Mooring Buoy Maintenance within Komodo National Park  2009   Lead Sponsor: Henry Foundation  

Report from The Nature Conservancy, Coastal and Marine Program Indonesia in collaboration with PT Putri Naga Komodo, September 2009 Compiled by: Andrew Harvey MSc, Conservation Manager PT Putri Naga Komodo Jl Pengembak No 3, Sanur, Bali, Indonesia

 

2 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Introduction ........................................................................................................................3 Komodo National Park .............................................................................................................3 Komodo Mooring Buoys...........................................................................................................4 

Project Summary ...............................................................................................................5 Public consultation ....................................................................................................................5 Baseline Survey...........................................................................................................................5 Priority Maintenance ................................................................................................................5 Routine Maintenance ................................................................................................................8 

Outcomes..............................................................................................................................9 Next steps .......................................................................................................................... 11 Routine Maintenance Program........................................................................................... 11 Safety labelling ......................................................................................................................... 11 Mooring Buoy User Guidelines ........................................................................................... 11 Additional moorings............................................................................................................... 11 

Budget ................................................................................................................................ 12 Appendix 1  Mooring Buoy Systems in Komodo National Park.................... 13 

Appendix 2  Public consultation ............................................................................. 16 

Appendix 3  Maintenance SOPs ............................................................................... 16   

3 

INTRODUCTION 

Komodo National Park 

Komodo National Park, Indonesia (Figure 1) is widely recognized as an exceptional storehouse of both terrestrial and marine biodiversity with global significance. The waters of Komodo National Park (KNP) are home to coral reefs, seamounts and seagrass beds that contain over 350 species of coral and more tan 1,000 species of fish. This is the heart of the Coral Triangle – the richest marine region on Earth.

Figure 1: The boundary of Komodo National Park, Indonesia encircles 1,200km2 of highly diverse marine waters.

KNP’s unique biodiversity and scenic beauty make it one of the most visited nature reserves in Indonesia, in spite of its remoteness. Visitor numbers peaked at 32,000 in 1996, with subsequent political and economic instability in the region reducing that number by a third. Today tourism is again on the increase. In 2001 the number of local dive operators more than doubled from 2 to 5 operators. Airline arrivals and Park ticket sales continue to increase, and there is no doubt that Komodo will remain an important tourism destination, especially for diving and snorkeling.

Increased tourism is both an opportunity and a threat to the marine biodiversity of the Park. Through a system of Park entry fees, dive tourists contribute to the financing of Park. However, increased dive tourism also means more vessels looking for a secure anchorage. Uncontrolled anchoring, particularly on or around fragile coral reefs, can seriously damage the Park’s marine habitats and their capacity to support associated biodiversity.

This threat can be abated by the deployment of mooring buoys near dive sites and other tourism focal points, in combination with Park regulations that prohibit dive vessels from anchoring on the reefs. Mooring buoy regulations have successfully been implemented in other marine protected areas around the world (e.g. Bonaire Marine Park, Caribbean). PADI, one of the leading dive associations in the world,

4 

has highlighted the need for mooring buoys to prevent anchor damage to corals and has championed their use worldwide1.

Komodo Mooring Buoys 

Since 1996, The Nature Conservancy’s Indonesia Coastal and Marine Program has implemented a multi-faceted marine conservation program in Komodo, working with the Indonesian National Parks Authority, PT Putri Naga Komodo, and other partners. We drafted a 25 Year Master Plan for Management of KNP, which was endorsed by the government, and outlined stricter anchoring regulations The Master Plan prohibits anchoring in the Wilderness Zone, the Tourism Use Zone, the Special Research and Training Zone and in the Buffer Zones, except in waters with a 100% sandy bottom or anywhere in waters deeper than 30 meters. On all other locations only mooring buoys may be used to secure boats.

In response to increasing tourism pressure in the Park, several mooring buoy installation programs have been completed in the Park (Table 1). However the rigors of the marine environment - including biological degradation by fouling organisms, strong currents and occasional storms - mean that mooring systems require regular cleaning and maintenance to ensure their longevity. Through the generous support of the Henry Foundation, we were able to assess the condition of KNP’s moorings buoy systems, repair priority moorings, improve systems for regular maintenance by our partners, and identify priority sites for additional moorings.

