Moral relativism and social capital
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Transcript of Moral relativism and social capital
![Page 1: Moral relativism and social capital](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081414/54bd9feb4a7959ad088b4596/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DO RIGHT AND WRONG EXIST?
Or are they just preferences, like preferring chocolate ice cream?
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What is right or wrong
is up to each individual person
to decide
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Is this right?
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or wrong?
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the same idea can be
expressed
this way:
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There are no
universal moral
laws
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BUT
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“There are no universal moral laws”
IS a
universal moral law
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The “law of
noncontradiction” is the most fundamental
law
of rationalit
y
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a statement cannot be both true and
not true at the same time
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“What is right or wrong
is up to each individual person
to decide”is an ethical
position called
“moral relativism”
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it is not any
more self-evident
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than other ethical
positions
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such as
natural law
philosophies:
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People perceive injustice naturally
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And these perceptions
are very similar
in different cultures:
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There is a
universal moral law
written in the human
heart
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It is wrongTo betray a
friend
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It is wrong
To harm the
innocent
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It is right
To help the poor
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It is rightTo show mercy
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Many major moral
philosophers
have believed some version of
Natural Law
Morality
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One reason they
rejectmoral
relativismis that it leads to
conclusions
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That arerepugna
ntto reason
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If moral relativismis true,
there is no rational way
to choose
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between
Barnesor
Elias(in Platoon)
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If moral relativismis true,
there is no rational way
to choose
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between
Adolph Hitler
or
Mother Theresa
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If moral relativismis true,
there is no rational way
to choose
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between
Rachel Scott
or
those who killed her at
Columbine
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If moral relativismis true,
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reasonfails
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If reason
fails
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there cannot be
justice
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SO,
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If moral relativism
is not self-evident
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And if moral relativism
is not strongly Supported
by
Reason(Moral Philosophy)
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How did
moral relativism
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become so widespread
in America?
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Why do so many young people
repeat slogans
from
moral relativism
as though they areobvious truths?
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This is a
HistoricalQuestion(rather than a moral or a
philosophical one)
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moral relativismwas
advocated by
cultural critics
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inspired by Marxist
philosophy:
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the “New Leftists”
(during the 1960s)
Albert CamusEmma GoldmanR. D. LaingHerbert MarcuseBertrand RussellJean-Paul Sarte
Bill AyersStokely CarmichaelAngela DavisAbbie HoffmanJerry RubinMaria Savio
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After the sixties, New Left
intellectualswent on to influential positions
in universities& the media
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“Demoralizing” America
Was a step preparing people
to acceptthe secular state as the source of
all values
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Karl Marx believed there were no
universal moral codes
Ethics were
relative to the economic
situations of each individual
society
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How has America
Changed
Since the 1960s?
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One of the most influential works of
sociologyin recent years is
Bowling Alone
By Robert Putnam
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His thesis is that
America has undergone a dramatic
loss of “social capital”
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Social CapitalIncludes forms of
Community and
relationship that are as important as money
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The title, “Bowling Alone”
Comes from his data:
Since the 1960s, league bowling has
undergone a dramatic decline.
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“social capital”
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“social capital”
Membership in bowling leagues peaked in the mid-1960s.
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What was more significant:
many
measures of community began
to decline in the 1960s
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His thesis is that
America has undergone a dramatic
loss of “social capital”
Voluntary Club Meeting Attendance
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His thesis is that
America has undergone a dramatic
loss of “social capital”
Charitable Giving
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His thesis is that
America has undergone a dramatic
loss of “social capital”
Trust: Can Most People Be Trusted?
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other measuresof the well being of
societyhave gone up
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Other measureof the well being of
societyHave gone up
Greed Among College Freshmen, 1966-1978
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Other measureof the well being of
societyHave gone up
Crime: Hiring of police and guards
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Is societygetting better?
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or worse?
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From the viewpoint
ofmoral
relativism
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the question has no
meaning