More Review
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Transcript of More Review
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More Review
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Are Viruses Alive?
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Virus Structure
What is an envelope?What is just a viroid made of?What is a prion made of?
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Know Your Terms• Fever• Autotroph • Pathogenic • Host• Immunity • Vaccine• Bacteriophages • Anaerobic• Chemosynthesis
Organism that doesn’t use oxygen
An increase in body temperature
Viruses that attack only bacteria
Injected dead or weakened virus to increase immunity
Organisms that can make their own food
Resistance to a disease
Using energy from inorganic chemicals to make food
Disease causing
An organism that has another organism living on or in it
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Shapes of Viruses
HelicalPolyhedralBinalFilovirus
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What shape is it?
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What shape is it?
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What shape is it?
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What shape is it?
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What shape is it?
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What shape is it?
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What shape is it?
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How were viruses discovered?
Dmitri Ivanovsky Martinus Beijerinck
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Viral Diseases?
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Virus Life CycleViruses Replicate, not reproduce!
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Lytic vs. Lysogenic?
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How can we use viruses for good?
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Kingdom MONERA – all prokaryotes (bacteria)
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Monera
Archaebacteria Eubacteria
So different that many scientists have them as two separate kingdoms
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Archaebacteria – “ancient bacteria”
Methanogens HalophilesThermophiles
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Eubacteria – “true bacteria”, live in less harsh conditions, found everywhere
E. coli Salmonella
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Shape – 3 basic shapes
Coccus Bacillus
Spirillum
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Cell Arrangement
• Diplo- in pairs• Strepto – in chains• Staphylo – in a cluster (like grapes)• Tetrad – a group of 4 coccus bacteria• Sarcina – group of 8 coccus bacteria in a cube
like arrangement
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diplococcus
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streptococcus
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bacillus
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spirillum
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diplobacillus
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staphylococcus
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coccus
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tetrad
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streptobacillus
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Food Sources
Autotroph Heterotroph
ParasitePhotosynthesis
Chemosynthesis Saprophyte
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Respiration
•Anaerobic
•Aerobic
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Reproduction
• Conjugation• Transformation• Binary fission
Asexual?Sexual?Most common?
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Favorable Conditions?
• Warmth• Moisture• Darkness• Food
What can some bacteria do to survive if conditions are not favorable?
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Bacterial Diseases?
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Bacterial Diseases
Endotoxins Exotoxins
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Are all bacteria bad?
• Benefits?
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Disease
• Any malfunction of the body
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Infectious – caused by germs
• Germs – bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, small animals
Viruses bacteria fungi roundworms flatworms
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Communicable
• Can be spread from 1 organism to another
Direct contact
Indirect contact
Contaminated food / water Animal bites
Airborn
Which is the most common?
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Direct Contact
• Touching an infected person
Shaking handsHigh five
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Indirect Contact
• Touching an object that an infected person has touched
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Air born
• Travel through the air – effect respiratory system
Cold viruses in droplets can be transmitted to a person as far as 15 feet away
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Animal Bites
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Bubonic plague
buboes
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Malaria
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Lyme disease
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Rabies
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Contaminated Food and Water
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Amoebic dysentery
• caused from contaminated water
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Salmonella
• eating raw or undercooked foods
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Botulism
• improperly canned foods
Serious cases can cause death from heart or respiratory failure
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Body’s Defenses
1st Line 2nd Line 3rd Line
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1st line – structural defense
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2nd Line – cellular defense
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3rd Line – chemical defense
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Immunity – resistance to a disease
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How do you get immunity?
Inborn Acquired
Get disease
Vaccine
Serum Shot