Proteins     Monomer   Examples  &  

Function  Structure  Molecular  Shape  

           Proteins  

Contains  N  and  some  have  S,  along  with  C,  H,  O    _______  bonds  link  _______  _______  into  chains  called  ________.    H-‐bonds  cause  a  protein  to  _______  into  a  certain  shape.    __________  makes  each  amino  acid  unique.    ________=unfold=bad  

 

Functions:  § Hormones  

w ___________  among  body  systems  

w Insulin  (hormone  that  controls  blood  sugar  levels)  

§ Movement  w Muscle  and  cell  movements  w _________  and  _________  in  

muscles  § Immune  system  w Identify  self  and  non  self  substances  

w _____________  on  cell  surfaces  § Enzymes  

w Lower  activation  __________  of  chemical  reactions  (energy  needed  to  start  reaction)  

w _________  (digestive  enzymes  in  stomach)  

Primary:    

Secondary:    Helices  &  pleats  

Tertiary:    3-‐D  structure  

Quaternary:  Final  complex  shape  

 

The wrong amino acid can

change the structure and

function

Carbohydrates          Monosaccharide              à                Disaccharide                  à          Polysaccharide  Structure

 

Function    

Quick  energy  

 

Structure

 

Function    

Source  of  monosac-‐charides  

Structure    

 

Function    

Energy  &  structure  

Polysaccharides  Ca   Monomer   Function   Structure  

Molecular  Shape  Energy  Source  for:  

 Starch  

 Glucose    

_________  storage  for    _________.  

 

Plants,  animals  

 Glycogen  

 Glucose    

_________  storage  for    _________.      

animals  

 Cellulose  

 Glucose    

Rigid  cell  wall  _________  for  _________.    

herbivores  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lipids     Function   Structure  

Molecular  Shape  Triglycerides  

 Unsaturated  

Fats  

• Energy  storage  for  _________  (oils)  

• Usable  ___________      

 Saturated  Fats  

• Energy  storage  for  _________  (lard,  blubber,  cream)  

• Usable  ___________    

Structural  Lipids    

Phospholipids  Forms  a  ___________  between  _______  and  the  outside.    

 Waxes  

Protection  from  ______  loss  and  weather  (on  fruits,  leaves,  fur,  etc)    

 Steroids  

__________  that  control  metabolism,  immunity,  sexual  characteristics,  healing      

 Cholesterol  

Production  of  Vit  D,  bile,    hormones,  and  cell  membrane  support    

Nucleic  Acids   Function:    Contain  instructions  to  build  _____________.    Stores  and  transfers  genetic  information.    RNA’s  also  can  be  catalytic  and  have  other  regulatory  roles  in  cells.  

Type   Monomer   Bases   Structure      

DNA  

_____________  

   

• ________  nucleotide  chain  

• N  bases  form  _________  joining  2  strands  

• A-‐____  and  C-‐___  • Double  ________  

   

RNA  

_____________  

   

• ________  nucleotide  chain  

 

Nucleic Acids

Contain detailed

instructions to build proteins

Polymers made up of

monomers called

nucleotides

Composed of a sugar,

phosphate group and

nitrogen base

DNA RNA

Nucleic Acids

Contain detailed

instructions to build proteins

Polymers made up of

monomers called

nucleotides

Composed of a sugar,

phosphate group and

nitrogen base

DNA RNA

Double  bonds  with  fewer  ____________  

Maximum  number  of  ____________