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Monitoring deep-water fisheries: Contributions to the assessment of deep-water marine biodiversity

José Angel Alvarez PerezCTTMar – UNIVALI

South Atlantic MAR-ECO workshop6-7 September 2006

Balneário Camboriu – Santa Catarina, Brazil

http://www.mar-eco.no/

• Our understanding on biodiversity patterns in the deep-water habitats off the Brazilian coast is still largely incomplete

• In the last 50 years preliminary inventories have been produced mostly as byproducts of scientific programs designed to explore potential fishing resources outside traditional fishing areas

• Such initiatives have also followed the need to comply international agreements. e.g. REVIZEE (1995 –2005)

From Ferreira et al., 2005 - REVIZEE

Know to fish approach




• In 1998, the Brazilian Government launched a deep-water fishing development policy in an attempt to accelerate the occupation of the outer bounds of Brazilian EEZ and induce its economic exploitation

• This policy stimulated the chartering of foreign vessels by national companies and an intense monitoring of these deep-water operations.

• Such actions would allow:

(a) the improvement of knowledge on potential resources and international markets

(b) The evaluation of large-scale deep-water fishing operations profitability

(c) The absorption of adequate technologies for deep-water fishing, handling and processing

Fish to know approach




• Monitoring deep-water fishing involved two intensive data collection tools:

• VMS• Observers

• Specific programs were designed for the implementation of such tools for the entire chartered fleet as part of scientific cooperation programs with UNIVALI

• Since 2000, all hauls of all trips of every vessel, have been monitored as to provide information on:

• Fishing, handling, processing technology• Catch• Effort• Fishing areas• Biological samples (catch / bycatch)




CATCH EFFORT

CPUEPOPULATION

STRUCTURE

BIOMASS ASSESSMENTS

MANAGEMENT PLANS

TACsEffort limitationsGear limitations

Bycatch limitationsNo-fishing areas

BYCATCH

ECOSSYSTEM IMPACTS

MARINE BIODIVERSITY INVENTORIES

OBSERVERS




ADVANTAGES

• Intensive sampling – large numbers of trips, hauls – Many opportunities to collect samples• Large areas – variety of habitats• Continuous sampling (seasons, years etc..)• Abundant material• Organisms vulnerable to a variety of samplers

DISADVANTAGES

• Fishing impacts (sampling derives from fishing effort)• “Biased” spatial sampling (no good for community description)• On board identification and material collection limitations




OBSERVERS

• Collection of specimens• Conservation, packing• On board identification• Photograph/ Video documentation

GEP SCIENTISTS

• Sample screening• Preliminary identification (major groups)• Specimens preparation• Identification requests - Taxonomists

TAXONOMISTS

• Identification of specimens• Lists of identified taxa• Taxonomic collections

BYCATCH LISTS

BIODIVERSITYINVENTORIES




Bycatch Lists

• From 2000 to 2005 a total of 319 fishing trips have been monitored by Observers who provided information on 29359 hauls conducted on Brazilian deep areas

• A total of 356 taxa has been identified so far, but a large body of information (80 – 90% of data collected) is still being processed principally from the trawl fishery

Gillnet Pot Trawl Long Line Total

Number of vessels 10 8 11 5 34Number of trips 85 102 101 31 319

Number of Hauls 3850 8079 16531 899 29359

TaxaPorifera 3 3 2 0 8Cnidaria 32 34 2 0 68Annelida 6 6 0 0 12Mollusca 9 1 17 0 27Crustacea 16 21 30 0 67

Echinodermata 16 13 7 0 36Elasmobranchs 33 0 4 6 43

Teleosts 27 3 38 15 83Turtles 2 0 0 0 2Birds 5 0 0 1 6

Cetaceans 4 0 0 0 4

Total 153 81 100 22 356




Gillnet Fishery

• Target: Monkfish (Lophiusgastrophysus)

• Period: 2000 – 2002• Area: 23 - 43°S / 250 – 700 m• A total of 153 taxa were identified in the

gill net fishery bycatch-54.00 -52.00 -50.00 -48.00 -46.00 -44.00 -42.00

-36.00

-35.00

-34.00

-33.00

-32.00

-31.00

-30.00

-29.00

-28.00

-27.00

-26.00

-25.00

-24.00

-23.00

-22.00

-21.00

sub-área 1

sub-área 2

sub-área 3100 m

200 m500 m

Terceiro trimestreEsforço (redes.horas)

0 a 46000

46000 a 92000

92000 a 138000

138000 a 184000

184000 a 230000




0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

Mor

talit

y (n

umbe

rs)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Sp.