Table 1: Summary of mooring buoy installation programs completed in Komodo National Park (see Appendix 1 for details on mooring systems).

Year Mooring System Load rating No. deployed 1996 Halas <15m length 25 2002 Large anchors <250GT or <40m length 10 2002 Small anchors <5GT or <10m length 5 2006 Manta anchor <250GT or <40m length 21 2007 Manta anchor <5GT or <10m length 11

 

                                                        1 Mous P.J. 2001 (Ed). Report Workshop on Sustainable Marine Tourism in Komodo National Park. Grand Bali Beach Hotel, Sanur, Bali, Indonesia. February 28-March 2, 2001. Organized and hosted by The Nature Conservancy, Coastal and Marine Program - Indonesia in collaboration with PADI-AWARE. 31 p

5 

PROJECT SUMMARY 

Public consultation 

A public consultation was initiated in January 2009 to seek feedback on mooring buoys from all vessel operators in the Park. We asked operators to help identify which moorings were missing or required maintenance, and which areas of the Park required additional mooring buoys (Appendix 2).

Results from the public consultation were combined with the findings of the baseline survey to identify priority maintenance.

Baseline Survey 

From the 5th through 12 of March a survey of the mooring buoys in KNP was undertaken by PNK, Dive Komodo and Newman Biomarine. Two speedboats (Cakalang and Tengirri) from PNK were used over 5 days to survey the moorings.

Over 40 mooring sites were searched for and inspected. Only 13 moorings were considered to be in serviceable condition. All moorings showed considerable signs of growth by fouling organisms. Several moorings had been affected by normal wear and tear.

Based on the results of this survey, a detailed list of required equipment, tools and spare parts was developed. A detailed work list was drafted and prioritised in preparation for priority maintenance.

Figure 2: Diver inspects a sunken mooring system.

Priority Maintenance 

All equipment identified through the baseline survey was sourced in Surabaya and shipped to Komodo.

6 

Figure 3: Mooring buoy components being assembled on shore.

Mooring buoy components were partially assembled on shore. Approximately 150 man hours was required to complete the following tasks:

• Buoys painted with anti-fouling paint.

• Rope bridle spliced around buoy.

• Main mooring lines measured, cut, and eye and thimbles spliced.

• Buoys spliced to main mooring line.

Figure 4: Mooring buoy components being prepared for deployment.

Installations, repairs and cleanings were undertaken over nine days. Initially four divers working over four days from PNK speedboats focused on moorings requiring minor repairs. Major repairs and heavy lifting were conducted from a chartered 15m vessel by a team of seven divers over 5 days. Work completed included:

• Physical removal of all fouling organisms from mooring line down to a depth of 30m.

7 

• Retrieval of worn mooring lines and attachment of new mooring lines to existing anchors.

• Retrieval of corroded anchor chains and attachment of new chains to existing anchors.

Figure 5: Recovered worn mooring buoy components.

This phase of the project increased the number of serviceable moorings in the Park from 13 to 40. All serviceable moorings have been checked for physical integrity, and currently provide a safe and environmentally sustainable anchorage to vessels. Regular inspection and maintenance is required to ensure moorings remain in a safe and serviceable condition.

Figure 6: The combined efforts of two divers are needed to physically remove established fouling organisms from a mooring line.

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Routine Maintenance 

To ensure Komodo’s moorings systems remain in a safe and serviceable condition for users, and continue to preserve the Park’s fragile habitats, regular inspection and maintenance is essential. We are working with the Komodo National Park Authority and PNK to improve on a history of ad hoc and poorly planned mooring buoy maintenance programs in the Park. We expect that an effective maintenance program will maximise the life expectancy of buoys, reducing costs and minimising environmental damage form anchors.

