NEW STUDY PROVIDES

MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO

HOW GENE TRANSCRIPTION IS

REGULATED IN MAMMALIAN

CELLS

AND

GENETIC 911: CELLS'

EMERGENCY SYSTEMS

REVEALED

M A R Í A A L E J A N D R A M E J Í A C A R M O N A

M E D I C A L S T U D E N T

I I I S E M E S T E R

INTRODUCTION

- DNA is closely associatedwith a proteins, thehistones, to form tightlypacked chromosomes.

- The complex of DNAand histone proteins istermed chromatin.

- The information in thegene sequences is carriedto ribosomes in the formof mRNA.

-ARN, the language ofthe life

“ The scientist developed a state-of-the-art sequencing technology called Chromatin

Interaction Analysis for performing the genome-wide mapping of long-range interactions between chromatins ”

Phys org( July 18, 2012 )

NEW STUDY PROVIDES MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO HOW GENE TRANSCRIPTION IS REGULATED IN MAMMALIAN

CELLS

NEW STUDY PROVIDES MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO HOW GENE TRANSCRIPTION IS

REGULATED IN MAMMALIAN CELLS

The new technology

Can looks at different regions

of regulatory DNA sequences

Enhancers Promoters

Chromatin Interaction

Analysis

Which, the scientistcould see that organismgenes is regulated andcoordinated to carryout the geneticprograms encoded inthe genome for cellularfunctions in mammaliancells.

NEW STUDY PROVIDES MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO HOW GENE TRANSCRIPTION IS

REGULATED IN MAMMALIAN CELLS

Promoters on different genes.

They grouped

chromatin

interactions in

Promoters and nearby DNA sequences within the same gene

Promoters and enhancers (located outside the gene on the same chromosome)

The researchers found that

interacting genes are not only

expressed but also regulated in a

co-ordinated manner.

Final

Conclusion

OBSERVATION

Genetic 911: Cells' Emergency

Systems Revealed

“ Peter Dedon, and colleagues show that cells treated with poisons and toxins alter their chemical modification of molecules known as transfer RNA

(tRNA), which deliver protein building blocks within a cell ”

Sciende daily, ( July 3, 2012 )

Genetic 911: Cells' Emergency

Systems Revealed

The researchers found

Turn on a system that diverts the cell's protein-building

machinery away from its routine activities to emergency action

The new study

They focused on a particular tRNA

modification

known as m5C

which occurs when cells encounter

hydrogen peroxide, a chemical produced by

white blood cells.

This modification occurs predominantly

in the tRNAs that carry the amino acid

leucine.

The cell produces much more of the

RPL22A protein when hydrogen peroxide

is present, provoking an increase in m5C

Genetic 911: Cells' Emergency

Systems Revealed

"This paper is a wonderful piece of work that really

shows that tRNA can have a dramatic impact on gene

expression," says He, who was not part of the research

team.

Final

Conclusion

Indeed, the researchers found that hydrogen peroxide

increased many different types of proteins from TTG-enriched

genes."Probably what we're going to find is a

code in the use of codons in the genome, where classes of proteins are

grouped together by what the cell needs for a particular stress

response.“

OBSERVATION

Thanks to this study the scientists show unknown information about RNA that can lead to future investigations, in this case,

RNA checkpoints and the function of proteins in the mechanism of protect cells. In addition, this study demonstrates how theories and concepts once believed can

change at any moment, causing a number of studies to shift their direction.

MEDICAL UTILITYNew Study Provides Mechanistic Insights Into How Gene

Transcription Is Regulated In Mammalian Cells

By knowing the regulation of chromatin interactions, the health team can find and discover new targets in order to prevent new deseases and understand new defects in the genetic code.

MEDICAL UTILITYNew Study Provides Mechanistic Insights Into How

Gene Transcription Is Regulated In Mammalian

Cells

The study of chromatin interactions could open up a new understanding in the genetic elements avoiding human diseases and positively contributing to the future of those patients to learn about defects associated to the regulation of gene activity.

MEDICAL UTILITYGenetic 911: Cells' Emergency Systems Revealed

By knowing about the role of ARN at the transcription process we can understand how is the structural, enzymatic and conveyor operation of the new proteins and its paper of protecting the cell from toxins that could damage its function.

MEDICAL UTILITYGenetic 911: Cells' Emergency Systems

Revealed

The proteins play an important role when we are talking about the stress response in the cell, which avoids the death of the cells and the damages in the genome, in adition it contributes to prevent genetic deseases.

• Martinez S, Lina Maria. Biología Molecular. 5 ed Medellín: UPB. Fac Medicina

• New study provides mechanistic insights intohow gene transcription is regulated in mammalian cells , July 18, 2012

• Genetic 911: Cells' Emergency SystemsRevealed, July 3, 2012

BIBLIOGRAPHY