Mona AL-Kahtani. Measure the students proficiency in grammar ranging from inflection to syntax. Mona...
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Transcript of Mona AL-Kahtani. Measure the students proficiency in grammar ranging from inflection to syntax. Mona...
Mona AL-Kahtani
Measure the students proficiency in grammar ranging from inflection to syntax.
Mona AL-Kahtani
Much ESL teaching has been based on
grammar.
There is a general agreement on what test.
Errors in grammar are easily identified.
Both active and passive skills can be tested.
Mona AL-Kahtani
(Direct physical responses and visuals)
Mona AL-Kahtani
Use oral questions that require easy spoken replies or simple nonverbal actions.
e.g. TEACHER: “How many books are on the
table?”STUDENT: six << it can be in their language
Mona AL-Kahtani
The teacher should use familiar words! WHY??
e.g. TEACHER: “Put the red folder between the two
green ones”
OR
TEACHER: “Where are the three yellow notebooks? “
Mona AL-Kahtani
Pictures can be used to test grammar as well. (i.e. to test prepositions, tenses, conditional statements,..etc). Page.36
Mona AL-Kahtani
It is suitable for students with very little knowledge about English.
Mona AL-Kahtani
Test groups using directed physical responses.
For example,
“Drawing”THE TEACHER: “Draw an airplane in the middle
of the paper. Then, draw a house below the air plane. Next, draw a cloud in front of the air plane.”
- Comparative (page. 37)
Mona AL-Kahtani
It put students at ease and avoids
unnecessary stress.
It avoids skills such as reading and writing
the students have not mastered yet.
It can scored easily and objectively.
Mona AL-Kahtani
Individual testing takes a long time.
It is difficult to find a suitable pictures.
Only limited number of grammatical
structure can be tested that way.
Mona AL-Kahtani
(incomplete sentence followed by four options to complete the sentence)
Mona AL-Kahtani
#She is ___________ her breakfast.
a. eat b. eating c. ate d. eaten
Mona AL-Kahtani
Choose the grammar points you need to test.
Prepare the right kind of sentence context
(i.e. stem).
Select three logical distractors.
Prepare simple, clear instructions.
Mona AL-Kahtani
Structures covered in class.
Quizzes and assignments might help. HOW?
Ignore well known structures except at the
beginning of the test. WHY?
Give different weight to various grammar points.
Mona AL-Kahtani
Good context is important. Yet, it should not be long
e.g. test (to + V)
“I don’t want to ___ “ <<< √
e.g. test (must)You need a longer context to explain the
meaning of the modal.
Mona AL-Kahtani
______ the ones who know the answers.
a.They are
b.There
c. They’re
d.Their
Avoid distractors that sound alike.
Mona AL-Kahtani
You can get it from the lady _____ he sold it to.
a.whichb.whoc. whomd.why
Mona AL-Kahtani
If I had a new fur coat, ________________a. I showed it to everyone.b. I’d show it to everyonec. I’ve shown it to everyoned. I’ll show it to everyone
Avoid repetition in the distractors.
If I had a new fur coat, …………. It to everyone.a. I showedb. I’d showc. I’ve showedd. I’ll show
Mona AL-Kahtani
They just bought ____ furniture.a. a fewb. severalc. some*d. with
Avoid mixing categories.
They just bought _______a. a few furnituresb. several furnituresc. some furnitured. a furniture
Mona AL-Kahtani
Space saver.Tom lives (A. at, B. on, C. in, D. __ ) Center
Street. Dialogue context.“Did she ask you to go with her?”“No, she asked someone ___ instead.”a. Else b. another c. other d. ___ Error identification (which items?)
A BOne of the girls lost her wallet and does not have C D some money for the game.
Mona AL-Kahtani
Test the grammar point directly which
increase the validity of the test.
Scoring is easy and reliable.
It allows teachers to diagnose specific
problems of students)
Mona AL-Kahtani
It is not easy to prepare a good item.
Easy for the students to cheat.
It does not appear to measure the students’
ability to reproduce the language structures.
It can have a negative influence on class work
which leads to a harmful backwash effect.
Mona AL-Kahtani
Sentence with a missing grammar point.
Mona AL-Kahtani
Example;
“He went ____ school.”
Students will;
a.decide from the context which word to use.
b.write an option from a list
c. change the form of a key word.
Mona AL-Kahtani
1. Select the grammar points you want to test.
2. Provide an appropriate context.
3. Write good instructions.
4. Decide on the kind of simple-completion
question to use.
Mona AL-Kahtani
The ____ child was crying for her mother. (losing, lost*).
Choose the best question word from the following list (who, which, where, what, why, when)
_____ were you late? We ran out of gas.
Mona AL-Kahtani
Similar to multiple-choice completion, but with two options only.
Example;
Complete the following sentences with ‘do’ or ‘make’
a. He ___ a lot of money last year.b. I always ____ my best.
Mona AL-Kahtani
Students should produce the appropriate form.
It calls for more productive response.
He’s the ____ (tall) person in the class.
Mona AL-Kahtani
“He _____ (sing) a song.
Poor item. Why?Context is not enough.
How to fix it?
- He is ___ (sing) a song.- He ______ singing now.-”What is Tom doing now?” “Oh, he ______
(sing)”
Mona AL-Kahtani
Use common terminology.
Add a question tag to these sentences.
Tom was indecisive, ………………………?
It is good to use an example. Why?
Mona AL-Kahtani
“You would get better sooner if ……………..”
- Minimum amount of contextual control.- Require real productivity.- Flexibility- Communicative
Mona AL-Kahtani
Easy to prepare.
It appears to measure the productive skills.
There is no exposure to incorrect grammatical
forms
It provide a sensitive measure of achievement.
Mona AL-Kahtani
Time consuming to correct.
Handwriting might be a problem
Students can avoid the structures being
tested by providing unexpected answers.
Mona AL-Kahtani
Passage with deleted words.
Mona AL-Kahtani
Cloze tests are popular these days. Why?
- easy to prepare
- easy to correct
- integrative
- it is a good measurement of overall
proficiency
Mona AL-Kahtani
Select an appropriate passage.
Decide on the ratio of the words deleted.
Write the instruction and prepare an
example.
Mona AL-Kahtani
Select a passage. from reading material. appropriate to the level of the students. length of the selection depends on the
number of blanks you plan to have.
Don’t ! Use passage with a lot of proper nouns,
numbers, technical word. Don’t use a passage with a lot of quoted
material.
Mona AL-Kahtani
Ratio of the deleted items;- selected – deletion”- take out every 7th word.
Write instruction
“First, read over the whole story quickly. Then read it carefully and fill in the blanks. Finally, read it again to see that your words make sense.”
Mona AL-Kahtani
Scoring the cloze test.1)Give credits for only the exact word from
the story.2) Allow full credit to equivalent words as
well.
Problems !
• misspellings???• bad handwriting??• Two or more words in the blank.
Mona AL-Kahtani
Multiple-choice cloze
Selected-deletion cloze
Inflectional cloze.
*They do not have a fixed ratio of words deleted from the
passage.
Mona AL-Kahtani
It is easy to prepare and score.
It is a good measurement of integrative
English skills.
It is a good measurement of the overall
ability in English.
Mona AL-Kahtani
It can not be used to measure the short
term gains.
It is difficult for non native teachers to
choose accepted equivalent words.
Mona AL-Kahtani