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Monterey Bay Experiment Plan

COAST

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Monterey Experiment to Collect Simulated HES-CW data

• There are no existing data sets that include all the key attributes of HES-CW data:– Spectral coverage (.38 – 1.0 m)– High signal-to-noise ratio (>300:1 prefer >900:1, for ocean radiances for

300 m binned data)– High spatial resolution (<150 m, bin to 300 m) – Hourly or better revisit

• Propose field experiments in FY2006-2008 to develop the required data sets for HES-CW algorithm and model development.

• Airborne system:– Hyperspectral imager that can be binned to the HES-CW bands– Flown at high altitude for minimum of 10 km swath– Endurance to collect repeat flight lines every half hour for up to 6 hours– SAMSON

• Proposed experimental site:– September 5-15, 2006 Monterey Bay (coastal upwelling, HABs)

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Monterey Experiment to collect simulated HES-CW data

• Experimental Design– Choose sites with IOOS or other long term monitoring and modeling

activities– Intensive effort for 2 weeks to assure that all essential parameters are

measured:- Supplement standard measurements at the site with shipboard or

mooring measurements of water-leaving radiance, optical properties and products expected from HES-CW algorithms,- Additional atmospheric measurements as needed to validate

atmospheric correction parameters,- As needed, enhance modeling efforts to include bio-optical models

that will utilize HES-CW data.– Aircraft overflights for at least three clear days and one partially cloudy

day (to evaluate cloud clearing) during the two week period. - High altitude to include 90% or more of the atmosphere- 30 min repeat flight lines for up to 6 hours to provide a time series for

models and to evaluate changes with time of day (illumination, phytoplankton physiology, etc.)

• All data to be processed and then distributed over the Web for all users and partners (Francisco Chavez, MBARI) to test and evaluate algorithms and models.

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Remote Sensing questions to address

• Image at best Rrs angles• Image at GOES-R satellite measurement geometry• Image most stable site to see phyto-physiology changes over the day (at M0

mooring 75 m depth, good optics, currents, etc.)• Image an area with strong tidal influence to see changes over a tidal cycle• Image an area with a red tide?

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Experiment Resources

• Aircraft for 6 flight days 6 hrs per day.• R/V John Martin 7 ship days over the two weeks?• R/V Shana Rae for first week only?• Small boats for the entire two weeks?• Lab space (14C, HPLC, pad absorptions, instrument prep, etc. (use MLML El

Norte)• Space for basing the gliders? (Schofield out of MLML boat house?)• Space for instrument repair and calibration. (use MLML El Norte)• Space for basing the aircraft? (Marina Airport; site for data system. Check

with Jeff Paduan for a site in Marina)• Space for daily group meeting in evening to review data and plan next day

experiment? ( El Norte or MB06 site?)• Lodging, motels or rent a house or some of both (Pajaro Dunes Condos)

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One Day in the Experiment

• Assume clear morning and sunrise at 0700• Aircraft takes off at 0700– First data at 0730– Repeat 20 km square (approximately ½ of the Bay) every 30 min - 0730, 0800, 0830, 0900- Skip one repeat and do staked collection- 1000,1030,1100,1130,1200- Additional measurements for atmospheric correction, etc.

– Land at 1300• R/V Martin– Occupy one Station for profiles for each overflight?– Alternatively underway data collection or combination of stations every

other overflight and underway in between.• Glider collecting underway data.• Mooring data (Francisco Chavez, MBARI)• Seagrass beds should be part of the overflight area. Elkhorn Slough?• Data processed and in data system in 48? Hrs. Models later.

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Atmospheric Measurements

• NRL Monterey lidar, CIMAL or Voss bring his. • UCSC measurements?• Sun Photometers on ship (NRL Microtops, cross cal with the CIMAL)• Aircraft staked measurements• Other sensors on aircraft? No.

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Airborne Measurements

• Paul Bissett (FERI, 2 people on plane)– SAMSON, Digital Camera– Cover 20 x 20 km area (roughly ½ the Bay) in 28 min.– 6 hr flight, repeat every 30 min, except for special staked imaging, or

other for atmospheric correction.– Data binned to 10 m spatial and 10 nm spectral resolution (or HES-CW

channels.– Data geolocated– Data calibrated– Data atmospherically corrected using Tafkaa (Marcos Montes, NRL to be

there) • Airport for plane (Marina?)• lab space for processing system including two operators (FERI) and 1 NRL

(for atmospheric correction) for data processing and analysis at MBARI Paul to arrange

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Gliders

• Oscar Schofield (launch from a small boat, it will be in the water before the experiment)

• Particle Glider– covers 20-30 km per day– Transmits by freewave, Irridium, Argos– Controlled from lab at Rutgers – we can request special mapping.– Two wet labs pucks 3bb channels, 1 fluorescence channel– Beam-c at 660 nm (25 cm)

• Lab for glider preparation and data analysis as needed e.g. if battery runs out.

