More fibers, less space advances in fiber/cable density...GE/GPON 10GPON 2012 NG-PON2 2016 (40G-PON)...
Transcript of More fibers, less space advances in fiber/cable density...GE/GPON 10GPON 2012 NG-PON2 2016 (40G-PON)...
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More fibers, less space –
advances in fiber/cable density
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OFS – Stable, Reliable, Customer Focused
Worldwide Resources
OFS and Furukawa Global Reach
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Big and small
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• Big demand
– Bandwidth and fiber demand driver update
• Small bends
• Small fiber
• Small (outdoors)
• Small (indoors)
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Bandwidth growth is accelerating
• In the past 15 years, we’ve seen…
– The Internet, iPods
– HDTVs, DVRs
– Smartphones, Tablet computers
– Streaming services
• All require bandwidth
• Where to get additional bandwidth
– Faster equipment
– More fiber
– More wavelengths
• We must expect more changes in the future
Cisco bandwidth forecast
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• Next gen TV format – 2x
resolution, roughly 2X
bandwidth
• Content online and
growing rapidly
• For the first time ever,
higher quality video is
available via Internet
streaming versus
standard packages
• Price continues to drop
rapidly
4K (Ultra HD) TV
$0
$5,000
$10,000
$15,000
$20,000
$25,000
2012 2016
55" 4K TV Price
Source: OFS price surveySource: Best Buy
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25 Mbps/screen – How many screens used at once?
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Optical spectrum needed for the future
ITU-T Wavelength Bands (nm) – G.694.2
1260 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620
RFoG
GE/GPON
201210GPON
2016NG-PON2
(40G-PON)
Year
1990s
Technology
P2P & DWDM
2000s12 ch CWDM
E-Band CWDM 2010
Full Spectrum?Std SMF G.652.D
Bending LossWater peak loss
10 mm radius
The first 30 years used 1310/1550 nm.
The next 30 will require the entire ITU spectrum.
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Zero Water Peak PerformanceClean performance through the optical spectrum
ZWP has up to 22% lower attenuation in the water peak region
wavelength (nm)
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1300 1500 1600
Lo
ss (
dB
/km
)
O LCSE
1400
LWP fiber
Zero Water Peak fiber - lowest loss
U
Conventional
SM Fiber
G.652A/B
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New challenges in the network
More and tighter bends
• Outdoors
– Limited duct space
– Smaller cable diameters
– Smaller closures and handholes
• Indoors
– Fiber management challenges in CO
– New indoor applications in homes and
buildings
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Macrobending
Small
radius
Bend Optimized
Singlemode fiber
Small
radius
Service
Maintained
Optical
Signal
Large Optical Loss
Dysfunctional Signal
exits bend
Service Disrupted
Conventional Single-mode fiber
High optical loss around bends
Smallradius
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Bend loss vs wavelength and radius
Bending loss of Std SMF (G.652D) can disrupt services or reduce reach
Optical Fiber Bending Loss Increase vs Wavelength
Macro-bending Loss of typical standard G.652D SMF
Single 360 degree turn (maximum loss)
0
5
10
15
20
Wavelength (nm)
Ma
cro
be
nd
ing
Lo
ss
(d
B)
10 mm radius
std SMF
7.5 mm radius
std SMF
5 mm radius
std SMF
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Bending Loss will become an even Bigger Challenge
Increasing 2 to 4 times from Current Systems
Application Standard Current Generation Next Generation on
Same Fiber Network
Bending
Loss
Increase
FTTH
IEEEGE-PON downstream
1490
nm
10G E-PON downstream 1577
nm3X
ITU-T G-PON Downstream
10G-PON downstream
40G-PON
(NG-PON2)
1603
nm4X
DOCSIS
and HFC
SCTE
/ITU
RF-Videodownstream
1550
nm
RFoG
upstream
1610
nm2X
Metro and
some Long
Haul
ITUC-Band
DWDM
/CWDM
1560
nm
L-Band
DWDM
/CWDM
1625
nm2.5X
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Meeting the bending challenge in the OSPNew fibers can help
Smaller cables can sometimes reduce installed costs
Greater flexibility to use existing infrastructure