We have developed an SOP for mooring buoy maintenance that will be coordinated by PNK working with Komodo National Park Authority rangers. The SOP consist of the following key elements:

• A detailed list of required types and quantities of mooring buoy components to be maintained in the stores.

• Standard proforma for documenting visual inspections of mooring buoys systems from the surface and underwater.

• A schedule for surface visual inspection of all moorings every two weeks during routine Park patrols.

• A schedule for underwater visual inspection and cleaning of all moorings every four months.

• Standard templates for developing work lists for repairs based on inspection findings.

• Standard procedures for completing surface repairs within two weeks during routine Park patrols.

• Standard procedures for completing underwater repairs every 12 months.

 The SOP has been developed with PNK staff, and required training has been provided. We will continue to work with PNK and the Komodo National Park authority over the coming months to implement this program.

9 

OUTCOMES 

There are now 40 operational mooring buoys in Komodo National Park (Table 2), a significant improvement from the 13 at the outset of this project. Most buoys are receiving daily use and appear to be holding up well to high usage. Many dive boat operators and yacht owners have expressed their satisfaction and commendations at the quality of the moorings.

A regular maintenance program is in the process of being implemented. Procedures have already been developed, key staff identified, and training provided. We will continue to monitor the implementation of this program, responding to feedback and providing support where required.

Figure 7: A newly installed mooring system.

 

Figure 8: A small boat using a mooring shortly after repairs were completed.

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Table 2: Position of all mooring buoys currently in service in Komodo.

# Name Latitude Longitude Depth

1 Gili Lawa Bay-B2-1 08 29 633 119 33 088 30

2 Gili Lawa Bay-B2-2 08 29 635 119 32 995 22

4 Gili Lawa Darat-B6-01 08 28 603 119 33 373 28

5 Gili Lawa Darat-s6-01 08 28 430 119 32 000 16

6 Gili Lawa Laut-B2-01 08 26 852 119 34 787 20

7 Gili Lawa Laut-B2-02 08 26 787 199 34 161 27

8 Gili Lawa Laut-S2-01 08 26 901 119 34 080 8

9 Gili Lawa South-B6-01 08 27 548 119 33 963 26

10 Kalong Komodo-B2-01 08.36.702 119.29.178

11 Kalong Komodo-S6-1 08.38.760 119.29.030 21

12 Kalong Rinca-s6-01 08 36 400 119 46 307 22

13 Loh Buaya-B6-01 08 37 675 119 42 625 23

14 Loh buaya-B6-02 08 38 237 119 42 935 23

15 Loh Dasami-b2-1 8 47 314 119 39 476 31

16 Loh Dasami-B2-2 8 47 389 119 40 396 25

17 Loh Dasami-B2-3 8 47 165 119 40 222 22.5

19 Loh Liang-B6-01 08 34 512 119 30 722 20

20 Loh Liang-B6-03 08 34 483 119 30 130 20

21 Loh Liang-B6-04 08 34 439 119 30 230 20

22 Loh Liang-S6-01 08 34 326 119 29 989 6

23 Loh Liang-S6-02 08 34 281 119 29 998 4

24 Loh Serah-b6-01 08.44.569 119.27.424 27

25 Loh serah-b6-02 08.44.500 119.27.400 23

26 Mawan-B6-01 08 33 680 119 37 876 20

27 Pink Beach-b2-01 08 36 332 119 31 464 29

28 Pink Beach-B2-02 08 36 .370 119 31 387 36

29 Pink Beach-S2-01 08 36 158 119 31 137 11

30 Pink Beach-S2-04 8 36 15 119 31 269 21

31 Padar-B6-01 08 41 070 119 33 983 26

32 Padar-B6-02 08 40 524 119 33 438 26

33 Padar West-S6-1 08.30.680 119.33.992 11

34 Sebayor Kecil-S6-01 08 30 574 119 42 178 12

35 Sebayor Kecil-S6-02 08 30 574 119 42 000 10

36 SaBita-b6-01 08 31 687 119 34 670 18

37 Sebayor Besar-B6-01 08 30 258 119 42 694 27

38 South Komodo-b6-01 08 43 953 119 24 964 18

39 South Komodo-b6-02 08 44 .030 119 25 081 18

40 TWB-b6-01 08 31 688 119 38 164 11

41 TTWB-s1009 TBA

42 Loh Buaya TBA

11 

NEXT STEPS 

A mooring buoy network that maintains high safety standards, addresses user needs and minimises environmental damage requires ongoing attention. We are keen to build continue building the successes of this project while anticipating future needs through the following next steps.

