Monitoring Prime Concern of Educational

Program

Session

Monitoring and supervision at a glance Objectives Historical background Present practice Monitoring in TYIP and SSR Issues Next steps

Monitoring

Monitoring is a continuing function that aims primarily to provide managers and main stakeholders with regular feedback and early indications of progress lack thereof in the achievement of intended results.

Monitoring cont.

It tracks the actual performance or situation against what was planned or expected according to pre determined standards.

It makes people accountable toHigher authorityLegal provisionsPeer/ProfessionalAll stakeholders

Monitoring cont.

It involves collecting and analyzing data on implementation process, implementation strategy, results and recommending corrective measures

Objectives

To ensure evidence based or informed decision making,

To assess how the intended beneficiaries have received and are using the outputs, services and products,

To provide information on whether planned outputs have been delivered in time and in the right quantity and quality,

To provide information for improving the planning and implementation process.

Historical Background

Development and use of M & E by UN system and some member countries in 1960-70,

In beginning M & E is concentrated on investment, service delivery and output rather than outcome and impact

In 1980 it is taken as the important means of result oriented development projects

In Nepal

Fifth plan started M & E process

Eighth plan made it a system of development program

Present M & E system was implemented by the cabinet decision taken in 2049-4-8

Institutional Set Up

National level committee chaired by PM Ministry level committee chaired by

minister Monitoring division in PC M & E division in MOE P & M division in DOE Monitoring section in MOE & DOE.

Present Practice

MOE with monitoring division is overall responsible for monitoring in policy level

M &E section in the MOE collects monthly, trimester and annual progress reports from central level organizations, held discussions compile and submit to PC

M & S section in DOE monitors district level program implementation progress, collects monthly, trimester and annual progress reports compile and submit to the ministry

Present Practice Cont.

DOE prepares FMR and submit to MOE, DP focal points and other relevant authorities.

DOE also publish the Status Report of all implemented educational programs based on the report of the 75 districts.

In district level SSs and RPs are the main hand of monitoring and supervision

DEO also prepare FMR and Statue Report In School level SMC & PTA are responsible for

Monitoring and Supervision

FMR – base of transparency

Actual expenditure Activity wise financial and physical

progress Analysis of the achievement with reason 75 districts prepare the report

Status Report

Overall status of implemented program Program implementation modalities Documentation of good practices Expression of emerging issues and field

level problems Adopted ways for resolving the problems

Monitoring in TYIP

Partnership with local authority, teacher’s professional organization, NGOs, civil society and schools for monitoring and supervision

Monitoring and supervision network development from center to school level for enhancing monitoring and supervision

Enhancement of EMIS

Monitoring in SSR

The SSR plan is to improve efficiency, in education, aiming at EFA, MDG goals to reach parity in gender and inclusion and ensure equitable access to quality education through a holistic school sector approach.

Monitoring in SSR cont.

The main reform in SSR is structural and functional integration of the education system improving internal efficiency, and harmonization of policy functions in the sector with a focus on ensuring quality and excellence in education.

For this monitoring & evaluation system should be well functioning

Purpose of M & E in SSR

The main purpose of M&E is to improve service delivery through informed decisions by tracking achievements against SSR targets, objectives and goals at every level of service delivery and management.

Purpose of M & E in SSR Cont.

Another purpose is to improve the planning and implementation processes and to assess the contribution of SSR to achieving national development goals.

Function of M & E in SSR

Three major M&E functions include: Assessing compliance with acts and

regulations (Compliance Monitoring); Measuring progress against milestones

and targets (Progress Monitoring); and Evaluating the impact of policies and

strategies on sector goals and objectives (Impact Evaluation).

Function of M & E in SSR Cont.

At the national, regional, district, village and municipal, and school levels, SSR M & E system will track, monitor, assess, and evaluate financial, management, and technical matters for service management and service delivery.

Guiding Principle of M & E System

Results will be clearly defined at every level The ERO will carry out external audit of the

system against the defined results. Participatory monitoring system will be

developed ICT will be used to improve the processing of

large quantity of data FMR system will be strengthened to improve

accountability and transparency at every level.

Accountability chain

who To whom For what How

Teacher

Student & HT

Student learning and School standard

Performance assessment

Head teacher

SMC School performance and quality assurance

Performance contract and Social audit

SMC Parents & Local Govt.

