry near Monroeville, Morgan tried to move through the coun-tryside undetected. The New Lisbom Militia erected a barricade atGavers on the West Point-Hanoverton Road, however, and interceptedthe Confederates. Meanwhile, Rue’s Federals had noticed large cloudsof dust stirred up by Morgan’s column and were galloping towardProsperity Cornders.

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make for a farm lane he knew that might place them ahead ofMorgan’s raiders. Rue quickly agreed, and the Federal caval-rymen stormed down the creek bed and began to galloptoward the farm lane.

The Kentucky loyalist reached the West Point-HanovertonRoad ahead of Morgan and quickly formed his makeshiftcommand in line of battle. No sooner had the Federal linebeen formed than Morgan’s videttes rode over a small riseand drew up short.

Calling for his column to mount up after its rest stop, Mor-gan asked Burbick if he would accept the surrender of his“sick, wounded and worn-out soldiers.” Without waiting for areply, Morgan rode back through his column and did notreturn for several minutes. When he did come back to the vanof the column, he asked Burbick to accept the surrender ofhis command on the conditions that his men to allowed tokeep their sidearms, be immediately paroled and be allowedto return to Kentucky.

Burbick repeated to Morgan what he had told him atGavers, that he was not authorized to accept his surrender. “Ican surrender to whom I please,” Morgan argued. Burbickgave in. A flag of truce was prepared, and the captain went tothe rear, where he expected the approaching Federal cavalry-men would soon arrive. When Burbick realized that the Fed-erals were coming to the front of the column, however, heturned and started back.

Morgan was flustered by the sudden appearance of Rue’scalvary and, since Burbick had not yet returned, tried the oldruse of calling for the Federals’ surrender. Rue would havenone of it. “Tell General Morgan to surrender,” the majorinformed the Confederate emissaries, “and do it damnedquick, or fight!”

Morgan stuck a rod with a handkerchief tied to the endinto Charlie Maus’ hand. Maus quickly rode forward with twoConfederate officers, who drew rein at the intersection of theBlack Road, bordering Wayne and Madison townships. “Mor-gan surrenders!” Maus shouted. Several Federal calvarymenrode forward. As they approached the Confederates, theRebels shouted, “We surrender to Captain Burbick!”

Burbick, back from his ride to the rear, rode up to Rue andconfirmed Morgan’s surrender. Rue and his immediate supe-rior, General Shackleford, who later arrived at the scene,refused to accept Morgan’s surrender to the New Lisbon cap-tain. Their refusal would have immediate repercussions. Mor-gan asked to be permitted to return to the field, preferring todie in battle rather than surrender to the Federals, who wouldundoubtedly treat him as a horse thief. But his request wasdenied. Instead, Morgan and his command (384 men and 400horses) were taken that afternoon to Salineville, where a spe-cial train was ready to carry them to Wellsville, Ohio.

Early the next day, Morgan, under heavy guard, was sentby train to Cincinnati to stand trial. Found guilty of horse steal-ing, he and his men were incarcerated at the Ohio State Peni-tentiary. Insulted and disgraced by state authorities, Morganand his officers had their hair sheared close to their skullsand their breads shaved, as if they were civilian criminals. Itwas an ignominious end to a comedy of errors.

Morgan’s surrender became controversial immediatelyafter his capture. A letter written the next day by Ohio Gover-nor David Tod to Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside, commanderof the Army of Ohio, stated: “I shall have some material factsto lay before you touching Morgan’s surrender to CaptainBurbick. Keep the matter open until I arrive.”

The following day, Rod wrote Secretary of War Edwin M.Stanton: “I visit General Burnside tonight to settle the ques-tion that Morgan raises as to his surrender. From what I canlearn of the matter, it is gammon on Morgan’s part.”

L.W. Potter, a member of the New Lisbon Militia who wasacting as the governor’s agent, took statements from JamesBurbick, Charlie Maus and Judge Cornelius Curry. The affa-ble Maus, whom Potter gave $7, was sent to the governorwith the affidavits as soon as they were taken. Maintainingthat Burbick was not a proper officer of the state militia, Todwrote to Michigan in prison that “I must, therefore, treat yoursurrender or yielding up as having been made to the forcesunder the command of the United States officers and there-fore, as Chief Executive of this State, I can claim no controlover you.”

After the surrender, Morgan had given James Burbick abeautiful white mare that had been stolen from a circus inIndiana, but the captain lost her to General Shackleford a fewhours later. Morgan had given Maus his Colt revolver, a fine-grained leather holster and ornate bridle, telling the lieutenantthat he admired his bravery. Maus was allowed to keep thegifts, but he later gave Morgan’s pistol to his great-uncle,Freeman Ward. Another relative, Alice Burnett, inherited thebridle and subsequently presented it to President FranklinRoosevelt on his birthday in 1934.

After escaping form the Ohio Penitentiary in late Novem-ber 1863, Morgan was killed in Greeneville, Tenn., the nextSeptember. Judge Curry served two more years on thebench, then joined a Salem, Ohio, law firm. Charlie Mausenlisted in the Union Army, served honorably and became asergeant.

But James Burbick, the humble militia captain who did theunthinkable—actually capturing the elusive John Hunt Mor-gan—retired from public life and disappeared from history,unhonored and unremembered...until now.


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Morning Journal - Morgan's Raid 150th Anniversary

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