/Mon

kfis

h

2 4 6 8 10 12 Ln mean weight

TL

Sd GhHk

Tl Wf

Sk

AnSh

Ch

Sp

CrMlEc

Bd CtTt

Gillnet Fishery

• Main Bycatch: Mobile benthic crabs (Chaceon, Rochinia), large K-strategists (Poliprion, Squatina)




55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31

Longitude W

39

38

37

36

35

34

33

32

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

Long

itude

S

RioGrande

Itajaí

CananéiaSantos

Rio deJaneiro

Atlantic Ocean

Laguna

Vitória

Red crab

Royal crab(South)

Royal crab(Southeast)

Brazil

Chaceonnotialis Chaceon ramosae

Pot Fishery• IN SEAP/PR 4, 5, 4 May

2005• TACs, Effort, Escape Panels




Trawl Fishery• Outer Shelf Fishery – Multispecific• Upper Slope Fishery – Hake, Gulf Hake, Silver John Dory, Argentine Squid• Lower Slope Fishery – Deep-water Shrimp

250 m

500 m




Aristaeopsis edwardsiana“carabinero”

Aristaeomorpha foliacea“moruno”

54.0 52.0 50.0 48.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 38.0Longitude W

34.0

32.0

30.0

28.0

26.0

24.0

22.0

Latit

ude

SChuí

Rio Grande

Cabo deSanta Marta

Itajaí

Cananéia

Santos

Rio de Janeiro

OceanoAtlântico

200 m

100 m

Camarão carabineiroAristaeopsis edwardsiana

Kg/lance

0 a 40 40 a 80 80 a 120 120 a 170




GEP collaborators

• 12 taxonomists of 9 research institutions have provided identifications and support to bycatch studies and produced taxonomic and biodiversity studies with specimens collected by deep-water fisheries

Institution Taxonomist GroupMZUSP Dr. G. Melo Crustacea

Dr. M. Tavares Crustacea

Univ. Mackenzie Dr. G. Melo Fo. Crustacea

MN/UFRJ Dr. C. Castro Cnidaria/ coralsDr. D. Pires Cnidaria/ corals

FUNDESPA Dr. L. Tommasi Equinodermata

FURG Dr. F. D'Incao Crustacea/ shrimpsDr. M. Haimovici Cephalopoda

CEPSUL/ IBAMA Dr. R. dos Santos Cephalopoda

FZRS Dr. C. Lerner PoriferaDr. B. Mothes Porifera

Univ. Açores Dr. J. Barreiros Piscis




Melo-Filho & Melo, 2004

Tavares & Melo, 2005

Andrade et al., 2004Barreiros et al. 2004

• New taxa • New Geographic

recordsdescribed form deep-sea

fisheries




GEP - UNIVALI team

Dr. José Angel Alvarez PerezDr. Humber Agrelli de Andrade

MSc. Marcelo Rodrigues-RibeiroDr. Paulo Ricardo Pezzuto

Dr. Paulo Ricardo SchwingelMsc. Roberto Wahrlich

Colaborators - UNIVALI

Dr. André BarretoDr. Joaquim Olinto BrancoDr. Maurício Hostim Silva

Funding

MA/ SARC/ 03/ 2000MAPA/ SARC/ 03/ 2001

MAPA/ SARC/ DENACOP/ 176/ 2002SEAP/ PR/ 01/ 2003SEAP/ PR/ 78/ 2004SEAP/ PR/ 64/ 2005

CONCLUDING REMARKS

• Deep-water fishery development has recently started in Brazil

• A large effort. involving governmental agencies and scientists. has been directed to maintaining this development within sustainable limits

• This effort has included intense fishing monitoring, using new “tools” such as observers and VMS, massive data collection and fast assessments

• It also provides the opportunity to redirect information for biodiversity studies

• It is mandatory that we make the best possible use of this opportunity through all possible partnerships, with either Brazilian and international institutions, to this end.






• How can we contribute to a Southern MAR – ECO?

• Motivation to learn about seamount ecosystems –

subsidies to MPAs

• Motivation to explore potential fishing in International Waters

• UNIVALI – Fishery Studies Group

Attractive to the interests of Brazilian/ South American Fishing & Environmental Agencies

• Marine Mammals Data bank




• MPAs – Sea Mounts

-54 -53 -52 -51 -50 -49 -48 -47 -46 -45 -44 -43 -42 -41 -40 -39 -38 -37 -36 -35 -34 -33 -32 -31 -30

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Lances

Kg/

h

Platô do Ceará

Banco Sirius (CFN)

Banco B (CFN)

Monte 1 Monte 2

Leslie DeLury Leslie DeLury

Num réplicas 500 500 500 500

Biomassa (t)

Mínimo 91,4 121,2 230,1 229,3

Máximo 193,0 188,0 356,4 332,9

Mediana 144,5 140,3 275,9 274,7

Média 145,1 141,7 278,7 276,2

Erro Padrão 0,6 0,4 0,8 0,8

Desvio Padrão 13,8 9,3 18,9 17,9

C.V. 9,5% 6,6% 6,8% 6,5

Escape %

Mediana 14,9 12,4 40,0 39,7

Média 14,4 12,9 40,3 39,9

q

Mediana 0,00154 0,00149 0,00111 0,00113

Média 0,00161 0,00150 0,00111 0,00113

Epinephelus nigritus




• International Waters – fishing grounds


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