MomentumMomentum

MomentumMomentum is the quantity of is the quantity of motion a bodymotion a body

Momentum is a Momentum is a product of weight product of weight and velocityand velocity. .

In the human body there can be a In the human body there can be a transfer of momentum transfer of momentum from one from one body part to another. body part to another.

Implications for the AthleteImplications for the Athlete

Use all the joints that can be Use all the joints that can be used used

Use every joint in orderUse every joint in order

Use All the Joints That Can be Use All the Joints That Can be UsedUsed

The forces from each joint must be The forces from each joint must be combined to produce the maximum combined to produce the maximum effect. effect.

This is best done when all joints that This is best done when all joints that can be used are used. can be used are used.

This will help to get the most speed This will help to get the most speed or acceleration out of a movement. or acceleration out of a movement.

Summation of ForcesSummation of Forces

Use Every Joint in OrderUse Every Joint in Order

Sequence and timing are important.Sequence and timing are important.

Movement should begin with the big Movement should begin with the big muscle groups and move out through muscle groups and move out through the progressively smaller muscles, the progressively smaller muscles, from big to small. from big to small.

This pattern produces optimal forces This pattern produces optimal forces and flowing, continuous movement. and flowing, continuous movement.

Force generated by one part of Force generated by one part of the body is built on by the force the body is built on by the force

of subsequent jointsof subsequent joints..

In the well timed shot put, the hip In the well timed shot put, the hip action commences just as the leg action commences just as the leg extension decelerates. extension decelerates.

The shoulder action commences as The shoulder action commences as the hip rotation decelerates and so the hip rotation decelerates and so on. on.

Release VelocityRelease Velocity

The The release velocityrelease velocity of an of an implement depends on the speed of implement depends on the speed of the last part of the body at release. the last part of the body at release.

The correct sequence and timing The correct sequence and timing allow the athlete to attain allow the athlete to attain maximal release velocitymaximal release velocity. .

Newton's First Law of MotionNewton's First Law of Motion

                "All bodies continue in a "All bodies continue in a state of rest or uniform motion state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted in a straight line unless acted upon by some external force.upon by some external force.""

Newton's Second Law of Motion Newton's Second Law of Motion - Law of Acceleration- Law of Acceleration

                "The acceleration of a body "The acceleration of a body is proportional to the force is proportional to the force causing it and takes place in the causing it and takes place in the direction the force acts."direction the force acts."

Force = Mass x AccelerationForce = Mass x Acceleration

Mass is how heavy something isMass is how heavy something is

Acceleration is how quickly Acceleration is how quickly something speeds upsomething speeds up

Newton's Third Law of Motion - Newton's Third Law of Motion - Law of ReactionLaw of Reaction

                "To every action there is an "To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction."equal and opposite reaction."

A runner exerts a force against the A runner exerts a force against the ground. This creates an equal and ground. This creates an equal and opposite reaction force which moves opposite reaction force which moves the body over the ground. the body over the ground.

The The law of reactionlaw of reaction also applies to also applies to movements that occur in the air. In these movements that occur in the air. In these situations the equal and opposite reaction situations the equal and opposite reaction is shown in movements of other parts of is shown in movements of other parts of the body. the body.

A long jumper, for example, will bring the A long jumper, for example, will bring the arms and trunk forward in preparation for arms and trunk forward in preparation for landing. The equal and opposite reaction is landing. The equal and opposite reaction is movement of the legs into a good position movement of the legs into a good position for landing.for landing.

Centre of GravityCentre of Gravity Gravity is a force which is always Gravity is a force which is always present and is a pulling force in the present and is a pulling force in the direction of the centre of the earth. direction of the centre of the earth. This force acts on every body This force acts on every body through an imaginary point called through an imaginary point called the centre of gravity (CoG). the centre of gravity (CoG). A solid object like a shot or discus A solid object like a shot or discus has its CoG in the centre and this is a has its CoG in the centre and this is a fixed point. fixed point.

CoG in Human BodyCoG in Human BodyThe human body is a complex and The human body is a complex and constantly changing shape. The constantly changing shape. The centre of gravity now moves centre of gravity now moves according to the positioning of the according to the positioning of the body and limbs. body and limbs. The CoG may be The CoG may be insideinside the body, for the body, for example, when standing or it may be example, when standing or it may be outsideoutside the body as in the pole vault the body as in the pole vault and flop high jump bar clearances.and flop high jump bar clearances.

Projectile MotionProjectile Motion

When an athlete launches himself or When an athlete launches himself or an object into flight an object into flight gravitygravity will act will act as a force pulling the athlete or as a force pulling the athlete or object towards the ground. object towards the ground.

The flight path of the centre of The flight path of the centre of gravity of a body is a curve called a gravity of a body is a curve called a parabola. parabola.

The parabolic flight path depends The parabolic flight path depends on three factors:on three factors:

Speed of take off or release Speed of take off or release

Angle of take off or release Angle of take off or release

Height of the athlete's CoG at Height of the athlete's CoG at take off, or CoG of implement at take off, or CoG of implement at releaserelease

The Vital Factor?The Vital Factor?Of these, the Of these, the speedspeed of an athlete of an athlete at at take offtake off, or of an implement at , or of an implement at release, is the release, is the most important most important factorfactor. . Greater speed means greater Greater speed means greater distance achieved. distance achieved. Air resistance can also affect the Air resistance can also affect the distance travelled by an athlete or distance travelled by an athlete or implement. implement.

Parabolic Flight PathParabolic Flight Path