Review of the effect of Moringa oleifera seeds on reducing water turbidity and pathogens
Moringa seed presentation-1.ppt [Read-Only] -...
Transcript of Moringa seed presentation-1.ppt [Read-Only] -...
Lecture 35
Designing for the developing world and
Moringa for Water TreatmentMoringa for Water Treatment
Dr. Stephanie Velegol
12/07/0912/07/09
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Designing for the Developing World must reach beyond economicsmust reach beyond economics
Will it promote EconomicDevelopment?
Is the Design Appropriate?
Is the Design Green?
W ll h D Will the Design promote Social Development?
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Taken from Dr. SchuhmannDirector, Engineering Leadership Development ProgramAt Penn State
Moringa seeds for Moringa seeds for Water Purification
Dr. Stephanie Velegol, Civil EngineeringDr. Darrell Velegol, Chemical Engineering
D Ri k S h h SEDTAPPDr. Rick Schuhmann, SEDTAPPHuda Jerri (Grad) & Kristin Adolfsen (UG), Chemical Engineering
Ashley Curtis (UG), Chemical EngineeringLing Ling Chen & Basayir Hussain Al-Lawati (UG), Chemical Engineering
Bridget Finnegan (UG), Chemical EngineeringChris Bakey (UG), Civil Engineering
M i g i th “Mi l T ”Moringa is the “Miracle Tree”
Food: Leaves are highly nutritious
Fuel: Seeds can be used as biodieselPlant can be used for biogas
Water Treatment: Seeds clarify water
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Location corresponds to malnutrition and plack of access to potable water
Location of Moringa Trees
Malnutrition
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Leaves are highly nutritious
7times the Vitamin C of Oranges
g y
4times th Vit i A f C t
7t es t e ta C o O a ges
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4times the Vitamin A of Carrots
4times the Calcium of Milk
Tiny leaves.
3times the Potassium of Bananas
Enormous Benefits.Gram-for-gram comparison of nutritional data1
2times the Protein of Yogurt6
Moringa seeds clarify water and kill bacteriakill bacteria
5 ml of crushed seed powder to 250 ml of water
Shake for 1 minute
Filter through a cloth into 10 L of dirty waterg y
Stir rapidly for 1 minute, slowly for 5-10 minutes.
Let the water sit for one hour.
Field Guide for Emergency Water Treatment with Moringa oleifera by Beth Doerr, ECHO Staff, March [email protected]
Moringa seeds contain cationic proteins th t l if t i fl l tithat clarify water via flocculation
cationic protein (~ 5 nm) i i ti l+++ cationic protein ( 5 nm)
6500 kDa+ 6 mV (iep = 10 – 11)
-anionic particle(sand, bacteria, kaolinite)
- -
8 flocculate & settle
Seeds are antimicrobial due to “ l l k if ” ti i t i“molecular knife” on cationic proteins
“Molecular Knife” + +
bacterium bacteriumbacteriumElectrostatically attracted M l l k if
+attracted Molecular knife
disrupts cell wall…kills bacterium
Cationicproteinfrom Moringaseeds
9Advantage: bacteria cannot become resistant
Problem: Treating water with Moringa l b hi d t l bl BODleaves behind water soluble BOD…
h l blOther water soluble proteins, etc. are left behind
Water cannot be stored as long….
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Procedure for functionalizing sandProcedure for functionalizing sand(Making f(Making f--sand)sand)
f-sand now d tready to
process local water
Fill container with sand
Add moringa solution to sand Drain and Rinseand immobilize
proteinsBOD is
rinsed away
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Procedure for obtaining water soluble Procedure for obtaining water soluble cationic protein from seedscationic protein from seedspp
1
2
3Crush Moringa
d 4seeds0.5 g powder +20 mL water+20 mL water Roll for 1 hr Sediment
for 1 hour
Supernatant13 Times have not been optimized
Will f sand capture particles and kill Will f-sand capture particles and kill bacteria?
-Kristin Adolfsen (UG) & Huda Jerri (Grad Student)
Chemical Engineering-Chemical Engineering
ff--sand captures fluorescent anionic 1 sand captures fluorescent anionic 1 m m ti lti lparticles particles
No particles present on bare silica
Jerri H A ; Adolfsen K J ; Velegol D ; Velegol S B “Immobilization of cationic
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Jerri, H. A.; Adolfsen, K. J.; Velegol, D.; Velegol, S.B. Immobilization of cationic Moringa oleifera proteins: from raw seeds to naturally-functionalized antimicrobial sand.” (Submitted to ES&T Nov. 20, 2009)
MOCP-functionalized f-sand also removes kaolin turbidityremoves kaolin turbidity
0.50
0.30
0.40
trat
ion
(mg/
ml)
bare sand
0.10
0.20
Kao
lin C
once
nt
f-sand
0.000 200 400 600
Time (minutes)
KImage taken after 600 minutes(a) f-sand (b) bare sand (c) original kaolin stock solution.
88% of kaolin was removed
( ) g
16 Jerri et al. (Submitted to ES&T Nov. 20, 2009)
f-sand captures and kills DH5α E. coliBare sand f sandBare sand f sand
Bacteria stained with BacLight
Images taken using confocal gmicroscopy
17 Jerri et al. (Submitted to ES&T Nov. 20, 2009)
Bacteria stay adhered after rinsing and will not transfer to sandnot transfer to sand
18 Jerri et al. (Submitted to ES&T Nov. 20, 2009)
The Amount of Sand Does Not Increase Removal of Kaolinof Kaolin
0.27 g seed/L0 54 g seed/L0.54 g seed/L
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What is the best concentration of What is the best concentration of seed/sand to produce f-sand?
Ling Ling Chen (UG) Basayir Hussain Al-Lawati (UG) Kristin Adolsen (UG)
Chemical Engineering Chemical Engineering Chemical Engineeringg g g g g g
Technique for finding optimum t ti f dconcentration of seeds
fluorescentfluorescent particles Image slides
Add supernatant to glass slides
2424 25 mg/mL
p25 mg/mL
25 mg/mL12.5 mg/mL0 mg/ml- Control
50 mg/mL37.5 mg/mL
Concentrations- Moringa oleifera in DI25
What happens if dirty water is used What happens if dirty water is used to make f-sand?
Bridget Finnegan (UG), Chemical Engineering
Make f-sand with PSU WWTP secondary effluentsecondary effluent
5g Moringa suspended i 200 L ffl tin 200mL effluent
Strained through cheese cloth 50g sand added & stirred
Sampled every 10 minutes with 25 min of settlingwith 25 min of settling
27 Test Effluent for CFU removal
90% CFU removed from effluent (105 CFU) in 20 minutes
0 80.9
1
0CFU
0.50.60.70.8
)/ 1
1480
0.20.30.4
/100
mL)
00.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
(CFU
/
28
Time (min)
Can we use f-sand in a continuous Can we use f sand in a continuous flow system?
Christopher Bakey (UG)Civil Engineeringg g
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Leveling sand is too disperseLeveling sand is too disperse
Media Size Distribution
100
60
80
100
tain
e Leveling SandFilter Sand
20
40
% R
et Filter SandAnthracite
00.01 0.1 1 10
Sieve Size
30
Set up of columns and future plansSet up of columns and future plans
• Flow Rate– Clogging
– Media Available
• Lifespan– Cost
– Time
• Effectiveness– Storage Capabilities
– % of Removal
3131