Routine Maintenance Program 

We will continue to provide technical and logistical support to partner organisations during the initial stages of implementing a regular mooring buoy inspection and maintenance program. Next steps include establishing a stockpile of mooring buoy components, developing a purchasing and ordering system for replacement parts, and monitoring and reviewing maintenance SOPs.

Additional funds required $ 0

Safety labelling 

Two types of mooring buoys are deployed in the Park, rated to either 25 gross tonnes or 250 gross tonnes. Moorings can currently be distinguished by the type of buoy used; however this assumes that users have prior knowledge of the Park mooring system. To ensure that all users can correctly identify mooring types, their rated maximum loading should be stencilled directly onto the buoy.

Additional funds required $ 500

Mooring Buoy User Guidelines 

To encourage Park users to use mooring buoys rather than dropping anchors, mooring locations must be widely communicated. Additionally, correct use of a mooring system will maximise user safety and mooring live expectancy. There is an urgent need to develop and distribute communications materials for marine users that include a map of mooring buoy locations and usage instructions. A downloadable map, compatible with shipboard navigation systems, will also be made available through the Komodo National Park website.

Additional funds required $ 2,000

Additional moorings 

There is an urgent need for additional moorings in high traffic areas of the Park. Certain areas, particularly Pink Beach, Loh Buaya and Gili Lawa, do not have sufficient moorings and boats are forced to use anchors. Fourteen additional moorings should be prioritised and installed before peak tourist season 2010.

Additional funds required $ 20,000

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BUDGET 

 Income

Henry Foundation $10,000.00

International Finance Corporation $10,000.00

Putri Naga Komodo $5,032.96

Total Income $25,032.96

      

Expense

Mooring buoy components and tools (incl. shipping) $12,440.46

Contractors $5,718.78

Vessel charter and dock loading $3,267.04

Fuel $1,570.68

Food & drink $36.00

Project administration $2000.00

Total Expense $25,032.96

 

13 

APPENDIX 1 MOORING BUOY SYSTEMS IN KOMODO NATIONAL PARK 

Figure 9: Schematic representation of the ‘Halas system’ mooring installed in KNP in 1996 and 1997.

14 

Figure 10: Schematic representation of the anchored "big boat" moorings installed in KNP in 2001 (courtesy David Barnett, Offshore Moorings).

15 

Figure 11: Schematic representation of the manta anchor mooring system installed in KNP during 2007.

16 

APPENDIX 2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION 

A public consultation was initiated at the outset of the project, with the aim of identifying maintenance priorities. User feedback was invited through meetings and email, using the following form.

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17 

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2.

3. Has

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ode

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dit

ional

buo

ys,

4.

5. Has

an u

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d for ad

dit

ional

buo

ys.

Dea

r M

ari

ne

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sm O

per

ato

r,

The

net

work

of

moori

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uoys

thro

ughout

Kom

odo N

atio

nal

Park

pro

vide

a se

cure

moori

ng f

or

vess

els

whilst

min

imiz

ing

the

effe

cts

of

anch

or

dam

age

on f

ragile

cora

l re

efs.

In p

repar

atio

n f

or

the

2009 t

ouri

sm s

easo

n, PNK w

ill be

under

taki

ng a

pro

gra

m o

f buoy

mai

nte

nan

ce. Th

e pro

gra

m

will co

nsi

st o

f:

Public

consu

ltat

ion t

o iden

tify

lost

/ dam

aged

buoys

, 1.

pat

tern

s of

usa

ge

inte

nsi

ty, an

d t

he

nee

d f

or

any

addit

ional

moori

ng b

uoys

wit

hin

the

Park

.

