Mohamed_Dahab.ppt

8/9/2019 Mohamed_Dahab.ppt

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Wastewater Reuse:International Regulations and

Trends


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What is Wastewater Reuse?

Terminology

Water reuse The beneficial use of treated wastewater foragriculture, industry, etc.

Water reclamation Reclamation involves all processes used totreat wastewater so that it can bebeneficially reused

Water recycling Recycling generally means reuse of wastewaterback in the same cycle where it is generated.


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What is Wastewater Reuse?

Categories of Water Reuse

ndirect Reuse Reuse of wastewater within the conte!t ofnatural water systems "rivers, a#uifers,

etc.$. The ultimate indirect reuse is throughthe global hydrologic cycle

%ther terms& ndirect potable reuse

'irect Reuse The direct beneficial reuse of treatedwastewater for agriculture, industry, etc.

'irect potable reuse& the reuse of reclaimedwater for potable uses


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Driving Factors for WaterReuse

Water (vailability

Water Consumption

Water )uality


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Benefits of Water Reuse

mportant element of integrated waterresources utili*ation and management

Treated effluent is used as a water resource

for many possible beneficial purposes +or many (rab coastal cities, wastewaterwould not be discharged to the sea thusreducing pollution to the marine environmentand not creating public health issues


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REUSE and GLOBAL CL!A"EC#A$GE

lobal climate change will causesignificant disruptions in the world-snatural hydrological cycles.

These hydrological changes will have

significant impacts on water #uality andsupply and how we manage water resources.

ost affected areas in the world includethe iddle /ast and 0orth (frica "/0($area.

ncreased acceptance and reliance onreclaimed water will play a key role inmitigating the impacts of global climatechange.


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GLOBAL CL!A"E C#A$GEChanges in total precipitation

Relative changes in global precipitation (%) for the period 2090-2099

(relative to 1980-1999) for Dec. - Feb. (left) and !n. - "!g. (right).

#o!rce$ &'' 200

&ro*ected &atterns of &recipitation 'hanges


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Considerations for Water Reuse%&anning

The foundation of successful water reuseprograms&

1roviding reliable treatment to meet

water #uality re#uirements andenvironmental regulations for theintended reuse.

1rotection of public health and the/nvironment

aining public acceptance.

/conomic viability


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%u'&ic #ea&th and Water(ua&it) Considerations

1hysical water #uality considerations Turbidity, color, etc.

Chemical water #uality considerations Chemical constituents including solids,

metals, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.

2iological water #uality considerations 1athogens including bacteria, helminths,virus, etc.

/merging water #uality considerations 1harmaceuticals, hormonal products, personalcare products, other /'C3s.


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Water Reuse Design Criteria

Water #uality re#uirements

onitoring re#uirements

Treatment process re#uirements

Treatment reliability re#uirements

%perational re#uirements

Cross4connection control provisions

5se area controls


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Regu&ator) Water ReuseCriteria

nternational uidelines "W6% uidelines$

Country uidelines and Re#uirements "5.7$&

+ederal Water Reuse Re#uirements

5.7. /1( guidelines

7tate agency re#uirements and guidelines

8ocal "county and municipal$re#uirements

%ther uidelines


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nternationa& *W#O+Guide&ines

The W6% uidelinesprovide for an"integrated protective

management frameworkfor maximizing the

public health benefitsof wastewater, excreta

and greywater use inagriculture andaquaculture."


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nternationa& *W#O+Guide&ines 6ealth Component

/stablishes risk level associatedwith each identified healthha*ard

'efines a level of healthprotection

dentifies health protectionmeasures

mplementation Component /stablishes monitoring and

assessment procedures

'efines institutional oversight

Re#uires system documentation

Confirmation by independentsurveillance


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U,S, E%A Regu&ator)Guide&ines

'isinfected tertiary effluents

Typical uses& urban, cropirrigation, recreational

2%' 9 :; mg; mg;mg


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So-e US Water Reuse Criteria

California 'epartment of 6ealth&

Water Recycling

roundwater Recharge

@ Athe water resources of the 7tate "must$ beput to beneficial use to the fullest e!tent ofwhich they are capable, and that the waste orunreasonable use or unreasonable method of useof water be prevented, and that the conservation

of such waters is to be e!ercisedAB Reuse goal& :,?;; million cubic metersannually by ?;:;


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").e of reuse "reat-entre/uired "ota&co&ifor-&i-its

+lushing sanitary sewers 7econdary 0onespecified

rrigation of restricted access

landscape areas, nursery stock, sod farms= landscapeimpoundments= cooling water "nomist$= nonstructuralfirefighting= soil compaction=etc.