School Performance & Regulatory compliance

Selection/election, social audit, resource allocation

Accountability chain Cont.

who To whom For what How

VDC & Local government

Parents, constituency, central government

Fulfillment of enabling condition, adequate access and full participation

Election & resource allocation

Central government & MOE

Parliament Resourcing, policy guidelines, strategic options

Election

Implementation arrangement

MOE and DOE will coordinate and carry out the M&E functions at central level.

At the district and local level, DEOs, RCs and schools will be responsible for the M&E functions along with the local government.

Implementation arrangement Cont.

Central level EPC in the ministry, ERO prepares and submits the report to the

minister on progress of education quality perspective,

DOE in central level monitors the program, Joint review and consultation mission Research studies and survey

Implementation arrangement cont.

Regional level RED is responsible for enabling district

and will provide technical support to district.

RED monitors program implementation in the districts for quality assurance and ensuring children’s learning.

Implementation arrangement cont.

District level Local government is responsible for

monitoring and evaluation DEC tracks progress against targets DEC conducts reviews on how schools are

implementing the reform programs. RC plays greater roles in instructional

monitoring DOE plays the facilitating role in monitoring

Implementation arrangement cont.

School level SMC is the apex body at the school level

for monitoring progress against SIP and reports to the local government and parents.

The HT is responsible for executing the school program and reporting to the SMC

Implementation arrangement cont.

The head teacher a lead professional in school will: Set school level targets and produce results Monitor students’ progress and learning Define teacher performance targets including

instructional practices & learning achievement Set code of conduct for inclusive behavior Develop strategies for improving teacher

performance leading to improved student achievement

supervision

It is a leadership. In performing this role, the supervisor diagnoses teacher performance needs, and guides them, assists, suggests, supports and consults with the teacher (Marcia K. K)

Basically supervision is for improving instructional activities in classroom ultimately to increase student learning achievement.

Supervision cont.

It is a service particularly concerned with instruction and help to develop and produce educational activities in the school (CERID)

It is total school operation (Peter F. Olive) It is teaching to teach

Supervision model

In school supervision= School heads play pivotal role in teacher development (Leithwood, Farah)

External supervision= supervise process, output and outcome as well (Hopkins)

Individual and team supervision (Sergiovanni) Interschool supervision= the creation of special

cadre of supervisory teachers who would combine for supervision in neighboring school with regular teaching in their school (Waite)

Asian Practice

Individual supervision Bangladesh and India

Team supervision Korea and Sri Lanka

Two member at a time Korea

10-12 members at a time

Sri Lanka

Asian Practice Cont.

Bangladesh 56.2%

Korea 45.5%

Uttar Pradesh 70%

Sri Lanka 39.7%

Issues

Is the monitoring priority program in our system ? Does our decision makers care the monitoring

and supervision report ? Inspectorate is mainly engaged in visiting district

and school in spite of formulating policy, strategy and functions of M & E in education

Desk monitoring system established in DOE is almost functionless

Issues Cont.

M & S section in DOE is busy in preparing progress report rather than monitoring the program implementation status in district

DEO is busy in implementing program SSs are de-motivated RPs are responsible for instructional monitoring

but less attention to their capacity building Monitoring network in the district and RC level is

less active

Issues Cont.

SMC and PTA is less aware of monitoring and supervision

Is our HT informed or ready to shoulder this responsibility

Creating demand for monitoring by local community

Capacity building at every level

Next steps

Needs of equal emphasis on program implementation and monitoring

Strengthening Inspectorate as a policy level division

M & E section in the ministry needs to coordinate for overall monitoring and reporting of all educational program

Each section of DOE should be responsible for monitoring their program

Next steps Cont.

M & S section is for coordinating the overall monitoring activities in the department and reporting to the ministry and other relevant authority

RED is to lead the monitoring activities at the regional level

Making the SS responsible for program monitoring as well as instructional supervision

Developing RPs as instructional supervisor

Next steps Cont.

Promoting school based monitoring with the involvement of SMC & PTA

Having a system of implementing the recommendation given by the monitors

Overall monitoring of the school level activities is the responsibility of the local authority. Therefore make them aware of all educational program.

Advocacy and awareness raising on monitoring at local level

Thank you