Less bend sensitive fibers may enable smaller handholes for some designs
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Guidelines for single-mode fiber
deployment (Yesterday/Today)
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Outside Plant Connectivity and In building
ITU-T G.657ITU-T G.652
Better macrobending properties
Perceived splicing issues
Relatively bend sensitive
9.2 MFD to simplify OTDR testing
90% of all fiber deployed today
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New guidelines for single-mode
fiber deployment (Today/Tomorrow)
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Outside Plant
ITU-T G.657.A1 with 9.2 MFD
• Less bend sensitive
• G.652.D compliance
• Seamless splicing
ITU-T G.652
O, S, C Band and L
Band operation
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Small bends can mean big losses (G.652 Fiber)Two 10 mm radius half bends can lose up to 10 KM of reach
20 km
OLT
2016 GPON 1490 nm
2 half bends 10 mm radius
20 KM reach preserved
2022 – NG PON 2 1603 nm
2 half bends 10 mm radius
10 KM less reach
10 km
OLT
15 km
OLT
2017 10G-PON 1577 nm
2 half bends 10 mm radius
5 KM less reach
Sounds like an opportunity for bend insensitive fibers
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New OSP Fibers can Preserve PON reach
20 km
OLT
2016 GPON 1490 nm downstream
2 half bends 10 mm radius
20 KM reach preserved
2017 10G-PON 1577 nm downstream
2 half bends 10 mm radius
20 KM reach preserved
20 km
OLT
2022 – NG PON 2 1603 nm downstream
2 half bends 10 mm radius
20 KM reach preserved
20 km
OLT
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Splicing traditional bend insensitive fibers
G.652D G.657A1
No change in signal shape or system
performance due to slightly different MFDs
Incoming pulse Outgoing pulse
Actual loss = (Loss + gain)/2 = Bi directional avg
Actual loss
Gainer
Direction 1
Elevated loss
Direction 2
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New OSP fibers – G.657A1 and 9.2µm MFD
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No change in signal shape
Seamless splicing
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Splice performance to G.652.D
Intermixes with no issues – eases inventory and transition
Unidirectional OTDR tests (Worst Case expected results)
• G.652D to G.652D Fiber 0.2 dB Max
• New OSP fiber to G.652D Fiber 0.2 dB Max
Bi-directional
OTDR loss (dB average)
G.652D
fiber
New OSP
fibers
G.652D
fiber0.02 0.02
New OSP
fibers0.02 0.02
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0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Bend LossdB
Wavelength (nm)
G.652 Fiber works well at specified bendsMacro-bend Loss dB - One 360 degree turn 16 mm radius
G.652 Single-mode Fiber
No bending loss issue when used as specified
1577
10G-
PONFTTH
1550
RF-Video CATV and
FTTH
1603
40G-
PONFTTH
1490
G-PONFTTH
1310
G-PONFTTH
1530 to 1625
C/DWDM Metro LH
10 mm
radius
16 mm
Current FTTN
and FTTHEmerging
FTTH
Current Metro and
Long HaulLegend
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AllWave®+ and AllWave One Fibers
The next generations of single mode fiber
G.657.A1bend loss
G.652.D
13% -33% lower loss
than G.652.D
Full Spectrum Zero Water Peak
9.2 MFD for seamless
splicing and testing
100% Synthetic Silica
Pure Reliable Glass
33% better PMD LDV
(0.04)
16 mm min
bend radius
10 mm min
bend radius
Even lower bend loss
(30% lower than
AllWave + fiber)
15% lower loss for up to
15% longer reach
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200 micron fiber
• Enables 2x fibers in same tube (or smaller
tubes)
• Glass stays the same (125 microns)
• > 12 fibers/tube, last 12 fibers ring marked
• Fully compliant to fiber standards
• Fully tested in cable designs to assure
reliability is not sacrificed
• Millions of KMs deployed already
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200 microns
245 microns
Glass
fiber
Primary coating
Secondary coating
250 microns
Glass
fiber
24 fibers fit in a typical 12F tube
2X the cabled fiber density
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200 µm fiber splicing – Loose tube cables
• Seamless splicing with the installed base
• Spliced with the same tools and procedures
as 250 µm coated fibers
• Why?