7econdary

'isinfection

?>


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Ca&ifornia Water Rec)c&ingCriteria

edia +iltration

D gpm


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Ca&ifornia Water Rec)c&ingCriteria 0 Disinfected "ertiar)

Rec&ai-ed Water CT GD; mg4min totalcoliform;4day period

?G; total coliform


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U1 Disinfection Guide&ines

5I dose :G; mWs


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"reat-ent Re&ia'i&it)

7tandby power supply

(larms

ultiple or standby unit processes

/mergency storage


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Use Area Contro&s

Confinement to authori*ed use area

inimi*ation of public contact

Cross4connection control

7urveillance and monitoring 1ublic notification

/mployee training

Worker protection


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E2a-.&es of Reuse andRec)c&ing O.erations in the

U,S,

7tate of California, 5.7.


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LA Count) Sanitation

Districts :; Water Reclamation 1lants )uality of effluent varies

from

undisinfected secondary to

coagulated, filtered,

disinfectedtertiary.

Total Water Reclamation

capacity 9 >>? million m>DF of their H>D m>;F to :;;F of % cost

"J> to J:; < :;; m>$


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%adre Da- !unici.a& WaterDistrict

7antee Water Reclamation +acility= K;;;m>


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Cit) of LA 0 "i&&-an WR%

Reuse area 9 >H.D6ectare

Capacity 9 E; millionm>


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West Basin Water Rec)c&ing%&ant

1roduces D different#ualities of recycledwater Tertiary for industrial

irrigation 0itrified for cooling

towers

7oftened R% for groundwater recharge

1ure R% for low pressureboiler feed

5ltra4pure R% for high4pressure boiler

Capacity 9 K; millionm>


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RWD3!iche&son Rec&a-ation%&ant

Reuse area 9 :?D 6ectare

Trails 9 :K km

1onds 9 >; 6ectares

>M Tons of 0itrogenRemoved from Watershed

%perates year around

N rvine Ranch Water 'istrict


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RWD Landsca.e Rec&ai-ed WaterUsesSingle Family Estates

Reclaimed Landscape

Reclaimed Water Streetscape

Reclaimed Golf CourseReclaimed Park


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Sanitary Use in High Rise uildings

Under Stra!"erries

Reclaimed Use In Carpet Manufacture

RWD Other Rec&ai-ed Water Uses


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roundwaterReplenishmentN

7alt Waterntrusion

7ubsidenceControl

Groundwater Recharge

* +an, pro*ects thro!gho!t the .#. (e.g. F "/ '" ' etc.).


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Typical methods&

+ield flooding

Recharge basins

/!cavated pits, Recharge "inOections wells

4 confined a#uifers$,

%ther

Groundwater Recharge


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U,S, E%A4s Guide&ines for ndirect%ota'&e Reuse of !unici.a&Wastewater

").e or Reuse "reat-ent Rec&ai-ed water/ua&it)

roundwater recharge byspreading into potablea#uifers

7ite4specific7econdary and disinfection"minimum$ay also need filtration

and


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Groundwater Recharge5 DraftCa&ifornia Regu&ation

ssued (ugust ?, ?;;?

7urface 7preading < 7ubsurface nOection

7pecifies Controls for

1athogenic organisms

0itrogen compounds

Regulated contaminants and physicalcharacteristics

0onregulated contaminants a!imum (verage Recycled WaterContribution


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Water Factor) 678Orange Count)WD

2egan operation in:EHM

?; million m>


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Wastewater Reuse in theU,S,

Metro Area Million m3/r

os "ngeles '" 18

&hoeni "/ 188

"!stin 34 0

Denver ' 12

as 5egas 65 10


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Other E2a-.&es of Reuse andRec)c&ing O.erations

7ingapore 152 @0eWaterB 1roOect

7ingapore= a small island in 7/ (sia,depends on heavily on imported water.

The @0eWaterB proOect was started to

recycle and reuse wastewater largelyfor industrial use.

Currently, about :DF of the islanddemand is met using highly treatedwastewater

Wastewater is treated using biological

treatment followed by icrofiltration,R%, and 5I disinfection.

Water is used mostly by industrial users"e.g. circuit manufacturing$.


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Wastewater Reuse5nternationa& Regu&ation and

"rends

Thank You for Listening

!oha-ed F, Daha'De.art-ent of Civi& Engineering

Universit) of $e'ras9a0Linco&n: USA

Mohamed_Dahab.ppt

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