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In-Water Optics

• Bob Arnone (NRL group, 2 people on ship or 3??)• POWR IOP profiling package (on Shana Rae)– Filtered and unfiltered a-c9s– a-cS– Hydroscatt-6– CTD– Water bottles– fluorometer– CDOM fluorometer

• Above water remote sensing reflectance• Water samples are available for HPLC, etc. but NRL will not be doing those

measurements.• Ken Voss (1) NURADS• Mike Ondrusek (1) AOPs?

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Chuck Trees Measurements

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Dariusz Stramski and Rick Reynolds Measurements

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Chlorophyll, fluorescence and productivity

• Ricardo Letelier (2)• Heidi Sosik (1)• On the R/V John Martin:– FRRF (flow thru mode) and PAM (discrete mode)– FLH– Imaging flow system

• Water samples collected, filtered and frozen for:– HPLC pigments – Chlorophyll fluorometry– Filter absorption pads– POC?– Nutrients (Kudela)– 14C productivity, P vs. I curves?

• Lab space to process these samples including 14C productivity

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Benthic productivity

• Heidi Dierssen– Independent in Small Boat– Seagrass productivity– Kelp?

• Need lab and diver support space?

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Coastal Carbon Budget

• Pete Strutton– One person on R/V Martin– Flow though PCO2 system – one on shore

• Lab space

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R/V John Martin total compliment

• NRL (2 people)– IOP profiling package– Above Water Rrs– Water samples for Chl, Pad absorptions productivity, etc.

• Voss (1 person) NURADS• Ondrusek (1 person) AOPs • Sosik (1 person)– Imaging flow system

• Letelier (1 person)– 14C productivity– FRRF underway, FLH, chlorophyll fluorometry,

• Strutton (1 person) – Underway PCO2 (maintain underway system)

• Kudela (1 person)– Underway system– Nutrients from bottles (shore lab)

• Chief Scientist? • Total 8-9; ship holds9?

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R/V John Martin Wire Time

• POWR package and water retrieval (15 min)– Can operate as a free fall package or on a wire

• NURADS floats away from the ship (2 min to deploy and recover)• HTSRB floats away from the ship (2 min to deploy and recover)• APO profiler (10 min?)• Others?

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R/V John Martin Water

For each bottle sample depth need water for:• HPLC (500 mls)• Fluorometric Chlorophyll (50 mls)• Filter pad absorptions (200 mls)• POC (500 mls)• Suspended Sediments (500 mls)• Nutrients (50 mls)• Microscopy (50 mls)• 14C productivity (200 mls)• Total 2 l (plan on 3-4 l)

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Additional Small Boats

• Dierssen– Seagrasses and kelp

• Schofield– Gliders

• Others??• Run samples back From R/V Martin for analysis?

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R/V Shana Rae Compliment

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R/V Shana Rae wire time and water

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Lab Requirements

Space to store and process samples for:• Pigments– Fluorometric– HPLC

• 14C productivity• Nutrients• Pad absorptions• POC• Suspended Sediments• Flow Cytometer• Others??• Ship instrument preparation and service• Glider preparations and service.• Space for data analysis and processing ship, and aircraft data.• Where will we have lab space? (use MLML El Norte)

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Bio-Optical Models

• John Kindle (NRL)• Others??

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Demo Data System

• Paul BIssett (FERI) to host, OSU (Letelier) to have mirror site• SAMSON data– Geolocated– Calibrated– Atmospherically corrected – binned to 10 m GSD and 10 nm spectral (or HES-CW channels)

• In-water data– All types– Geolocated to the images

• Atmospheric data• Links to associated data from existing moorings, models, etc. • Also hosted at MBARI

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HABs

• Identify HABs during experiment and link to the experimental data.– Look for unique signature, algorithm to identify HABs from the data

collected– Feed into the development of HAB models

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Monterey Marine Sanctuary and Elkhorn Slough

• Talk with managers and collect appropriate data for demonstration• Marsh algorithms – involve Chip Bachmann?• Look at flight lines– Is hourly data useful for the Elkhorn Slough – tides?– Sample on one day only?– Sanctuary – sample entire Bay at least once?