Bas

elin

e su

rvey

to iden

tify

purc

has

e re

quirem

ents

, an

d

2.

per

form

min

or

repai

rs a

nd c

lean

ing.

Rep

air

and m

ainte

nan

ce o

f priori

ty m

oori

ngs

3.

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iew

of

exis

ting m

oori

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uoy

mai

nte

nan

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cols

4.

and s

ched

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nd im

ple

men

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outi

ne

mai

nte

nan

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ched

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pat

rols

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his

pro

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, w

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vite

fee

dbac

k an

d

idea

s fr

om

Par

k use

rs t

o e

nsu

re t

he

mai

nte

nan

ce is

targ

eted

tow

ards

thei

r nee

ds.

Than

k yo

u f

or

your

input,

your

resp

onse

s ar

e gre

atly

appre

ciat

ed.

Bes

t w

ishes

,

Andre

w H

arv

ey

Conse

rvat

ion M

anag

er

andre

w@

putr

inag

akom

odo.c

om

For K

om

odo N

ational P

ark &

World H

eritage

Site

moorin

gbuoys

Than

k y

ou f

or y

our f

eedback.

18 

APPENDIX 3 MAINTENANCE SOPS 

To improve efficiency and effectiveness of future maintenance work, SOPs have been developed which include the following proformas and record managements systems.

Mooring Buoy Maintenance Schedule Form 1a

Year 2010

Buoy No. Position Date J F M A M J J A S O N D Out

of Se

rvice

GLB-B2-01 08 29 633 119 33 088 o X X

GLB-B2-02 08 29 635 119 32 995 o x x

GLD-B6-01 08 28 603 119 33 373 o x x

GLD-S6-01 08 28 430 119 32 000 o x x

GLL-B2-01 08 26 852 119 34 787 o x x

GLL-B2-02 08 26 787 199 34 161 o x x

GLL-S2-01 08 26 901 119 34 080 o x x

GLS-B6-01 08 27 548 119 33 963 o x x

KKM-B2-01 08.36.702 119.29.178 o x x

KKM-S6-01 08.38.760 119.29.030 o x x

KRC-S6-01 08 36 400 119 46 307 o x x

LBY-B6-01 08 37 675 119 42 625 o x x

LBY-B6-02 08 38 237 119 42 935 o x x

LDS-B2-01 8 47 314 119 39 476 o x x

LDS-B2-2 8 47 389 119 40 396 o x x

LDS-B2-03 8 47 165 119 40 222 o x x

LLG-B6-01 08 34 512 119 30 722 o x x

LLG-B6-03 08 34 483 119 30 130 o x x

LLG-B6-04 08 34 439 119 30 230 o x x

LLG-S6-01 08 34 326 119 29 989 o x x

LLG-S6-01 08 34 281 119 29 998 o x x

LSR-B6-01 08.44.569 119.27.424 o x x

LSR-B6-02 08.44.500 119.27.400 o x x

MAW-B6-01 08 33 680 119 37 876 x o x

PKB-B2-01 08 36 332 119 31 464 x o x

PKB-B2-02 08 36 .370 119 31 387 x o x

PKB-S2-01 08 36 158 119 31 137 x o x

PKB-S2-04 8 36 15 119 31 269 x o x

PDR-B6-01 08 41 070 119 33 983 x o x

PDR-B6-02 08 40 524 119 33 438 x o x

PDW-S6-01 08.30.680 119.33.992 x o x

SYK-S6-01 08 30 574 119 42 178 x o x

SYK-S6-02 08 30 574 119 42 000 x o x

SAB-B6-01 08 31 687 119 34 670 x o x

SYB-B6-01 08 30 258 119 42 694 x o x

SKM-B6-01 08 43 953 119 24 964 x o x

SKM-B6-02 08 44 .030 119 25 081 x o x

TWB-B6-01 08 31 688 119 38 164 x o x

TWB-S1-009 TBA x o x

LBY- TBA x o x

/ Visual inpsection

x Underwater inspection & cleaning

o Maintenance work

19 

Mooring Buoy Inspection Form Form 2a

Page 2 of 15

Insp. Date

Vessel:

Visual

Inspection

Action

TakenTeam:

Floa

ts

Pick

up &

buo

y lin

es

Moo

ring

Line

Gro

und tack

le

Clean

ed

Repa

ired

Take

n ou

t of ser

vice

Furthe

r wor

k re

quired

?