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Splicers hold the glass fiber, not the coating!
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• Full featured with GR-20 ruggedness
• 15% smaller diameter, 25+% smaller area
• Lighter weight
• Room for more subducts, microducts or
cables
• Lower fill ratio – potentially lower
tensions and longer pulls between
handholes
• More cable on the same reel size –
potentially fewer splice points
• Potential for smaller coils and handholes
• Lower weight on poles
200 µm benefits – traditional loose tube cables
2” scenario
144F Traditional cable = 15.67 mm (0.62”)
144F 200µm cable = 12.86 mm (0.51”)
Additional cable
or microcable
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200 µm fiber benefits – ribbon cables
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• Full featured with GR-20
ruggedness
• Similar benefits
– Lighter weight
– Smaller diameter – (roughly
15%)
• Retain benefits of mass fusion
splicing with today’s
equipment
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Rollable ribbons
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• Intermittent bonds between
fibers in a ribbon
• “Rollable” into a smaller
package than flat ribbons
• Development driven by NTT –
Proposed in early 2000s
• “Classic” Japanese
development – multiple
companies work on similar
problem
Furukawa (2012) Illustration
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Rollable Ribbon Benefits and Challenges
Benefits
• Higher density
– Smaller diameter and weight
• Gel-free
• Easier to break out
individual fibers
Challenges
• Early in the product life cycle
• Sometimes more difficult to
break out individual ribbons
• Handling and robustness may
be a concern
• Splicing procedures not as
refined as flat ribbon
• Limited sources and
availability
• Cost
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Where rollable ribbons make sense
• Ultra high fiber counts
– Significant diameter reductions
– Enables 1728 fibers in 1 ¼” duct
– 3456 fibers and higher are practical
• Lower fiber counts
– 200 µm ribbons have more familiar performance and handling
– Cables with 200 µm ribbons have similar diameters to rollable ribbons
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Evolution of optical cable – microcables
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Evolution of optical cable – microcables
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Smallest – 5.7-6.3 mm
144 fiber cable example
(Traditional cable = 15.7mm)
Smaller – 8.6 mm
Small – 9.7 mm
First generation microcable – GR-20
Second generation microcables – smaller tubes
3rd and 4th gen – smaller tubes and 200 µm fiber
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96 fiber Trial
Difficult route
Cable with PA (nylon) sheath
2000 m in approx. 35 minutes
Microcables sometimes require caution
• Not as standardized as traditional OSP cables
• GR-20 rated cables can be pulled with caution
• Next gen microcables should be blown – less mechanically robust
– Requires specialized handling
• Typical cable/microduct fill ratios (diam. to diam.) – 65%-75%
• Not intended for aerial deployments (without microduct)
• Use caution with FTTH distribution applications requiring expessingin pedestals
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Small Solutions to the
MDU Unit
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Existing methods for MDU hallway deployments –
multiple fibers
• Existing methods of hallway
deployments are often lacking
– Large and visible
– Hard to install
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Target Application: Existing residence
Moldings and tapes
are typically very
visible
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Small system for hallway deployments
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12 fibers
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New system for hallway deployments
Clean, completed
installation
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System components
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Preconnectorized
Multifiber Unit – 12F
(SC, LC, MPO)
Through wall tool and wall plugs/caps
Point of entry module
with connector adapter
Adhesive application
tool and adhesive
Corner
protectors
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Installation technique – down the hallway
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Adding a subscriber is quick and easy
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Add
connector
or splice
pigtail
Connect to in-unit fiber network
Open sheath and
remove fiber
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Summary
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• Bandwidth demand is big and keeps growing
Small size can help…
• Outdoors
– New OSP fibers can help manage smaller bends
• G.657A2 and 9.2 µm MFD
– 200 µm fibers can enable smaller cables
– Rollable ribbons are helpful for large fiber counts
– Smaller cables can increase density and lower costs
• Indoors
– New products can enable fiber to the MDU unit