CAPTURING SUNLIGHT ON AN INDUSTRIAL SCALE WITH A BUBBLEThe major issue with sunlight as a power source is that it is of low intensity compared to conventional industrial

sources of energy. There’s a lot of solar energy, over 16,000x as much energy as we need, but its low intensity makes it costly to collect. The critical issue then is to lower the cost of collecting solar

energy.

One way to achieve this end is to use very small amounts of low cost materials in innovative ways. That’s what is

described here. A system that focuses sunlight that’s as simple as blowing a bubble.

STATIONARY SOCKETA transparent sphere forms a stationary socket within which the concentrator moves. This socket is tethered securely to the ground at low cost, and takes all wind loads on the system

MOBILE TENSIONING SPHEREAnother transparent sphere rotates inside the socket driven by two low power motors attached to the stationary socket. This sphere supports a suspension system to keep the sphere centered and provides tension to the concentrator it carries.

MOBILE CONCENTRATORAttached to the tensioning sphere is a concentrator. This consists of a transparent top sheet and a reflective bottom sheet. Pressure is varied in the plenum formed to vary the sag and in that way, the focal length of the concentrator.

SOLAR ENERGY FOCUSED SUNLIGHTPower towers have been around a long time. This is a different sort of power tower. A two-hundred and twenty-five

foot tall tower sits at the center of a four acre field surrounded by thirty-six balloons each sixty-six feet in diameter. Each of the thirty-six balloons focuses sunlight seventy-one times to a

secondary concentrator at the top of the tower. Each of the secondary concentrators reflect the focused light energy to a common point located near the base of the tower.

Overall, the four acre field collects eleven megawatts of solar energy and delivers it to a spot less than six feet in diameter.

This is achieved by precision optics held stable by air pressure. The same forces

that form a perfect bubble from soap film maintain perfectly formed spheres from thin sheets of tough plastic.

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HYDROGEN PRODUCTIONThe four acre site focuses sunlight on a ten foot diameter reactor. This reactor produces four-hundred and eighty-four tons of hydrogen each year. That hydrogen when burned releases 72,950 million BTU of energy

HYDROGEN INJECTIONTo store the hydrogen inexpensively we use depleted gas and oil wells. In interesting feature of this process is that additional fuels are recovered along with the hydrogen. 350,000 million BTU of fuel/hydrogen mixture are recovered each year from each four acre site

HYDROGEN & FUEL BURNINGHydrogen burns under the same conditions as all conventional fuels. This means that using the hydrogen to make electricity is a simple matter of specifying an appropriately sized gas fired generator. A four acre site generates 7.3 million kWh using hydrogen, 36.9 million kWh using hydrogen/fuel mix.

SOLAR ENERGY HYDROGEN Another challenge posed by making practical use of solar energy is that it is not always available. The sun goes down

at night and it sometimes grows dark in bad weather. This means that solar energy must be converted to some sort of intermediate fuel for use when the sun does not shine.

One approach is to make hydrogen from water by thermochemical processes that are well-established and very efficient.

In the process shown here water is heated to form steam by sunlight. The

steam reacts with iron to form rust and hydrogen. The hydrogen is recovered and used as a fuel. The rest of the process recovers the iron and releases the oxygen as well.

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The figures above are for reference only, actual charges may vary. These are based on units built on four acre sites with 4.6 hour per day insolation. Electrical generation is 5 MW for each site. Multiple sites will feed larger generation. Depleted field and hydrogen generation assumed to occur on the same site. There may be charges to transfer hydrogen which may cause price or term changes depending on details Multiple sites will be discounted.

Mok Industries LLC / MOKENERGY Corporation / The Mok Companies

Emilio Salvioni Don S. Errigo William H. Mook1 925 271 4335 Direct 1 925 249 1767 Direct 1 614 403 8912 Cell1 925 963 4690 Cell 1 408 315 1516 Cellesalvioni@comcast.net Errigo@errigo.com william.mook@mokenergy.com

SOLAR VALUEWe offer five installation types in four acre increments, described below.

We build own and operate the facilities described at sites indicated by the buyer and provide the buyer with the

commodities described below. Availability is based upon solar conditions and other conditions on the site and production may exceed these

figures. Charges will be adjusted on a pro-rata basis, based on actual production.

SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMSOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMSOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMSOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMSOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM

PRODUCTS DEPOSIT ANNUAL TERM DEL

Solar Concentrator - Eleven megawatts of solar thermal energy concentrated 5,000 times ambient solar intensity.

$2,500,000 $125,000 10 years

10 mos

Solar Hydrogen Production - Four hundred and eighty-four tons per year at $1,200 per ton. ($8.39 per million BTU)

$2,904,000 $290,400 10 years

10 mos

Air Independent Electrical Generation - Seven million three hundred and two thousand kilowatt-hours per year for $0.10 per kWh.

$3,651,000 $365,100 10 years

18 mos

Hydrogen Flooding - Recovers three hundred thousand million BTU of fuels mixed with clean burning hydrogen gas providing 20% of the total energy at $8.39 per million BTU (1.054 giga-joule)

$5,873,000 $2,642,850 20 years

24 mos

Portfolio Generation - Thirty-six million nine hundred thousand kilowatt-hours per year for $0.08 per kWh with 20% of the energy derived from clean burning hydrogen the balance from conventional fuels.

$5,904,000 $2,656,800 20 years

32 mos

100 MW gas fired generator

66 foot diameter concentrator

Thermochemical hydrogen

Hydrogen Flooding & Storage