Visual

Inspection

Action

Taken

Buoy No. Lat Lon CommentsGLB-B2-01 08 29 633 119 33 088

GLB-B2-02 08 29 635 119 32 995

GLD-B6-01 08 28 603 119 33 373

GLD-S6-01 08 28 430 119 32 000

GLL-B2-01 08 26 852 119 34 787

GLL-B2-02 08 26 787 199 34 161

GLL-S2-01 08 26 901 119 34 080

GLS-B6-01 08 27 548 119 33 963

KKM-B2-01 08.36.702 119.29.178

KKM-S6-01 08.38.760 119.29.030

KRC-S6-01 08 36 400 119 46 307

LBY-B6-01 08 37 675 119 42 625

LBY-B6-02 08 38 237 119 42 935

LDS-B2-01 8 47 314 119 39 476

LDS-B2-2 8 47 389 119 40 396

LDS-B2-03 8 47 165 119 40 222

LLG-B6-01 08 34 512 119 30 722

LLG-B6-03 08 34 483 119 30 130

LLG-B6-04 08 34 439 119 30 230

LLG-S6-01 08 34 326 119 29 989

LLG-S6-01 08 34 281 119 29 998

LSR-B6-01 08.44.569 119.27.424

20 

Mooring B

uoy S

ort

ie W

ork

Lis

tFo

rm

3b

Page 8

of 15

Schedule

d

Sort

ie D

ate

Vessel:

Team

:Anchor

Manta

Ris

er

Lin

eBuoys

Anch

orD

-sha

ckle

1

Anch

or C

hain

D-s

hack

le 2

Man

ta A

ncho

r

Anch

or c

hain

D-s

hack

le 2

Ris

er C

hain

D-s

hack

le 3

Swiv

elD

-sha

ckle

4

Thim

ble M

ain

rope Ey

e

Mai

n bu

oy r

ope

mai

n Bu

oyPi

ck-u

p bu

oy r

ope

Pick

-up

buoy

Buoy N

o.

Lat

Lon

Com

ments

GLB-B

2-0

108 2

9 6

33

119 3

3 0

88

GLB-B

2-0

208 2

9 6

35

119 3

2 9

95

GLD

-B6-0

108 2

8 6

03

119 3

3 3

73

GLD

-S6-0

108 2

8 4

30

119 3

2 0

00

GLL-

B2-0

108 2

6 8

52

119 3

4 7

87

GLL-

B2-0

208 2

6 7

87

199 3

4 1

61

GLL-

S2-0

108 2

6 9

01

119 3

4 0

80

GLS-B

6-0

108 2

7 5

48

119 3

3 9

63

KKM

-B2-0

108.3

6.7

02

119.2

9.1

78

KKM

-S6-0

108.3

8.7

60

119.2

9.0

30

KRC-S

6-0

108 3

6 4

00

119 4

6 3

07

LBY-B

6-0

108 3

7 6

75

119 4

2 6

25

LBY-B

6-0

208 3

8 2

37

119 4

2 9

35

LD

S-B

2-0

18 4

7 3

14

119 3

9 4

76

LD

S-B

2-2

8 4

7 3

89

119 4

0 3

96

LD

S-B

2-0

38 4

7 1

65

119 4

0 2

22

LLG

-B6-0

108 3

4 5

12

119 3

0 7

22

LLG

-B6-0

308 3

4 4

83

119 3

0 1

30

LLG

-B6-0

408 3

4 4

39

119 3

0 2

30

LLG

-S6-0

108 3

4 3

26

119 2

9 9

89

LLG

-S6-0

108 3

4 2

81

119 2

9 9

98

LSR-B

6-0

108.4

4.5

69

119.2

7.4

24