Monitoring of toxicants in the surface water in Poland Ewa Szalińska Cracow University of...

Monitoring of toxicants in the surface

water in Poland

Ewa Szalińska

Cracow University of Technology, Poland

curriculum in natural environmental science, 2005

Contents:

• Monitoring of the aquatic environment in Poland• Water quality legislation • Toxicants in legislation acts • Toxicants in monitoring practice • The upper Dunajec watershed as an example of

surface water monitoring• Conclusions


air, water, waste, soils, radiation, noise, nature,

forests

air, water, waste

ThePolishState

MonitoringSystem

Quality of Environment

Emission

Assessments & Forecasts

The Polish State Monitoring System


area: 312,000 km2

population: 38,5 millions

Map of Poland


Surface water monitoring

Diagnostic monitoring

Operational monitoring

Monitoring of water sensitive to eutrophication

Monitoring of water quality in respect of protection fish,

crustaceans and molluscs existence


The monitoring network for running water quality


Surface water quality classes

Class I – very good quality

Class II – good quality

Class III – satisfactory quality

Class IV – unsatisfactory quality

Class V – poor quality


Measured toxicants

Inorganic substances

Metals and metalloids

Organic contaminants

cyanide, fluoride

As, Ba, B, Crtot, Cr+6,Zn, Al, Cd, Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb,

Hg, Se, Fe

phenols, pesticide, mineral oils, anion-active

detergents, PAH


Permissible levels of selected toxicants

Parameter Unit Surface water

I – V Classes

Fish protection

Chromium

tot

+6

mg L-1

mg L-1

0.05 – 0.10

0.02 – 0.04

-

-

Copper mg L-1 0.02 – 0.10 0.04

Mercury mg L-1 0.0005 – 0.005 -

Pesticides g L-1 0.1 – 5.0 -

PAH g L-1 0.01 – 1.0 -

Oil hydrocarbons mg L-1 - 3


Map of the upper Dunajec watershed


The Czorsztyn reservoir


Localisation of sampling sites in the Czorszyn reservoir watershed


05

10152025

94

.01

.02

94

.02

.02

94

.03

.05

94

.04

.05

94

.05

.06

94

.06

.06

94

.07

.07

94

.08

.07

94

.09

.07

94

.10

.08

94

.11

.08

94

.12

.09

sampling date

Cl m

g L

-1

24 12 6 4mean 24 mean 12 mean 6 mean 4

Cl concentration (1994) at sampling site 2

Symbols described in the legend: total 24 samples and samples selected for subsets of n =12 , 6, and 4. Horizontal lines show mean

concentration calculated from all 24 samples and the subsets


0

5

10

15

20

25

24 12 6 4

number of samples

me

an

Cl m

g L

-1

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Mean annual Cl concetrations at sampling site 2with the confidence intervals at probability level 0.95.

Means determined from the sets of 4, 6, 12 and 24 samples.


Date

Individual samples

g L-1

Daily mean

g L-1

Two-hourly

mean

g L-1

November 8, 2001

November 12, 2001

89.2

29.4

5.99

6.27

-

-

December 6, 2001

December 7, 2001

-

-

6.33

6.86

3.39

6.26

Cr concentrations at sampling site 1 in 2001 determined

by the State Monitoring (n=4) and the CUT (n=12)


Chromium in the Dunajec river

sections

sampling

filtration

method

determination

The State Monitoring

1, 2, 3

once a month

0,45 m

CAdSV

Cr tot, Cr+6

2, 3

4 times a year

non-calibrated filters

FAAS

Cr tot

CUT


Cr concentrations in the upper Dunajec catchment

Crtot [g/l]

100

50

100

50

CUT The StateMonitoring

nd 9.0 3.0

42.2

2.0

89.2


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Jan Mar Apr May Jul Oct Nov Dec

tota

l C

r g

L-1

Sampling site 1 Sampling site 2 Sampling site 3

Total Cr concentrations in the Dunajec river (monthly average) in 2001


Conclusions:

• Detailed identification of water pollution local problems

• Adaptation of the monitoring programmes to local needs

• Evaluation of the effectiveness of management actions

• Updating the list of toxicants to be monitored (especially organic micro-pollutants)


References:

Biblioteka Monitoringu Środowiska, Reports on the enviornment status and trends, http://www.pios.gov.pl/

Ministry of the Environment, Ordinances on environmental protection http://www.mos.gov.pl/

The State of Environment in Poland 1996–2001 Report, Warsaw 2003

Szalińska, E. 2001 Jakość powierzchniowych wód płynących w zlewni górnego Dunajca w latach 1995-1998. Gospodarka Wodna, 3, 114-8

Szalińska, E., 2002 Transformation of chromium in the water environment contaminated with tannery wastewater. Monographs of Politechnika Krakowska (CUT), Environmental Engineering issue, 283.

http://www.zzw-niedzica.com.pl


http://www.pios.gov.pl/

http://www.mos.gov.pl/

http://www.zzw-niedzica.com.pl/

Monitoring of toxicants in the surface water in Poland Ewa Szalińska Cracow University of...

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